SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Green Finance: A Step closer to Sustainable Development","authors":"P. Verma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3903766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3903766","url":null,"abstract":"In present occasions of technical advancement the worldwide monetary framework is subverted from three principal requesting circumstances: ecological substitute, essentialness hindrances and money related crisis. This is inferable from money related improvement passes on close by itself expenses to the worldwide areas inside the type of ecological corruption. Green money is the response for undertaking contract among the monetary framework and nature. Green account is mulled over in light of the fact that the financial assistance for unpracticed turn of events, which diminishes ozone exhausting substance releases and air tainting radiations by and large. Green asset in cultivation, green constructions, green security and distinctive unpracticed exercises need to blast for the monetary improvement of the country. In this paper, an undertaking has been made to find the overall writing at the green money and its future degree in India.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130904618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Tribal Land Tenure Security in Odisha: Otelp- Landesa Partnership","authors":"P. Choudhury, P. Mohapatra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3812978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3812978","url":null,"abstract":"Context \u0000 \u0000Landlessness continues to be high, more so among scheduled tribe (ST) households, in tribal dominant states such as Odisha. This can primarily be attributed to the existence of historical weaknesses in land administration systems. \u0000 \u0000Current legal frameworks to prevent tribal land alienation, ensure restoration and implement provisions to settle Government lands - both agricultural and homestead - are not adequate. \u0000Tribal development projects aided by external entities have been trying to improve the tenure security of tribal communities by enhancing access to un-surveyed agriculture lands on hill slopes, as well as homestead lands. \u0000 \u0000Interventions \u0000 \u0000Landesa, an NGO, partnered with the Odisha Government on its Tribal Empowerment and Livelihoods Project (OTELP) to enhance the land rights of tribal households by facilitating grants to homestead land as per existing legal and schematic provisions. This involved the engagement of trained Community Resource Persons to assist the Revenue Department in terms of enumeration, coordination and land allotments and also entailed specific provisions for women. \u0000 \u0000Lessons \u0000 \u0000A flexible project framework and strategic government-NGO partnership can help overcome resource gaps in the land administration framework and improve service delivery to address tribal homesteadlessness. \u0000 \u0000Village level assistance and enumeration is critical to identify actual cases of land-deprivation and also de-facto land availability for homesteads. \u0000 \u0000While it is possible to address homsteadlessness through such a bottom-up process (involving assistance provided to the Revenue Department), overcoming agriculture landlessness and improving access to cultivated land will require strong political buy-in and administrative coordination at a large scale.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134264933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lassen Sich Haltelinien, Finanzielle Nachhaltigkeit Und Generationenge-Rechtigkeit Trotz Der Corona-Pandemie Miteinander Verbinden? (Can Stop Lines, Financial Sustainability and Generational Equity Be Combined Despite the Corona Pandemic?)","authors":"Axel Börsch-Supan, J. Rausch","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3787967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3787967","url":null,"abstract":"German Abstract: Seit 2019 gilt eine so genannte „doppelte Haltelinie“, die dafur sorgt, dass das Sicherungsniveau der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung nicht unter 48% absinken und gleichzeitig der Beitragssatz nicht uber 20% ansteigen wird. Diese Haltelinie gilt bis 2025. Anschliesend gilt wieder „altes Recht“, nach dem das Sicherungsniveau und Beitragssatz gemas der Rentenanpassungsformel inklusive des Nachhaltigkeitsfaktors angepasst wird. Letzterer berucksichtigt in der Anpassungsformel den demographischen Wandel, um die Finanzierung der Rentenleistungen nachhaltig und generationengerecht zu sichern. Der demgemas stark steigende Beitragssatz und das stark fallende Sicherungsniveau widersprechen jedoch dem Wunsch der Bevolkerung nach einer in festen Haltelinien gegossenen Verlasslichkeit. \u0000Dieses Papier stellt mogliche Auswege aus diesem Dilemma vor. Sie bestehen aus unterschiedlichen Kombinationen von Haltelinien, nachhaltiger Finanzierung und generationengerechter Aufteilung der demographischen Lasten. Das Papier verwendet das MEA-PENSIM Modell, um die Entwicklung des Sicherungsniveaus, des Beitragssatzes und evtl. zusatzlicher Deckungsbeitrage durch Steuermittel fur solche Auswege zu berechnen. Wie in Borsch-Supan und Rausch (2020a) gezeigt, kann keines dieser Alternativmodelle Beitragssatz und zusatzliche Bundesmittel langfristig stabilisieren. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass die finanzielle Lage der Rentenversicherung nach 2030 durch eine zunehmende Differenz zwischen Rentenzugangsalter und Lebenserwartung bestimmt wird. Durch die Corona-Pandemie hat sich diese Lage weiter verscharft. Diese Modelle mussen daher durch eine Anpassung des Rentenzugangsalters an die Lebenserwartung auch nach 2031, wenn die „Rente mit 67“ vollstandig eingefuhrt sein wird, erganzt werden. Wir zeigen, dass bis auf die beiden Modelle einer doppelten Haltelinie alle ubrigen Modelle einen Beitragssatz von unter 23,5% einhalten konnten, ohne zusatzliche Bundesmittel zu benotigen. