2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing最新文献

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Multiprocessor Scheduling of Precedence-constrained Mixed-Critical Jobs 优先级约束混合关键作业的多处理器调度
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.18
Dario Socci, P. Poplavko, S. Bensalem, M. Bozga
{"title":"Multiprocessor Scheduling of Precedence-constrained Mixed-Critical Jobs","authors":"Dario Socci, P. Poplavko, S. Bensalem, M. Bozga","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.18","url":null,"abstract":"The real-time system design targeting multiprocessor platforms leads to two important complications in real-time scheduling. First, to ensure deterministic processing by communicating tasks the scheduling has to consider precedence constraints. The second complication factor is mixed criticality, i.e., Integration upon a single platform of various subsystems where some are safety-critical (e.g., Car braking system) and the others are not (e.g., Car digital radio). Therefore we motivate and study the multiprocessor scheduling problem of a finite set of precedence-related mixed criticality jobs. This problem, to our knowledge, has never been studied if not under very specific assumptions. The main contribution of our work is an algorithm that, given a global fixed-priority assignment for jobs, can modify it in order to improve its schedulability for mixed-criticality setting. Our experiments show an increase of schedulable instances up to a maximum of 30% if compared to classical solutions for this category of scheduling problems.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125299408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Synthesizing Multirate Programs from IEC 61499 基于iec61499的多速率程序合成
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.26
L. Yoong, P. Roop
{"title":"Synthesizing Multirate Programs from IEC 61499","authors":"L. Yoong, P. Roop","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.26","url":null,"abstract":"IEC 61499 is a standard for designing industrial control systems using function blocks. Since its publication in 2005, several run-time environments have been developed as plausible implementations. Most of them, however, are poorly suited for use in safety-critical systems, as they are unable to guarantee deterministic behaviour and predictable timing. The use of different run-time environments results in subtle behavioural differences and complicates the effort of static timing analysis. We offer an alternative solution by leveraging the model-based approach to automatically synthesize multirate synchronous programs for a multitasking environment. Our approach preserves the well-known deterministic property of synchronous programs, while facilitating static timing analysis of IEC 61499 specifications. We achieve this without the need to introduce any foreign artefact to the standard. The schedulability criterion for tasks derived using our technique is given for the rate-monotonic scheduling policy. The viability of our approach is demonstrated through a code generator, which synthesizes multirate synchronous code for multi-task execution on the muC/OS-II real-time operating system.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Symbolic Test Case Generation of Compositional Real-Time Systems Driven by Interruptions 中断驱动组合实时系统的符号测试用例生成
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.38
A. Damasceno, Patricia D. L. Machado, W. Andrade, W. Torres
{"title":"Symbolic Test Case Generation of Compositional Real-Time Systems Driven by Interruptions","authors":"A. Damasceno, Patricia D. L. Machado, W. Andrade, W. Torres","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.38","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time systems are composed of subsystems that may communicate by means of interruptions. An interruption is an event that requires preemption of a resource held by an executing subsystem. This subsystem may resume its execution from the point where it stopped when interruption handling finishes its execution. Testing systems composed of interruptions is hard since interruptions may happen at different points of execution. This fact demands the tester to apply a systematic procedure to specify and perform testing of the interruption behavior at specific points of interest. In this paper, we propose a symbolic approach to generating interruption test cases from real-time system models. We define an interruption operator for a timed model along with its properties. An empirical study illustrates its applicability to test application level interruptions on an Android system.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124147593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hardware-Based Performance Enhancement Guaranteed Caches 基于硬件的性能增强保证缓存
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.11
Y. Huangfu, Wei Zhang
{"title":"Hardware-Based Performance Enhancement Guaranteed Caches","authors":"Y. Huangfu, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.11","url":null,"abstract":"Cache memories are widely used in microprocessors to improve the average-case memory performance. However, they are harmful to time predictability, and thus may not be desirable for real-time systems. In this paper, we make simple hardware extensions of a regular cache to implement the performance enhancement guaranteed cache (PEG-C). The PEG-C is totally controlled by hardware, which can automatically improve the average-case performance of real-time software with guaranteed and enhanced worst-case performance.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124692554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Schedule Synthesis for Time-Triggered Multi-hop Wireless Networks with Retransmissions 带重传的时间触发多跳无线网络的调度综合
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.24
J. Ro, P. Roop, Avinash Malik
{"title":"Schedule Synthesis for Time-Triggered Multi-hop Wireless Networks with Retransmissions","authors":"J. Ro, P. Roop, Avinash Malik","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.24","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless networks, a message is dropped unexpectedly due to the physical phenomena such as fading, thus requiring a number of backup retransmissions. However, retransmission (which is known to be probabilistic) is mostly disabled in the design of time-triggered communication by the precomputed schedule that reserves every transmission tightly. In this paper, we formally specify the scheduling constraints for a time-triggered wireless network to account for retransmissions in the schedule. We use analytic models of radio propagation to predict the number of retransmissions needed to achieve the desired probability of receiving a packet. Then, the schedule is generated by solving the scheduling constraints by using a Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solver. We verify the correctness of the resulting schedule to show that our constraints can produce a correct schedule. The performance of the schedule synthesis with different network sizes, topologies, and the number of transmissions are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126208001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Deterministic Scheduling in Network-on-Chip Using the Trajectory Approach 基于轨迹方法的片上网络确定性调度
