BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)最新文献

{"title":"TRACE ELEMENTS’ POLLUTION ASSESSMENT IN VEGETABLES FROM IRRIGATION AREAS OF DADIN KOWA DAM, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"A. A, S. H, B. A. D, A. A","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.64","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are part of a healthy and important diets to human being, but they could be contaminated in many ways: through irrigation, atmospheric deposit and some human activities. This work is aimed at assessing heavy metal concentrations in some vegetables in the irrigation area of Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State Nigeria. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) was used for the detection for spectral analysis. The vegetable samples were cultivated and harvested locally between October, 2019 to January, 2020. After which the edible vegetables (onion bulb and cabbage leaf) samples were harvested at maturity and collected along transect lines within the farms. The vegetable samples were prepared and taken to the laboratory for the analysis. The following metals mean concentrations were obtained in onion and cabbage samples respectively (Values in part per millions (ppm)): Mo (9.582 and 9.880), Zr(5.523 and 4.778), Sr(21.780 and 30.732), Rb(9.139 and 17.228), Zn(26.866 and14.576), Cu(24.466 and NA), Fe(83.265 and 61.925), Ti(30.604 and 24.075), Ca(15752.460 and 2736.190), K(15076.784 and 29039.254), Ba(969067.123 and 961907.100) and Nb(10.512 and 9.929). The obtained results were interpreted using Transfer factor, Daily intake of metals and Geo-accumulation index. It was found out that in vegetables, the element with highest transferfactor (TF) observed in onion is Ca while Zr, Sr, Rb, Cu, Ti, Fe, and Nb had virtually less than one transfer factor. In the case of cabbage Zn happened to have the highest TF. Daily intake inonion, almost all the elements were below the tolerable limits of 77ppm except Nb which is within the limit 0.2 ppm as stated by FAO/WHO. In Geo-accumulation index, only Mo was extremely polluted because is greater than five Muller, (1969). Mo, Zr, Sr, Rb, Zn, Fe, Ti, and Cu were found to be below the reported standard limits. Ca, K and Ba in both vegetables were found to be higher than recommended limits but they are reported to be relatively harmless. Significant correlation was found for most of the elements determined. However, in vegetables, at α = 0.05 some of the metals Fe with Cu, Ca with Zn have shown positive correlation while Zn with Rb and Ca with Rb, showed negative correlation. At α = 0.01, K with Rb, Ti with Cu and Ti with Fe showed positive correlation while Ba with K are negatively correlated. The vegetables under study in Dadin Kowa Dam irrigation area showed relatively law state of pollution for most of the elements determined.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114471305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION EFFICIENCY OF Mangifera indica MEDIATED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES","authors":"Solomon ALMANTO MAMURU, Aisha UMAR HAROON, Saminu HAMMAN BARAU","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.47","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using biological entities proven to be environmentally friendly against the physical and chemical method, the use of these metal nanoparticles as catalyst in the treatment of wastewater have also shown a lot of advantage against other techniques. In this research zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using aqueous leave extract of Mangifera indica, through a one-step synthesis protocol, results obtained from the UV-visible spectroscopy shows that the nanoparticles absorb light at 297 nm, while the scanning electron microscope reveals the morphology of the particles as flat sheet and highly agglomerated having 51.53 nm as the size from the X-ray diffraction. The FTIR spectroscopy reveals functional group of alcohol, amides, alkane, alkanes, amines, ethers Ar-O-R, alkenes, alkanes, as possible groups that may be responsible for the reduction of metal salt to metal oxide nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of the nanoparticles in the degradation of Congo red dye increases with increase in catalyst loading with the apparent kinetic rate constant, kapp as 8.8 x 10-2 min-1, 6.6 x 10-2 min-1, and 5.7 x 10-2 min-1 for 1 mg, 2 mg and 3 mg, respectively, suggesting that the nanoparticle has potential in the degradation of Congo red dye.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128426834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD IN EVALUATION OF AQUIFER PROTECTIVE CAPACITY AND SOIL CORROSIVITY: A CASE STUDY OF WAJARI AND ENVIRONS, NORTHEASTERN, NIGERIA","authors":"A. Yusuf, H. Haruna, R. P. Tabale, S. Mukkafa, I. A. Kwami","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.67","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical resistivity technique was deployed in the study of extent of corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity (APC) or aquifer vulnerability of the overburden units around Wajari and environs, north eastern Nigeria. The objectives of this research includes; outlining areas that have high susceptibility to groundwater pollution from surface pollutants and subsurface soils that could be corrosive to buried metal pipes. Twelve (12) vertical electrical sounding (VES) locations were studied using electrode spreads of AB/2 equals to 80 m. OHMEGA Terrameter was deployed to acquire the data by employing Schlumberger array method. The analysis (interpretations) of the results were assisted by employing Win-Resist, Microsoft- Excel and surfer-13 Software The resistivity data interpretation revealed 4 geo-electric layers and the generated distribution curves are of type A, H, K, HK, and QQ. The measured thickness of the overburden lithologic units are in the range of 0.396 m to 27.2 m, with an average value of5.407m. The longitudinal conductance of the overburden geologic units are in the range of 0.0199 mhos to 3934 mhos. VES 04 of the current study showed quite high topsoil resistivity signatures which is virtually non-corrosive (VNC). However, VES 08, 09 and 10 have moderate corrosivity and VES 01, 02, 03, 05, 06, 07, 11 and 12 are slightly corrosive. Five noticeable aquifer protective capacity zones were demarcated, on the basis of the obtained values of