Review of European Administrative Law最新文献

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One and Triune – Mutual Recognition and the Circulation of Goods in the EU 一体与三位一体——欧盟内部的相互承认与商品流通
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.7590/187479820x16007576818771
Luca De Lucia
{"title":"One and Triune – Mutual Recognition and the Circulation of Goods in the EU","authors":"Luca De Lucia","doi":"10.7590/187479820x16007576818771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820x16007576818771","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with mutual recognition in relation to the free movement of goods and aims to demonstrate that, as a result of harmonisation policies, this principle is not unitary in its design. Focusing in particular on the role of national authorities (or that of other bodies\u0000 that carry out this same function), it examines three models through which mutual recognition operates. These models are: a) mutual recognition under the Treaty (the European legislator has laid down three different regulations over the years to facilitate the functioning of this mechanism);\u0000 b) transnational administrative authorisations; c) conformity assessments and certifications of conformity issued by notified bodies. This article first highlights how these models protect the free circulation of goods to varying extents and how they are aimed at coordinating different forms\u0000 of pluralism: regulatory, administrative and that of the market. Two legislative developments regarding this subject are then briefly discussed. Finally, after having mentioned some consequences of the harmonisation legislation on the principle of mutual recognition, some observations are\u0000 made about possible research developments in this matter.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The precautionary principle and the burden and standard of proof in European and Dutch environmental law 欧洲和荷兰环境法中的预防原则与举证责任和标准
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852274
R. Kegge
{"title":"The precautionary principle and the burden and standard of proof in European and Dutch environmental law","authors":"R. Kegge","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852274","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers an analysis of the application of the precautionary principle by European courts and the highest Dutch administrative courts in environmental cases. The precautionary principle is one of the leading principles in EU environmental law, but it has no unequivocal meaning.\u0000 This makes the principle difficult to apply and the allocation of the burden of proof and the level of standard of proof complex matters. In the context of the allocation of the burden of proof, it is essential to make the distinction between the precautionary principle invoked as an obligation\u0000 or a justification for protective measures. A realistic level of standard of proof is also essential. Without a fair allocation of the burden of proof and a realistic level of standard of proof, either the authorities or the appellants may be exposed to unequal procedural positions and unsolvable\u0000 evidentiary problems. Analysis of the case law leads to the conclusion that the principle sometimes is misapplied by the Dutch administrative courts.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Duty of Care in EU Public Law – A Principle Between Discretion and Proportionality 欧盟公法中的注意义务——自由裁量权与相称性之间的原则
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852265
H. Hofmann
{"title":"The Duty of Care in EU Public Law – A Principle Between Discretion and Proportionality","authors":"H. Hofmann","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852265","url":null,"abstract":"This article concentrates on the 'duty of care' or 'diligence', a principle that has become ubiquitous in CJEU case law due to its central role in calibrating the intensity of judicial review of EU acts on the legislative, regulatory and single-case decision-making levels. This article\u0000 explores the development of the principle and critically reviews its use as well as whether it actually achieves the demands placed on it. The article further examines the tools developed and the emergence of the duty of care as a principle conferring individual rights in various procedural\u0000 contexts. The article describes how the duty of care has become a central link between on the one hand, a separation of powers-inspired respect for discretion of the institutions and bodies of the EU and, on the other hand, ensuring a rule of law based effective review of the legality of acts\u0000 – a central feature in the EU specific approach to developing proportionality.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123940628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Europeanisation of Spanish Administrative Law through the Principle of Legitimate Expectations 从合法期望原则看西班牙行政法的欧洲化
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3679986
Luis Arroyo Jiménez, Gabriel Doménech Pascual
