International Institutions: European Union eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Mind the (trade) gap! How costly is erecting barriers to trade?","authors":"Beata Gafka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3702630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3702630","url":null,"abstract":"Brexit referendum disrupted global trade: UK's exchange with EU and numerous third countries would suffer. Relative stock prices reacted accordingly with the damage greater and longer-lasting for the UK than the block. UK-focused manufacturing fared worst in both regions. UK's EU-exposed services firms were also impacted – the market correctly expected December 2020 ''no-deal'' outcome for that sector. Third-country exposure attenuated the shock's impact on EU but not UK companies. Consequently, the UK zone factor underperformed the old-EU one by 20 pp between 2016 and 2019. Brexit exposure high-low portfolio explains 70% of the time-series variation in this underperformance. Overall, the results showcase impact of trade de-liberalization on firm and country business risk.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126835143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA UNIÓN EUROPEA Y LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA AD EXTRA (The European Union and Ad Extra Food Security)","authors":"Miguel Martín López, Adriana Fillol Mazo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3922665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3922665","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: La Unión Europea está terminando de perfilar una política europea de seguridad alimentaria que pretende estar en lo más alto de su agenda. El programa “De la Granja a la Mesa” así lo atestigua. En los documentos de la Unión Europea al respecto se indica que quieren darle peso también en esta materia a la cooperación internacional, intentando compartir conocimientos en la materia, estando incluso en curso algunos proyectos de investigación. Ahora bien, se observa que hay una confusión sobre el alcance del término seguridad alimentaria, centrado en exclusiva en cuestiones de protección en la cadena alimentaria. En el ámbito internacional, por el contrario, está ligado a la lucha contra el hambre. Hay que reconocer que la Unión Europea, como actor global, participa en numerosas acciones ligadas a ello, en particular con la FAO. Participa también en las negociaciones internacionales sobre textos que tienen efecto, a veces sin conseguirse la unanimidad, como en la reciente Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre derechos de los campesinos. Es interesante, por tanto, reflexionar y hacer propuestas para conseguir una mayor coherencia de la acción exterior de la Unión Europa en esta materia. English Abstract: The European Union is designing a Food Security European Policy that aims to be on the top of the political agenda. From farm to fork programme is a clean example of this. International cooperation has a role in this policy, as EU documents say, including expertise sharing and international research projects. However, there is confusion on the content of this policy, too focused on food chain protection. At international level there is, however, a fight against hungry. It is true that the European Union, as global player, takes part in many actions, particularly in the FAO framework. It also participates in international negotiations of treaties, sometimes reached without unanimity, as the recent UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants. It is interesting, then, to think about these EU external actions in order to print more coherence on them.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131705244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Global Jihad Relocalises and Where it Leads. The Case of HTS, the Former AQ Franchise in Syria","authors":"Jérôme Drevon, P. Haenni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3796931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796931","url":null,"abstract":"The territories ruled by the Syrian opposition are being reorganised. The leaderless revolution has given way to a seizure of power by vanguardist and ideological organisations, be it the PYD in the northeast or HTS, the former local branch of AQ, in Idlib. However, these organisations cannot resist the regime’s military threat to reconquer the territories or the Turkish intervention by themselves. They need to manage the internationalisation of the conflict to protect themselves and find space in the broader strategic game around Syria. This is the strategy of HTS. After emerging from the matrix of AQ's global jihad, since 2017 HTS has sought to ‘institutionalise’ the revolution by imposing its military hegemony and full control of the institutions of local governance. The group has thus marginalised the revolutionary milieu, other Islamists and the threat posed by AQ supporters and IS cells in Idlib. HTS’s domination was followed by a policy of gradual opening and mainstreamisation. The group has had to open up to local communities and make concessions, especially in the religious sphere. HTS is seeking international acceptance with the development of a strategic partnership with Turkey and desires to open dialogue with Western countries. Overall, HTS has transformed from formerly being a salafi jihadi organisation into having a new mainstream approach to political Islam.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124934221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responding to Hybridity in an Unstable Neighborhood: The Efficiency of the EU State-centric Approach to the Crisis in Libya and Ukraine","authors":"Luca Raineri, Kateryna Ivashchenko-Stadnik, R. Petrov","doi":"10.18523/kmlpj220689.2020-6.1-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj220689.2020-6.1-25","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the complex problems arising from the discrepancy of traditional liberal crisis response approaches in the new type of complex emergencies. Based on the in-depth empirical analysis, it  examines  the EU role in addressing security sector reforms, humanitarian assistance and warfare in Lib y a and Ukraine ,  two key EU neighboring countries with ongoing military conflicts. It is argued that the observed over-emphasis on state-centric stabili z ation measures, with its main focus on formal state structures, fails to deal with the hybrid dynamics of conflict and  peacebuilding  in both cou n t rie s. It is suggested that to shape comprehensive crisis response in an unstable neighborhood a multi-layered perspectives approach to security, sensitive to plural agencies and informal rules, should be developed both outside  and within  EU borders.