longitudinal conductance; namely poor (VES 03, 04, 05 and 08), weak (VES 01, 07 and 10), moderate (VES 02 and 06), very good (VES 09) and excellent (VES 11 and 12). VES 01, 03, 04,05, 07, 08 and 10 of the research area could be susceptible to surface pollution whereas, VES02, 06, 09, 11, and 12 might not be susceptible to pollution due to the variation in the APC. Therefore, considering the planned siting of industrial park along this area (Gombe - Dadin Kowa route) by the Government of Gombe State. The results of this research shall form parts of the technical issues to be considered for groundwater, industrial, and infrastructural development planning of the area","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125644798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT HADEJIA-JAMAARE-KOMADUGU- YOBE BASIN, NIGERIA","authors":"T. A. G, G. M. L., M. A, A. N. A.N.","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.51","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of the processes that control groundwater quality is significant for the sustainable development of water resources. Groundwater samples collected from the study area were appropriately analyzed in the laboratory. The study approach employed the use of multivariate statistical tools; Principal component and cluster analyses on the data, in order to understand the groundwater condition of the area, with a view to the concentration of different parameters in the water and other factors controlling the groundwater quality. Based on the Eigen value-one criterion, eleven (11) components were chosen after Varimax rotation. The first Varimax factor (VF1) contained strong factor loadings on Pb, Mo, Cd and Ni which account for 15.404%variance of the water quality data. The 2nd Varimax factor (VF2) has strong loadings on Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), Cl and Temperature, with a variance of 14.068%. The 11 Varimax factors explained 81.91% of the variability of the water quality data. The strong loading for Pb, Mo and Cd could be due to industrial effluents. While the high loading for EC, TDS and Cl could be due to salinity build up in the area as a result of the intensive agricultural activities. These results suggest the possibility of effects of anthropogenic activities; industrial effluents and intensive application of agro-chemicals. There is need forproper discharge of industrial effluents and application of agro-chemicals.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130377674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF Capsicum annum L. EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN","authors":"A. I. S, U. A. A, DURU, C. M, A. Z. A, U. A. M, A. M","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.44","url":null,"abstract":"Rain is inherently acidic, human anthropogenic activities including pollution from homes, companies, power plants, and car vehicles, which result in the release of molecules like Carbon dioxide, Nitric dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide, are making it more and more acidic. The screen house experiment was undertaken to assess how acid rain affects plants. In the lab, to create acid rain concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) were mixed in a 2:1 ratio. The desired pH level was measured using a Duplex pH meter. The plant was simulated with acid rain (pH 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and control 5.6) every three days for six weeks. ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis. The significance of the mean difference was assessed using Ducan's multiple-range tests. With increasing pH levels, plant height (FPepper = 63.835), leaf area (FPepper =60.965), stem girth (FPepper =39.3), the number of leaves (FPepper =34.265), relative growth rate (FPepper = 40.646), and chlorophyll content (FPepper = 4.6029, 7.8154, 36.746) decreased considerably (p<0.001). These findings advance our knowledge of how acid rain impacts urbanvegetation and serves as a warning to limit acid rain production","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134552162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENT OF N-BUTANOL SEED EXTRACT OF Azadirachta indica","authors":"M. M., M. M, M. J. T, U. M. T.","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.49","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of the seed powdered material of Azadirachta indica followed by an extensive column chromatography of the n-butanol portion on silica gel, purification over sephadex LH20 and subsequently HPTLC resulted in to the isolation of a pale yellowish solid coded as compound MND. The isolated bioactive constituent was found to have mp of 222-224oC. The structure was elucidated using a combination of 500 MHZ and 125MHZ 1-D and 2-D NMR techniques (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, DEPT and HMBC). Thus, the isolate (MND) was determined as 4a, 7 – dihydroxy – 7 – methyl – 1 – (3, 4, 5 – trihydroxy – 6– hydro methyl – tetrahydropyran – 2 – yloxy) – 1 -, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 7a, hexahydro – cyclopenta [C] pyran – 4 – carboxylic acid methyl ester (Ipolamiide). The Antimicrobial properties of the compound MND and partition portion of the extracts were tested against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. vulgari, P.aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. typhi, P. digitatum, C. albicans and P. nototum. The antimicrobial sensitivity test indicated that various partition portion of the extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus , S. pyogenes P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhi, K. pneumoniaer, P. digitatum, C. albicans and P. nototum with 42mm, 38mm, 31mm, 29mm, 22mm, 30mm, 26mm, 27mm , 21mm and 20 mm while the highest activity of the isolate (MND) was exhibited against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. typhi with 42 mm, 38 mm, 31mm and 39mm respectively.