{"title":"The Europeanisation of Spanish Administrative Law through the Principle of Legitimate Expectations","authors":"Luis Arroyo Jiménez, Gabriel Doménech Pascual","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679986","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the Europeanisation of Spanish administrative law as a result of the influence of the EU law general principle of legitimate expectations. It examines, firstly, whether the formal incorporation of the principle of legitimate expectations into national legislation\u0000 and case law has modified the substance of the latter, and if so, secondly, whether this has led to a weaker or a more robust protection of the legal status quo. To carry out that examination, the article considers the influence of the principle of legitimate expectations in two different\u0000 areas: in individual administrative decision-making, and in legislative and administrative rulemaking. Our conclusion is that the Europeanisation of Spanish administrative law through the principle of legitimate expectations has been variable and ambiguous.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115735691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effective Judicial Protection: some recent developments – moving to the essence 有效的司法保护:最近的一些发展-走向本质
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852319
S. Prechal
{"title":"Effective Judicial Protection: some recent developments – moving to the essence","authors":"S. Prechal","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852319","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks briefly into the evolution of the principle of effective judicial protection in EU law and into the relationship between the different manifestations of that principle, which is by now given expression in Article 47 CFR, Article 19 TEU and various provisions of secondary\u0000 law. Next, it focusses on recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, which concern two central aspects of the principle of effective judicial protection: the compliance with court judgments and the independence of the judiciary. As far as the first topic is concerned,\u0000 two rather extreme cases addressed the issue what should be done, as a matter of EU law, in situations where a public authority refuses to comply with a final judicial decision. Then the article continues by discussing the independence of the judiciary as a key rationale for the principle\u0000 of effective protection. In particular, it summarizes the increasingly detailed requirements to be satisfied in order to protect the independence of judges and indicates how an alleged lack of independence should be assessed in a concrete case.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127880913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Finding a balance between equal treatment, transparency, and legal certainty when allocating scarce authorisations 在分配稀缺授权时,在平等待遇、透明度和法律确定性之间找到平衡
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852201
A. Drahmann
{"title":"Finding a balance between equal treatment, transparency, and legal certainty when allocating scarce authorisations","authors":"A. Drahmann","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852201","url":null,"abstract":"The Dutch Council of State recently ruled that potential applicants should have the right to compete in a transparent procedure when scarce authorisations are allocated. This right to compete is based on the Dutch principle of equality, and is inspired by the European principles of\u0000 equal treatment and transparency. Until this ruling, most scarce authorisations in the Netherlands were granted for an indefinite period of time, with no transparent allocation procedure. The question which follows is: should these scarce authorisations be withdrawn, or would this be contrary\u0000 to the principle of legal certainty? By looking at the definition of a scarce authorisation and the development of the principles under EU, ECHR and Dutch case law, I conclude that competent authorities are allowed to withdraw the old scarce authorisations ex officio after a transitional period\u0000 or payment of compensation. However, in my opinion, competent authorities are not obliged to withdraw old scarce authorisations, since old scarce authorisations cannot be amended substantially and therefore will become available in due time. In this way, old scarce authorisations remain intact\u0000 for a longer period of time and, therefore, the infringement of the right of property is reduced. In other words, in the end, competent authorities should be allowed to decide what the best option is: either (1) withdrawing the authorisations ex officio after a transitional period or payment\u0000 of compensation or (2) awaiting a request to amend the authorisation – with due regard to the circumstances of the case.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134514613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Principle of Proportionality and The Principle of Reasonableness 比例原则与合理性原则
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852292
Filippo Borriello
{"title":"Principle of Proportionality and The Principle of Reasonableness","authors":"Filippo Borriello","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852292","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines a principle of particular relevance for administrative action and the concept of good administration, namely the principle of reasonableness, at the EU level, from the point of view of the Italian administrative doctrine, and jurisprudence of the Council of State.\u0000 Specific attention will be paid to the many faces and functions of reasonableness, in administrative proceeding as well as in judicial review of discretion, and its connection with the idea of proportionality. Moreover, this article will discuss the influence and effects of the application\u0000 of general principles of EU law on the Italian legal order. Finally, it will describe the EU principle of reasonableness has influenced the Italian administrative (case) law. This article aims to show that on the one hand the European principles of reasonableness and proportionality seem to\u0000 be smoothly absorbed in the Italian administrative case law; on the other, the Europeanisation process still encounters resistance from a part of the Italian doctrine that persists in categorizing reasonableness as a principle different from proportionality.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127265708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Europeanisation of the Proportionality Principle in Denmark, Finland and Sweden 比例原则在丹麦、芬兰和瑞典的欧洲化