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126369234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report on the Dynamics of Differentiated Integration","authors":"F. Schimmelfennig, Thomas Winzen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3783163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3783163","url":null,"abstract":"This report examines the dynamics of differentiated integration. In particular, it studies whether differentiated integration is a path-dependent process, in which earlier differentiation increases the likelihood of additional differentiation in the future. In a set of analyses on the EU’s treaty-based and legislative differentiation and the Eurozone crisis, this report provides consistent evidence for path-dependence. The analysis of treaty reforms shows that the extent of pre-existing differentiation in a policy area is correlated significantly with differentiations in subsequent treaty reforms – even when controlling for exogenous factors of differentiated integration. In turn, differentiation in EU legislation follows differentiation in EU treaties. Whereas such path dependence only takes place in the area of core state power integration, it is clearly the most important factor driving legislative differentiation. Finally, in the Eurozone crisis, the differential impact of the crisis on euro area and non-euro area countries motivated the euro area countries to adopt far-reaching centralizing reforms and financial commitments that non-euro area members refused or were excluded from. In sum, differentiated integration has not only been pronounced in policy domains related to core state powers – such as macroeconomic and security policies – when they were initially integrated, but the legal gap between insiders and outsiders has grown over time.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126488245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Integration Era in the EU: Theory, Assessment and Main Challenges","authors":"Constantinos Ikonomou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3675008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3675008","url":null,"abstract":"It is hard to re-create the edifice of a united Europe. It was based on substantial theoretical developments from integration theory, economics, international, political, cultural, social and other studies, layered at the top of economic, social, cultural and other existing foundations of nation-states. Their contribution in the unification is often disregarded, and has been overshadowed by problems encountered after the two most recent crises, the “Brexit”, the missing Eurozone components revealed and the realization that the European integration remains incomplete. After highlighting the most principal theoretical foundations and the recent, significant institutional and policy amendments at the common edifice, a long-term assessment of the EU integration process is attempted for the 1971–2015 period, by comparing GDP per head (in constant PPPs) and its change, for EU and non-EU states that are OECD members. Several points are raised on the unification and the mistakes made that risk harming it even further. It is suggested that a new, hitherto unidentified, integration stage has been formed that will require further use of economic theory and the setting-up of a common production union to advance competitiveness and co-operation, while espousing common European values and culture.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-border Corporate Mobility in the EU: Empirical Findings 2020 (Edition 1)","authors":"Thomas Biermeyer, Marcus Meyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674089","url":null,"abstract":"This report on cross-border mobility in the European Union focuses, in its fifth edition, on cross-border mergers, cross-border conversions, cross-border divisions as well as on SEs within the period of 2013 to 2020.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116223224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disillusionment and the Growth of Mass-Level Euroscepticism in Post-Communist East-Central Europe","authors":"B. Sokolov, E. Ponarin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3500819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3500819","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to test if the disillusionment theory developed by Sokolov et al. (2018) to explain the rise of anti-Americanism in post-Soviet Russia, can also explain the recent growth of Euroscepticism in East-Central Europe (ECE). We provide anecdotal evidence of anti-EU disillusionment in the region and then test several empirical implications of the disillusionment theory using mass-level survey data from the European Social Survey (ESS). Our empirical findings are, however, contradictory. This suggests that the disillusionment model cannot be directly applied to the ECE case and should be modified to some extent. We propose two potential modifications. The first is based on David Laitin’s concept of “the most favored lords” and the second underscores the benefits that EU membership offers to the upper strata of Eastern European societies","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124195322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Restructuring under Relative and Absolute Priority Default Rules: A Comparative Assessment","authors":"J. Seymour, S. Schwarcz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3498611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3498611","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union recently adopted a Restructuring Directive intended to facilitate the reorganization of insolvent and other financially troubled firms. Although the central goal of the Directive parallels that of Chapter 11 of U.S. bankruptcy law — to protect and maximize the value of financially distressed but economically viable enterprises by consensually reorganizing their capital structure — the Directive introduces an innovative but controversial option: that EU Member States can decree that reorganization negotiations should be subject to a relative priority default rule, in contrast to the type of absolute priority default rule used by Chapter 11. EU officials argue that relative priority is not only fair but also provides the flexibility that is needed pragmatically to restructure a troubled firm. This article explains why relative priority inadvertently can undermine the incentives needed to achieve a successful restructuring, and why absolute priority provides a more effective default rule for reaching a negotiated consensus. Additionally, the article illustrates why the Directive’s standard not only may be unfair to creditors but also might discourage debt investments in the European Union.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128805785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Data Transfers and Liaison Officers: What Data Protection Rules Apply in the Fight Against Impunity When Third Countries are Involved?","authors":"C. Eckes, D. Barnhoorn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3493611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3493611","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution addresses the question of whether and under what circumstances data protection should prevail over the fight against impunity. It focuses on data cooperation between the European Union and the United States of America (US) in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. It examines the limited control mechanisms that are in place to ensure data protection after data has been transferred or otherwise shared in the highly relevant and controversial context of commercial transfers of personal data and in the academically rather neglected context of liaison officers seconded from the US to EU agencies within the Area of Freedom Security and Justice (AFSJ). The objective is to identify (1) limits imposed by data protection requirements on data sharing as a means of fighting impunity, (2) responsibilities of EU actors for data that is collected and processed within the EU’s jurisdiction, be it public or private actors, and (3) limits of the EU’s control over data flows in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":296326,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: European Union eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121470644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}