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130997545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES OF GWANDUM, SHONGOM LGA OF GOMBE STATE","authors":"J. Jacob, E. Micah","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.39","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we obtained an in-depth ethnobotanical studies in some selected rural communities of Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State to close this knowledge gap. Information was obtained from 98 individuals through interviews using semi-structured questionnaire and group discussions, supplemented with field observations. A total of 34 ethnobotanically important plant species belonging to 18 families (92% indigenous and 8% exotics) mostly from the Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae, and Moraceae  were documented. These plant species were mainly utilized for food, medicine, fodder, construction and fencing purposes. Significantly used species were Moringa oleifera (Linn), Adansonia digitata, Ficus thonningii, Anogeissusleio carpus, Dioscorea Spp, Parkia biglobosa and Mangifera indica. Only 25 (%) of the species reported had their statusassessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Local social beliefs, taboos, fines as well as traditional rules and regulation are in place to aid the management of communal resources. However, a significant number (62%) of participants mentioned that they were not pleased with the rule and regulations. This study concluded that plant resourcesstill play a crucial role in rural villages of Shongom Local Government Area. Furthermore, for utilization and effective long-term conservation of these plant species, government implemented conservation measure alongside awareness creation are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132356278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A REVIEW ON AUTHENTICATION AND PRIVACY PROTECTION SCHEMES IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS (VANETS)","authors":"Idris LAWAL BAGIWA, Abubakar Aminu Mu'azu, Musa AHMED ZAYYAD","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.61","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a sort of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that is designed based on moving vehicles, which are referred to as nodes. The nodes communicate with one another wirelessly, without the need for a network infrastructure that physically connects them. Once the network design has changed, nodes are free to migrate in whatever direction they want as long as the nodes are available to move in that direction. As a result, each node acts as a router, sending traffic to the nodes to which it has been directed. VANET’ popularity however brings with it a variety of issues, including security, routing, and data dissemination. Many solutions have already been presented by different researchers to address these issues, but due tothe constant emergence of new threats and attacks, privacy of users must be prioritized above all in VANET. Consequently, a review of authentication, privacy and security solutions presented in different researches have been discussed in this paper, as well as the security services they have studied which were centered towards Authentication, Confidentiality, Availability, and Integrity. In this paper, 10 most relevant schemes were analysed and the result shows that privacy challenges and high computation overhead which causes transmission delays and adds a difficult verification process to VANET communications was the major challenge affecting the VANETs.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"2677 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS OF ACACIA NILOTICA POD","authors":"Abdullahi TANIMU BINDAWA, Safiyanu ADAMU LAME, Shamsiya MUHAMMAD UMAR","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.52","url":null,"abstract":"Acacia nilotica is also known as Gum Arabic tree, Babul, Egyptian thorn, or Prickly Acacia is multipurpose nitrogen fixing legume tree. The aim of this work was to determine the phytochemical constituent and antioxidants vitamins of Acacia nilotica pod. The Acacia nilotica were obtained from Dange Shuni and the pod was also obtained by removing the seeds. They were properly screened and identified by Botanist in the herbarium of botany unit, biological science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. 5g of the sample with 100ml of distilled waterwas soaked overnight and filtered to obtain the filtrate (extract). The samples were analyzed using spectrophotometer. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Cardiac glycosides, Steroids, Glycosides, Balsam and Volatile oils. However, anthraquinones were not detected. The quantitative result showed Alkaloids to be (15.9 ± 0.31), Flavonoids (3.8 ± 1.22), Tannins (0.1077 ± 0.00058), Steroids (0.073 ± 0.00038) and Glycosides (5.77 ± 0.015). The antioxidant vitamins analyzed showed vitamin C concentration to be (2.3018±0.0017), vitamin E (329.9 ± 0.20) and vitamin A equivalent (84.72 ± 0.39). This shows that A. nilotica pod is rich in Phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128127332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Zingiber officinale AND Syzygium aromaticum ON BACTERIA PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM KUNUN-AYA","authors":"Muhammed Hanifa, B. Aminu, Akawu HUSSEINI JOSHUA","doi":"10.56892/bima.v6i03.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.42","url":null,"abstract":"The increased use of antibiotics in agricultural practices is accompanied with the development of resistant foodborne pathogens. Spices and herbs have been reported to be potent source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) against bacterial food pathogens. Fresh ginger andclove were collected, identified, air dried and extracted the bioactive compound using distilled water. The extract was used for phytochemical analysis of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and total phenols and determination of inhibition zone. Bacteria and fungi were isolated and identified from locally prepared Pap (Kunun aya) and later used for theantimicrobial analyses. Phytochemical screening shows clove contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and total phenols whereas glycosides and tannins were absent in ginger. Ginger has more antibacterial activity with the highest zone of inhibition observed in E coli at 16.73mm at 2000µg and the lowest in Salmonella at 13.83mm at 2000µg, clove also shows antibacterial activity with the highest zone of inhibition (14.8mm) in S. aureus at 2000µg and the lowest 11.5mm in E. coli at 2000µg. Thus, from the result obtained, it can be concluded that Zingiber officinale and Syzygium aromaticum extracts possesses effective antimicrobial agents against food pathogens.","PeriodicalId":292938,"journal":{"name":"BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}