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: Since 2019, a so-called „double stop line“ has been in place to ensure that the statutory replacement rate of the German public pension insurance does not drop below 48% and that the contribution rate does not rise above 20%. This stop line applies until 2025. Subsequently, „old law“ applies again, according to which replacement and contribution rates are adjusted in accordance with the pension adjustment formula, including the sustainability factor. The latter takes the demographic change into account in order to secure the financing of pension benefits in a sustainable and generation-appropriate manner. However, the implied increase of the contribution rate and the implied drop in the replacement rate are in conflict with the desire of the population to have “pension security” cast in fixed stop lines. \u0000This paper presents possible ways out of this dilemma. They consist of different combinations of stop lines, sustainable financing and a generation-appropriate distrib","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh: Organizational Gap Analysis- Case Study on Ministry of Housing and Public Works","authors":"Moshiur Rahman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3741090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741090","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of financial support and proper research in housing has been identified by the Government of Bangladesh as one of the major problems in improving sustainable housing condition of lower and middle-income families in Bangladesh. Unplanned urbanization in the city area leads to poor living status which undermines the economic growth and becomes a barrier to achieve the goal-11 (sustainable cities and communities) of sustainable development goal (SDGs). Ministry of Housing and Public Works (MHPW) has a mission to develop a planned, safe and sustainable housing with affordable cost for the low and middle-income people ensuring the best uses of lands though suitable planning and research. To identify the low and middle-income households of this study, a circular of Bangladesh Bank refinance scheme of 2008-2009, has been followed where it has been defined as those whose monthly household income is within the upper ceiling of BDT 50,000 (USD 600). The residential housing sector of Bangladesh is characterized by a three-tier market. First are those households with the highest disposable income, able to afford high-quality housing. The second tier is the relatively narrow stratum of middle-income households. The third and the largest of the tiers is the low-income households. The attempt of this study is to find out the challenges after assessing the housing status of lower and middle-income people and will try to link up with goal 11 of SDGs which has been mentioned in the strategic objectives of MHPW. This study will focus on mainly secondary data while primary data will also be collected through a questionnaire survey to sketch the real picture of the present condition of the housing of people. Recommendations of the study will help in mapping mission of the said ministry and achieving goal 11 of SDGs and will try to bridge the knowledge gap by identifying the risk factors in the sustainable housing through the idea of the smart city.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123010871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood Sustainability Status and Challenges of South-western Coastal Area of Bangladesh","authors":"M. A. Rahman, N. Fatema, S. Aktar, B. Khan, Taufiq-E-Ahmed Shovo, Md. Hasan Howlader","doi":"10.31014/aior.1991.03.04.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.03.04.226","url":null,"abstract":"The exposure of disaster varies based on its surroundings and resilience of the people. Apparently, the south-western coastal area of Bangladesh is confronting at great risk for its geophysical settings. Notwithstanding, Bangladesh has a long history of coping with disasters and recovery from damages. This study attempted to measure the livelihood sustainability status that had taken by the rural people of Sutarkhali after the severe cyclonic storm Aila occurred in 2009. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Sutarkhali union of Dacope Upazila under Khulna District, Bangladesh. Data were collected from different occupational groups living in a coastal community through survey methods using a structured questionnaire. A total of 260 household heads were participated in this study. The study findings reveal that the respondents have changed their livelihood activities after Aila but the livelihood is not sustainable and satisfactory. The overall sustainability score (39.85) identified in this study based on the DFID indicators means, sustainability of the diversified livelihood is unsustainable and less satisfactory. This study also found various constraints towards livelihood sustainability. Based on the weighted average index this study found the major constraints of livelihood sustainability are natural disasters, lack of education, lack of government initiatives, etc.