{"title":"Animation of calculated SAW propagation fields under periodic grating structures","authors":"K. Hashimoto, T. Omori, M. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the animation of calculated surface acoustic wave fields under a periodic metallic grating. The calculated data of the field distribution are animated by displaying them successively at a specific time interval. This sort of functions helps us to visually understand SAW scattering process and may reveal physics underlying the scattering process. Because of the rapid progress in computer technologies, low-end personal computers are now sufficient to display the animation.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130667587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grooved AT-cut quartz plate","authors":"I. Akio","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887392","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of grooves on the coupled vibrations of AT-cut quartz plates is analyzed by using two-dimensional equations of motion. I calculate the frequency spectra and vibrational patterns and investigate the optimal design parameters (i.e. depth, width, and position of grooves).","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132860364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jefferts, D. Meekhof, J. Shirley, M. Stepanovic, T. Parker
{"title":"Accuracy results from NIST-F1 laser-cooled cesium primary frequency standard","authors":"S. Jefferts, D. Meekhof, J. Shirley, M. Stepanovic, T. Parker","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887443","url":null,"abstract":"Since November 1998, we have performed six frequency evaluations of NIST-F1. The results from the last two of these evaluations have been reported to the BIPM for inclusion in TAI. This fountain is presently one of two cesium fountains in the world used in the generation of TAI. This paper presents an overview of the evaluation process and a brief description of the four systematic biases for which the fountain is corrected: blackbody frequency shift, gravitational redshift, second-order Zeeman shift and spin-exchange shift. A large list of other possible shifts which have been studied and found to be negligible are discussed in less detail.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128850330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency scales generated from carrier-phase GPS data","authors":"K. Senior, D. Matsakis, L. Breakiron","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887427","url":null,"abstract":"The calibrated carrier-phase GPS technique promises time transfer between remote sites with 5-minute precision approaching 20 ps. Uncalibrated time transfers between many sites are routinely made available by the Earth Orientation Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO). Although important technical issues involving long-term accuracy and calibration are still being resolved, it is possible to generate sample time and frequency scales so as to anticipate the full power of the technique. Using minor extensions of the USNO's postprocessed extended-Percival algorithm SuperP (1998), a carrier-phase-based frequency scale is generated and compared to local USNO timescales.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"49 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Koyama, H. Matsuura, K. Atsumi, K. Nakamuta, M. Sakai, I. Maruyama
{"title":"An ultra-miniature rubidium frequency standard","authors":"Y. Koyama, H. Matsuura, K. Atsumi, K. Nakamuta, M. Sakai, I. Maruyama","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887439","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-miniature, general-purpose rubidium gas cell frequency standard with a two-cell scheme has been successfully developed, with the aim of developing one of the smallest atomic frequency standards in the world. The target volume of the new rubidium frequency standard is less than 100 cm/sup 3/. It is assumed that the shape of oscillator enables to mount on a printed circuit board. In order to miniaturize the volume and height, the physics package is made small. Because the frequency of the cavity resonator is 6.834 GHz and the resonator mode is TE/sub 111/, the inside diameter of the cavity needs to be 26 mm. To reduce the inside diameter, a new cavity resonator, which contains a dielectric material, has been developed. As a result, an inside diameter of 16 mm and a capacity of 6.7 cm/sup 3/ are achieved. The total size of the physics package, which contains a rubidium-lamp exciter, a preamplifier, and a single magnetic shield of mumetal, is reduced to 25 cm/sup 3/. By applying the PLL method, instead of the conventional frequency multiplier for a high frequency circuit that generates resonance frequency of 6.834 GHz from a slave oscillator, the size and cost of the circuit are minimized. As for the reduction of the power consumption, a new switching regulator IC is adopted in the power circuit. In addition, with the use of DDS, it enables to set the output frequency within the range of 1 to 15 MHz. Because of these features, the new rubidium frequency standard is extremely small in volume (95 cm/sup 3/), and lightweight (180 grams).","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131370672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lagrangian temperature coefficients of the piezoelectric stress constants and dielectric permittivity of quartz","authors":"Y. Yong, Wu Wei","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887383","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric, Lagrangian equations for the frequency-temperature behavior of quartz are presented. From the solutions of the third order