{"title":"Investigation of the dynamics of high-current vacuum arc luminosity","authors":"S. V. Klochko, A. A. Logachev, I. N. Poluyanova","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748747","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the development of high-current vacuum arc on the axial magnetic field contacts. The arc was initiated by opening of the contacts. We considered the processes during half wave of the industrial frequency current in the range of current from 0.1 to 1.2 of breaking capacity of the contact system. Using the high-speed video we investigated the time dependence of the plasma luminosity in the gap between the electrodes and the shape of luminous column. It has been shown, that high-current electrodes material evaporation has a notable effect on processes in the gap between the electrodes, but it doesn't cause contraction.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129771673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ion charge state distribution in vacuum arc plasmas for composite Sn-Pb cathodes","authors":"V. Frolova, A. Nikolaev, E. Oks, G. Yushkov","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748738","url":null,"abstract":"The report presents experimental results on the parameters of vacuum arc plasmas produced with composite Sn-Pb cathodes differing in atomic composition. The plasma was generated on a Mevva-V.Ru ion source. The mass-charge state of the plasma was studied using a time-of-flight spectrometer. The plasma parameters were compared with those for pure Sn and Pb cathodes. It is shown that the ion fraction of each cathode component in the plasma corresponds to its atomic fraction in the cathode material. The charge state of ions of both components is determined by the average electron temperature in the cathode spot plasma. The mean ion charge state for pure cathodes is higher than that for composite Sn-Pb cathodes. The physics of the observed effects is discussed.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130445828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets","authors":"K. Qin, Lijun Wang, Jie Deng, S. Jia","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748743","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum arc consists of cathode spot and mixing zone, arc column and anode zone. The separate jets and the mixing zone should be considered in the model of vacuum arc, especially the diffuse arc. In this paper, mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets were studied through simulation. To investigate the mixing and interaction of vacuum arc jets a steady 3D Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) modeling was required. In order to find out the influence of different parameters on mixing and interaction of vacuum arc jets, models with different parameters such as currents, angel of vacuum arc jets, with or without electromagnetic equations and tilted jets were simulated. Six cylindrical jets were modeled to study the process of mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets. Based on the simulation results, the ion number density, temperature distribution, flow velocity and ion pressure were given and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130976731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Byoung-Chul Kim, Sung-tae Kim, K. Ahn, Young-geun Kim
{"title":"Study on back to back capacitive current switching of 36kV vacuum circuit breaker","authors":"Byoung-Chul Kim, Sung-tae Kim, K. Ahn, Young-geun Kim","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764001","url":null,"abstract":"Back-to-back capacitive bank switching is the most severe duty among capacitive current switching duties because the amplitude of the inrush current with high frequency is very large. In this paper, 36kV back-to-back capacitive current switching tests of test duty 2(BC2) were carried out with vacuum circuit breaker. And the tests were performed with a series of separate making tests of 120 operations followed by a series of CO tests of 120 operations due to limitations of the test plant according to IEC standards 62271-100. The two types of VCB were tested with single phase and the test results were compared in terms of pre-arcing time, break down voltage distribution, contact surface after tests, contacting area, and field enhancement factor.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123114773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kaziev, D. Kolodko, A. Tumarkin, M. Kharkov, T. V. Stepanova
{"title":"Ion energy distributions at a cathode in a non-sputtering magnetron discharge","authors":"A. Kaziev, D. Kolodko, A. Tumarkin, M. Kharkov, T. V. Stepanova","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764021","url":null,"abstract":"A pulsed non-sputtering magnetron discharge (NSMD) has been studied by Langmuir probe diagnostics and a retarding field energy analyzer (RFA) mounted inside the cathode. Both axial and radial profiles of plasma density and electron temperature are nearly uniform in the magnetic null region. The plasma potential measurements have yielded a positive anode sheath voltage drop Uas ~ 0.4Ud and a corresponding cathode sheath drop Ucs ~ 0.6Ud. RFA results demonstrate that the energy of ions incident at the cathode surface during NSMD does not exceed eUcs. This result is in accordance with the observed inhibition of sputtering process in the NSMD.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121878657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new axial magnetic field contact three-quarters of coil for high-voltage vacuum interrupter and its properties","authors":"Xuemin Zhang, Xiaoqin Wang, Qi Guan, Min Li","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763972","url":null,"abstract":"In order to make the vacuum circuit breaker used in high-voltage level, it is necessary to study the high voltage vacuum interrupter. This paper presented an axial magnetic field three quarters of the coil structure for high voltage level. Its axial magnetic field characteristics were calculated and analyzed with the Maxwell Ansoft software, The magnetic field produced by the structure is uniform, the maximum magnetic field value is 9.4mT, the minimum magnetic field value is 4.08mT, the uniform area of the maximum magnetic field is 0.25 dm2, 40% of the total area occupied by, and the residual magnetic field is small. The value is 2.8mT. The influence of the magnetic field strength and uniformity for the different slot positions of the contact was analyzed. The results showed that the slot position is in the right of the contact; the maximum magnetic field value is larger and more uniform. It also can enhance the arc control of the contact, promote arc converting to diffuse arc, improve the breaking capacity.