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132102091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Electricity Impact on Economic Growth of the World","authors":"N. Khan, Farooq Khurum Shehzad, S. Fahad, S. Faisal, M. Naushad, Ayasha Akbar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3682240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3682240","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out on 27th August 2020. The major objective of the study was to review electricity impact on economic growth of the world. Total 14 articles were downloaded from the net and reviewed these articles in depth. The result indicates that electricity play great role in the economic growth of the world and without electricity the development of the country is impossible. This problem mostly are facing to developing countries. There the electricity production is less than the requirement. The fund for electricity in the budget is very low because of this always the shortage of electricity occurred there. Due to low electricity the economic growth is less than those countries of the world where electricity is more. The study further explain that in developing countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Nigeria etc the electricity is less than the requirement and because of this the economic growth is less than the developed countries. The total electricity production in the world is 27,644,800 GWH. China is the top country in electricity production in the world. The china electricity production is 5,883,000 GWH while United Stated electricity production is 3,902,000 GWH and the India Production in electricity is 2, 06,100 GWH while the Japan electricity production is 1,110,800 GWH. Where the electricity production is more where the economic growth will be more and through this way the country prosperity will be more and the standard of living will be high. So the above discussion shows that electricity play important role in the development of a country. From two type’s sources electricity is produced. The first one is fossils and in this category the coal, natural gasses and oil come while in the second renewable resources the hydro-power and other resources are included. The developing countries have most problems in electricity and there is always more shortage because of this the agro-based industries and other industries are not properly works while these problems mostly face to developing countries. They always behind than developed countries and people mostly unemployed and prosperity is less than the other developed countries. On the basis of problems the study recommends that to produce more electricity in the world for uplifting their economy; Most fund should be arranged for electricity project in the country budget; Not only from water electricity should be produced but also from other sources such as coal , oil, natural gases electricity should be produced; Each government should produced electricity more than the requirement; Private sectors should also be involved in electricity production ; Price rate of electricity should be kept low for the interest of people; Distribute equally the electricity in the country; On free basis electricity should be provided to hospitals in the countries ; Where the cost is less where more electricity should be produced and then exported to other countries on low rate; So through t","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126205428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotechnical Sustainability in the United Arab Emirates–Sustainability Rating Tools","authors":"Ryan Sochanik","doi":"10.14419/IJET.V9I3.30813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJET.V9I3.30813","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability and the concept of sustainable development now form part of governmental policy around the world. The United Arab Emirates is no different, recognising that its ecological footprint and continued growth require management of resources and waste streams. A fundamental part of this is sustainable construction and operation of civil engineering projects such as buildings, roads and airports. Geotechnical engineering is required on practically all civil engineering projects yet is often overlooked when design and construction decisions are being made regarding civil engineering sustainability. One of the most common ways to measure sustainability in civil engineering projects is through rating tools. Rating tools have grown and developed internationally for decades and are used across the world for various different projects (buildings, roads, infrastructure etc.). The United Arab Emirates have developed their own local ratings tools (and sustainability frameworks) and have mandated their use in certain projects. There is significant scope for geotechnical engineering to contribute to improving sustainability and rating tools are one element that can be developed. A detailed review of local and international ratings tools is carried out to understand where geotechnical engineering can currently contribute and the possibilities to improve geotechnical sustainability in the United Arab Emirates are discussed.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116666642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Economy. Resilience or Great Reset?","authors":"Ivo Pezzuto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3710368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3710368","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic, like other previous health crises, was a severe and unlikely predictable event that will certainly leave lasting economic and social scars around the world in the years to come, but hopefully, it will also probably become the catalyst of a brighter and more sustainable future, thanks to the acceleration of new priorities, values, and lifestyle habits in society and to the rapid changes in industries’ transformation, digitalization, automation, consolidation, reconfiguration of supply chains, productivity enhancements, and the invention of exciting new business models. The fact that the global communities have been hit by this pandemic crisis almost simultaneously will certainly become a powerful driver of change, adaptation, and resilience for economies, and the enabler of a more rapid and