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.25
Ermis Papastefanakis, Xiaoting Li, L. George
{"title":"Deterministic Scheduling in Network-on-Chip Using the Trajectory Approach","authors":"Ermis Papastefanakis, Xiaoting Li, L. George","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.25","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the problem of guaranteeing real-time end-to-end transmission time for flows sent on a Network-on-Chip (NoC) with First-in First-out (FIFO) scheduling on each node. We show how to adapt the Trajectory approach, used in the context of Avionics Full DupleX switched Ethernet (AFDX) networks to characterize end-to-end transmission delays, to the context of NoC-based Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). We characterize the benefit of the Trajectory approach on an example.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"1006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123109718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Timely Long Tail Identification through Agent Based Monitoring and Analytics 基于Agent的长尾监测与分析方法
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.39
P. Garraghan, Ouyang Xue, P. Townend, Jie Xu
{"title":"Timely Long Tail Identification through Agent Based Monitoring and Analytics","authors":"P. Garraghan, Ouyang Xue, P. Townend, Jie Xu","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.39","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing complexity and scale of distributed systems has resulted in the manifestation of emergent behavior which substantially affects overall system performance. A significant emergent property is that of the \"Long Tail\", whereby a small proportion of task stragglers significantly impact job execution completion times. To mitigate such behavior, straggling tasks occurring within the system need to be accurately identified in a timely manner. However, current approaches focus on mitigation rather than identification, which typically identify stragglers too late in the execution lifecycle. This paper presents a method and tool to identify Long Tail behavior within distributed systems in a timely manner, through a combination of online and offline analytics. This is achieved through historical analysis to profile and model task execution patterns, which then inform online analytic agents that monitor task execution at runtime. Furthermore, we provide an empirical analysis of two large-scale production Cloud data enters that demonstrate the challenge of data skew within modern distributed systems, this analysis shows that approximately 5% of task stragglers caused by data skew impact 50% of the total jobs for batch processes. Our results demonstrate that our approach is capable of identifying task stragglers less than 11% into their execution lifecycle with 98% accuracy, signifying significant improvement over current state-of-the-art practice and enables far more effective mitigation strategies in large-scale distributed systems worldwide.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115951484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
mruby on TECS: Component-Based Framework for Running Script Program mruby on TECS:运行脚本程序的基于组件的框架
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.42
Takuya Azumi, Yuki Nagahara, Hiroshi Oyama, N. Nishio
{"title":"mruby on TECS: Component-Based Framework for Running Script Program","authors":"Takuya Azumi, Yuki Nagahara, Hiroshi Oyama, N. Nishio","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.42","url":null,"abstract":"Scripting languages are attractive for embedded system due to their high productivity. However, it is difficult to use scripting languages in a practical application because their performance and libraries for managing embedded devices are immature compared to the C programming language. This paper proposes a framework for effectively running an mruby script program on embedded systems based on the TOPPERS Embedded Component System (TECS). TECS generates glue code for invocation from mruby programs to legacy code in C language. It also supports configuration of mruby. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123533258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Partial Validation of Configurations at Runtime 运行时配置的部分验证
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.22
Azadeh Jahanbanifar, F. Khendek, M. Toeroe
{"title":"Partial Validation of Configurations at Runtime","authors":"Azadeh Jahanbanifar, F. Khendek, M. Toeroe","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.22","url":null,"abstract":"A system configuration is a set of configuration entities, their relations and the rules the system should obey. At runtime the configuration may be modified to meet new requirements, in response to performance degradations, or due to upgrade. Such modifications should maintain the consistency of the configuration to avoid any malfunction and service outage. Thus there is a need for runtime validation, which checks the modifications against the consistency rules of the system. This runtime validation should not only check the correctness of the modifications w.r.t. The consistency rules but it should also impose a minimal overhead especially in case of real-time and highly available systems. In this paper we introduce a partial validation approach for checking the system configuration consistency at runtime. Our approach is model based and uses UML profiles and OCL constraints.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
State-Based Real-Time Analysis for Function Networks and Marte 基于状态的功能网络和市场实时分析
2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2015.41
Tayfun Gezgin, Raphael Weber, Matthias Büker
{"title":"State-Based Real-Time Analysis for Function Networks and Marte","authors":"Tayfun Gezgin, Raphael Weber, Matthias Büker","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2015.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2015.41","url":null,"abstract":"State-based real-time scheduling analyses offer a high accuracy especially for chains of functions. In this work we extend our state-based approach to also support complex activation behavior of the functions. Additionally, we use standard modeling techniques and well defined formalisms to foster the applicability and usability of our scheduling analysis. In our approach we use M ARTE to model the underlying architecture of a system consisting of embedded control units and bus systems. For timing requirements we use the requirement specification language RSL. In order to model complex activation patterns and internal states, we use an extended task network formalism called function networks. Our approach is evaluated with an industrial driver assistance system case study.","PeriodicalId":294446,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132436652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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