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127882105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The return of permanent gas pressure in sealed vacuum interrupters","authors":"R. Reeves, L. Falkingham","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763991","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuum pressure in Vacuum Interrupters (VI) is usually measured by inducing a magnetron discharge inside them. We have previously reported evidence that if this discharge is continued for long enough it causes the gases to be chemically bonded to solid surfaces in the interrupter, resulting in a permanent reduction of pressure. In a small proportion of interrupters however the pressure returns to a stable level similar to the pre-discharge pressure over a period of hours or days. We now report on measurements of this pressure recovery. It was found that with these VI the cycle of pumping and pressure return is repeatable. With this information it may be possible to adapt magnetron testing procedures to distinguish between pressure rise due to return of permanent gas, which will level off, and continuous pressure rise due to internal outgassing.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129066508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface discharge detection of external insulation of outdoor vacuum circuit breaker based on ultraviolet imaging","authors":"Xuewen Li, Lijun Jin, Jing Cai, Haizhen Shi","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748688","url":null,"abstract":"Post insulator is one important part of outdoor vacuum circuit breaker's insulation, and surface discharge of post insulator is a main cause of outdoor vacuum circuit breaker insulation faults. A new method is introduced to detect surface discharge, using ultraviolet imaging technology. The images of post insulator's surface discharge are captured with ultraviolet imager. Meanwhile its discharge quantity is measured. After image process of ultraviolet imaging video, three feature parameters are found to indicate surface discharge intensity, which are mean facula area, intermittent facula area and repetition times of intermittent facula. Meanwhile the relationship between the three feature parameters and partial discharge quantity is studied by method of least square support vector machine. It demonstrates that under certain voltage and weather condition, discharge quantity can be calculated with the three feature parameters. A power frequency withstand voltage test system is built to test outdoor vacuum circuit breaker under various climatic conditions. The experiments demonstrate that discharge quantity diagnosed by UV image only have an error less than 6% compared with the discharge quantity measured by PD detector, which provides a useful method of external insulation fault diagnosis of outdoor vacuum circuit breaker based on ultraviolet imaging.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114011131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Licai Zhang, Kun Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, Yingsan Geng, Jianhua Wang
{"title":"Influence of design parameters on electro-magnetic repulsion mechanism performance","authors":"Licai Zhang, Kun Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, Yingsan Geng, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763973","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to quantitatively determine the influence of six design parameters on three performance parameters of electromagnetic repulsion mechanism. Six design parameters include mass of moving part, radius of repulsion plate, thickness of the repulsion plate, pre-charged capacitance, initial charging voltage of pre-charged capacitance, and driving coil turns. Three performance parameters include average opening speed, maximum speed and maximum electro-magnetic force on the repulsion plate. Simulation results reveal following conclusions. With the increase of moving part mass, average speed and maximum speed decrease linearly as equation (1, 2). Average speed and maximum speed are in direct proportion with the increase of plate's thickness, initial voltage, driving coil turns and value of pre-charged capacitance as equation (4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, and 17). The maximum force increases almost linearly with the increases of the width of plate, the initial charging voltage, riving coil turns and capacitance shown in equation (3, 9, 12, and 15). When radius of repulsion plate is smaller than radius of split coil, three design parameters increase linearly with the increase of radius of repulsion plate shown in equation (6, 7, 8). When radius of plate is bigger, three design parameters is almost same.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122838798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field emission energy spectra fine structure for metallic cathodes coated by dielectric or semiconductor films","authors":"I. S. Turmyshev, A. Murzakaev, O. Timoshenkova","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764028","url":null,"abstract":"Presented item deals with investigations of energy spectra fine structure behavior during field emission process for thin film hetero-structures. It is known that fine structures appear in field emission energy spectra for metallic cathodes covered by dielectric or semiconductor thin films, but there is no detailed investigation of rules of such phenomenon. This work presents some results of correlation attempt between transfer matrix method of calculation field emission energy spectrum for metallic cathodes covered by thin film and experimental data obtained for such objects. Tungsten-silicon, tungsten-carbon and tungsten-zirconia hetero-structure cathodes are under consideration. The summary of experimental data of some previous papers is under discussion in terms of computation methods suggested earlier and developed by authors for metallic tip field emission process. It is also discovered from computation that under some conditions of film width and emission voltage it is technically possible to separate particular peak with very thin half-width of energy spectrum while brightness is high. Good correlation between computation and experimental results of field emission process for thin film hetero-structure is obtained.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124101809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}