coordinated global crisis resolution strategy. Dramatic health and social crises often can become the catalyst of unexpected innovations;of new waves of ideas, and the inspiration for reimagining and rebuilding a new and more inclusive, sustainable, and environmentally-friendly economic model and a more socially-responsible social contract. In fact, history teaches us that human kind has always found a way forward, no matter how hard things have been. Creativity, disruptive innovations, and some of the most unimaginable new discoveries have often come to life after prolonged periods of suffering and hardship. This crisis is opening up or accelerating new exciting growth and job creation opportunities in new areas of business and, in particular, in new emerging industries related to sustainability;clean and renewable energy sources;mobility and transportation;digitalization, social entrepreneurship, and space exploration, as consumer and firms learn to adapt to the “New Normal” and to reinvent themselves. The article aims to explore, through data-dependent analyses, some of the greatest challenges and opportunities facing the world economy in the post-COVID-19 era and the major casualties and potential risks related to the dramatic externality.The article also aims to highlight unique and specific fragilities at the onset of this pandemic crisis and the urgent need for a globally-coordinated policy response to address them in order to make the world economy more resilient. the article also recalls in his conclusion the unique and unparalleled abilities of human kind, and its highly interdependent and interconnected communities in a globalized world, to overcome the most difficult challenges and to find the inspiration to turn severe and dramatic health, economic and social crises, like COVID-19, into the seeds for a new, bold and brighter rebirth;a robust new recovery trajectory towards a more resilient, inclusive, fair, and socially-responsible economic model.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"75 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121012794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Dynamics of Poverty Transitions in India","authors":"A. Sahasranaman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3651204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3651204","url":null,"abstract":"We model the dynamics of poverty using a stochastic model of Geometric Brownian Motion with reallocation (RGBM) and explore both transient and persistent poverty over 1952-2006. We find that annual transitions in and out of poverty are common and show a rising trend, with the rise largely being driven by transitions out of poverty. Despite this promising trend, even toward the end of the time frame, there is a non-trivial proportion of individuals still transitioning annually into poverty, indicative of the economic fragility of those near the poverty line. We also find that there is still a marked persistence of poverty over time, though the probability of poverty persistence is slowly declining. Particularly concerning in this context are the poverty trajectories of those at the very bottom of the income distribution. The choice of poverty line appears to impact the dynamics, with higher poverty lines corresponding to lower transitions and higher persistence probabilities. The distinct nature of emergent transient and persistence dynamics suggests that the approaches to counter these phenomena need to be different, possibly incorporating both missing financial markets and state action.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114382490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Symbiotic Relations Between Tourism and Development","authors":"K. Devi","doi":"10.18510/ijthr.2020.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.719","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of this study: Growth in the tourism sector helps in the reduction of poverty, maintenance of macroeconomic equilibrium by creating employment opportunities, earning foreign currencies, reduction of excessive dependence on a foreign country for their own development, reduction of the deficit of the current account of the balance of payment, etc. This study aims to acquaint deeply with the relationship between tourism and development so that we can check complexities, gaps, comparability, and the sustainability of impact on each other. \u0000Methodology: Secondary sources of data are used in this descriptive research. \u0000Main findings of my study: There is a symbiotic relationship between tourism and development and one cannot be separated from others and both are the causes of each other. From the empirical study of different countries with the co-integration method, it is proved that tourism has always been positively related to development. \u0000Applications of my study: The study will be helpful to students, research scholars, different government & nongovernmental officials who are interested in any activities relating to tourism, environment and economy, academicians, environmentalists, tourists, and anyone interested in knowing the symbiotic relationship between tourism and development. \u0000Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the study lies in the hardness of finding such litterateurs, which are directly related to finding the symbiotic relations between tourism and development. The relations between the two are not one way or simple, there are many other factors like environment, externality, the spillover effect of government activities, etc. that affects the relationship. In this study, I tried to take all of this together to study the symbiotic relationship between tourism and development.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121834532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}