temperature perturbations of these Lagrangian equations for the thickness resonances of infinite quartz plates with air-gap electrodes, regression equations for determining the temperature derivatives of elastic constants, piezoelectric constants and dielectric permittivities am developed. By using these regression equations, and the measured data on temperature coefficients of frequency by Bechmann, Ballato and Lukaszek [1962] for doubly rotated cuts, the first, second, and third temperature derivatives of elastic constants, piezoelectric constants and dielectric permittivities are obtained. The second and third temperature derivatives of the piezoelectric constants and dielectric permittivities were not available in the literature and are published here for the first time. These temperature derivatives will provide a more accurate map of the temperature stable cuts for bulk wave and surface acoustic wave quartz resonators.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133679123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of a few piezoelectric gyroscopes","authors":"J.S. Yang, H. Fang, Q. Jiang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887333","url":null,"abstract":"One-dimensional equations for a piezoelectric ring, one-dimensional equations for a piezoelectric beam, and two-dimensional equations for piezoelectric shells are used in the study of a circular ring piezoelectric gyroscope in coupled extensional and flexural vibrations, a beam bimorph gyroscope in flexural vibrations, and a circular cylindrical shell gyroscope in radial and torsional vibrations. Analytical analyses are performed. Free and forced vibration solutions are obtained. Resonant frequencies, voltage sensing signals and their dependence on the driving frequency, rotation rate, impedance of the output circuit and material damping are examined. The results obtained are fundamental to the understanding of these gyroscopes and are useful in their design optimization.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Tjoelker, S. Chung, W. Diener, A. Kirk, L. Maleki, J. Prestage, B. Young
{"title":"Nitrogen buffer gas experiments in mercury trapped ion frequency standards","authors":"R. Tjoelker, S. Chung, W. Diener, A. Kirk, L. Maleki, J. Prestage, B. Young","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887434","url":null,"abstract":"Practical, continuous operating mercury trapped ion frequency standards have traditionally used a helium buffer gas to increase loading efficiency and cool ions to near room temperature. The fractional frequency shift of the 40,507,347.9968x Hz clock transition due to collisions with helium is measured to be (df/dP/sub He/)(1/f)=+1.2/spl times/10/sup -10//Pa. The use of a nitrogen buffer gas is considered for low power and mass applications where unattended operational life must be greater than 10 years. The nitrogen pressure shift is measured to be (df/dP/sub N2/)(1/f)=-8.7/spl times/10/sup -9//Pa. Nitrogen would allow long operation with a only small ion pump but require increased pressure regulation to achieve the ultra-high stability obtained using helium in multipole Hg+ standards.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116744308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of device low frequency noise in 28 GHz MMIC VCO","authors":"R. Kozhuharov, P. Sakalas, H. Zirath","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887416","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the LF noise spectra for 0.2 /spl mu/m gate length GaAs HEMTs based on a combined enhancement/depletion process manufactured by Philips Microwave Limeil ED02AH. The LF noise is used for an extended large signal model of the transistor implemented in a 28 GHz MMIC VCO. Flicker noise and g-r related noise are included in the phase noise simulation and thus the oscillator phase noise calculations, considering the all important LF noise contributions, are taken into account. The results show that the LF noise (1 kHz -100 kHz) being upconverted controls the phase noise performance of AlGaAs-GaAs HEMT oscillators.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116091435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. A. Dorogovin, S. Stepanov, G. Semenkovich, A.B. Doubovski, I. Philippov, Yu.P. Buglov, G. V. Danilova
{"title":"Homogeneity of elastic properties of lanthanum gallium silicate crystals","authors":"B. A. Dorogovin, S. Stepanov, G. Semenkovich, A.B. Doubovski, I. Philippov, Yu.P. Buglov, G. V. Danilova","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887353","url":null,"abstract":"The ample prospects of growing the crystals of langasite family with diameter up to 85 mm have not been realized completely because of the absence of effective crystal quality testing methods. Efforts of researchers have largely concentrated on the development of concrete components for piezoelectric technique and acoustic electronics. But at serial production of the devices the manufacturers constantly collide the problems of the properties non-uniformity in a bulk of a crystal (repeatability of parameters) and a spread in technical parameters when the crystals from different suppliers are used. These phenomena are connected with the fact that the properties of langasite crystals change considerably depending on initial chemical components purity, technology of crystalline blend preparation and growth conditions. Using the method for testing the properties uniformity will speed up the development of langasite growth technology and will ensure the release of the items on the basis of this mineral on an industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122717688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}