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852283
Henrik Wenander
{"title":"Europeanisation of the Proportionality Principle in Denmark, Finland and Sweden","authors":"Henrik Wenander","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852283","url":null,"abstract":"Under the influence of EU law and the ECHR, proportionality has developed into a central feature of contemporary European administrative law, at both national and Union level. The article examines this development with respect to the three EU Member States, namely Denmark, Finland,\u0000 and Sweden. These Nordic legal systems share certain fundamental conceptions of law, such as: the limited importance of legal formalities and the associated 'pragmatism'; the more limited role of all-embracing legal principles; and the central role of and trust in the legislator. These Nordic\u0000 experiences may therefore differ from both continental ('civil law') and Anglo-Saxon ('common law') attitudes to proportionality, and may contribute to the bigger picture of some features of the Europeanisation phenomenon. The main question for the article is how the principle of proportionality\u0000 in administrative law has developed and responded to this European influence in the three states.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114679602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The general principles of EU law and the Europeanisation of national laws 欧盟法律的一般原则和国家法律的欧洲化
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15930701852193
T. Tridimas
{"title":"The general principles of EU law and the Europeanisation of national laws","authors":"T. Tridimas","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15930701852193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15930701852193","url":null,"abstract":"Although the ECJ has used general principles of law as a source of rights and obligations from an early stage in the development of EU law, key issues regarding their definition, nature and role as a source of law remain unresolved. How can they be identified? What is their normative\u0000 basis? Are there rules determining priorities among them and how do they relate to Charter rights? How has their role evolved? Diverse and often bewildering judicial terminology serves to obfuscate the role of principles which, in terms of positive law, stand at the apex of the EU law edifice.\u0000 This article seeks to revisit some of those questions. It explores the meaning of 'Europeanisation; it attempts a typology of general principles; it seeks to identify their normative basis; and assesses their role both as generators of jus communae and as a source of constitutional conflict.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131804231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ensuring effective judicial protection in case of ECB decisions based on national law 确保在欧洲央行根据国家法律作出决定的情况下提供有效的司法保护
Review of European Administrative Law Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.7590/187479820X15881424928381
Enrico Gagliardi, L. Wissink
{"title":"Ensuring effective judicial protection in case of ECB decisions based on national law","authors":"Enrico Gagliardi, L. Wissink","doi":"10.7590/187479820X15881424928381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7590/187479820X15881424928381","url":null,"abstract":"The centralization of the prudential banking supervision within the EU has been organized via the Single Supervisory Mechanism, through a mechanism existing of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national supervisors, and embedded in the composite legal order within the EU. The said mechanism required some innovative solutions to ensure effective supervision, including the obligation for the ECB, laid down in Article 4(3) of the SSM Regulation, to apply national law transposing the relevant directives. As a result of this novelty under Union law, the CJEU is facing actions brought before it against ECB decisions based on national law. Therefore, in its review national law is to be assessed as a question of law. The central question in this research is how effective judicial protection can be ensured by the CJEU in such case, considering the limitations to the CJEU’s jurisdiction with respect to national law. The article starts with discussing the recent cases in which the CJEU was asked to review ECB decisions based on national law (Joined Cases C-152/18 P and C-153/18 P Credit mutuel Arkea v ECB & Joined Cases T-133/16 to T-136/16 Caisse regionale de credit agricole mutuel Alpes Provence v ECB), and the legal questions that remain unanswered in this respect. It then explores the CJEU’s approach vis-a-vis national law in other types of legal proceedings. The lessons learned from the latter analysis is subsequently discussed, as well as new ideas to ensure a more effective judicial protection of national law, on which ECB decisions are based, before the CJEU.","PeriodicalId":294114,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Administrative Law","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131715231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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