UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences最新文献

In Vitro Treg Immunosuppression Assay of GITR Proteins Could Elucidate the Autoimmune-mediated Mechanism Underlying Type 1 Narcolepsy GITR蛋白的体外Treg免疫抑制实验可以阐明1型发作性睡的自身免疫介导机制

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34611

Yiyun Cheng, Marie A. Gadziola

{"title":"In Vitro Treg Immunosuppression Assay of GITR Proteins Could Elucidate the Autoimmune-mediated Mechanism Underlying Type 1 Narcolepsy","authors":"Yiyun Cheng, Marie A. Gadziola","doi":"10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34611","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Type 1 narcolepsy is a hypersomnia sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleep and shallow NREM nighttime sleep. Deficiency of hypocretin-1 secreting neurons in the lateral hypothalamus is the primary cause of the disorder and studies demonstrated that these neurons were solely diminished in a brain region of remarkable heterogeneous neuronal population. Specific destruction of targeted neurons could be achieved via antigen presentation to immune cells, a characteristic of cell-mediated response in the adaptive immune system. Given that hypocretin-1 neurons were exclusively targeted, this cultivated significant interest in searching for an autoimmune-mediated mechanism but studies currently lack adequate knowledge and consistent results. In this research proposal, it is hypothesized that enhanced glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein expression in T regulatory (Treg) cells results in defective suppression capacity of CD4+CD25+ T helper cells and defective self-tolerance thereby promoting destruction of hypocretin-1 secreting-neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of narcoleptics. The proposal devises a correlational study to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels that were inversely proportional to GITR expression levels in Treg cells to assess the autoimmune nature of the disorder. This study is aimed at investigating how defective T regulatory cells respond in type 1 narcolepsy patients via CSF hypocretin-1 measurement and in vitro human T regulatory cell suppression assay.","PeriodicalId":292410,"journal":{"name":"UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116907705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on the Effects of Increased Social Media Use on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents 增加社交媒体使用对青少年抑郁症状影响的综述

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34904

Aqsa Zahid

{"title":"Review on the Effects of Increased Social Media Use on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents","authors":"Aqsa Zahid","doi":"10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34904","url":null,"abstract":" Social media (SM) allow individuals to connect with one another through online networking. SM has its benefits in regard to knowledge accumulation and effective communication with all persons at the global scale. However, increased use of SM can have detrimental effects among the adolescent population, specifically in terms of their mental health status. The purpose of the present review is to examine the literature in terms of the influence of increased SM use on the rates of depressive symptoms found in adolescents. During this review, approximately 40 articles were initially reviewed to examine whether or not they meet the primary evidence base criteria for the present literature review. The primary evidence base has been defined as follows: primary research articles published after 2015 in which DS in adolescents who use SM are examined. Based on these criteria, seven articles were located and reviewed. Overall, it has been generally found that an increase in SM use is associated with an increase in rates of depressive symptoms (DS) in adolescents. This finding is crucial as it brings forth the notion that SM may have a strong correlation with DS in a large percentage of adolescents globally. Hence, psychological experts (e.g. therapists, psychologists, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists) should consider investigating SM use levels from their clients prior to applying therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":292410,"journal":{"name":"UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129672864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Behavioural Nudges to Motivate Umbilical Cord Blood Donation 使用行为推动激励脐带血捐献

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34617

Rabia Mahmood

引用次数: 0

Emotional Responsiveness in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review of Self-Report and Physiological Measures. 边缘型人格障碍的情绪反应:自我报告和生理测量的综述。

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34758

S.B. Qaisar

引用次数: 0

The Roles of the Microbiome in Alzheimer’s Disease 微生物在阿尔茨海默病中的作用

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.35867

Zahin Hafiz, M. Malek, W. Ju.

{"title":"The Roles of the Microbiome in Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Zahin Hafiz, M. Malek, W. Ju.","doi":"10.33137/JNS.V2I1.35867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/JNS.V2I1.35867","url":null,"abstract":"The gut and the brain are in constant communication in a complex network known as the brain-gut axis. A growing body of research has found links between the brain-gut axis and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this review, we will explore how the mammalian microbiome affects neuroinflammation and increases the permeability of the blood brain barrier in the context of AD. Research shows that the microbiome is associated with neuroinflammation in AD, which is presumably caused by the secretion of cytokines from specialized cells of the brain - microglia and astrocytes. On the other hand, metabolic diseases, caused by microbiota dysbiosis, can increase the permeability of the blood brain barrier. In addition, its higher permeability can allow blood plasma components to enter brain tissue and further develop AD pathology. Findings of the current research have tremendous therapeutic implications. Researchers have speculated whether the therapeutic modification of gut microbiota, through the use of antibiotics and probiotics, may show improvement in AD patients. Our understanding of the pathways and mechanisms involved in the brain-gut axis and AD is still very limited and requires further research before clinical and therapeutic interventions can occur.","PeriodicalId":292410,"journal":{"name":"UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127846930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypocrisy and Moral Justification: Do Consequences and Reasons Make a Difference? 伪善和道德辩护:结果和理由有区别吗?

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34659

Vinoja Vijayasingam, Z. Hussain, Kosha D. Bramesfeld

{"title":"Hypocrisy and Moral Justification: Do Consequences and Reasons Make a Difference?","authors":"Vinoja Vijayasingam, Z. Hussain, Kosha D. Bramesfeld","doi":"10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34659","url":null,"abstract":"In this experiment, we examined if an act of hypocrisy would be judged as more morally justified if it (a) led to a lenient consequence versus a harsh consequence for another person and (b) was done for an other-focused versus self-focused reason. The experiment was implemented via an online study that used a 3 x 3 between-groups factorial design that manipulated the consequences of, and reasons for, an act of hypocrisy. We found that hypocrisy that led to a harsh consequence for another person was viewed as less morally justified than the same harsh act that occurred in the absence of hypocrisy, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.56, or when hypocrisy led to a lenient consequence for another person, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = -.87. The reason given for the hypocritical act did not impact perceptions of moral justification, p = .67, η2 < .01, nor was there an interaction between consequences and reason, p = .49, η2 = .03. These results support the hypothesis that hypocrisy was judged negatively because it led to harsh consequences for others; however, our research leaves open the question of whether hypocrisy can be explained away with a compelling reason or not.","PeriodicalId":292410,"journal":{"name":"UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124238784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Literature Review of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Possible Uses of Spironolactone 关于螺内酯的药代动力学、药效学和可能用途的文献综述

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.35920

J. Khan

引用次数: 0

An Examination of Third-Party Disapproval in Intercultural Couples 跨文化夫妻中第三方不赞成行为的研究

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34654

Melanie Christoforou

{"title":"An Examination of Third-Party Disapproval in Intercultural Couples","authors":"Melanie Christoforou","doi":"10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34654","url":null,"abstract":"Intercultural couples tend to experience a unique set of challenges associated with them, such as disapproval from close social networks. This disapproval has been associated with decreased commitment and uncertainty within couples, leading to issues of trust between partners. The influence of third-party disapproval, however, affects a romantic couple differently depending on the source of the disapproval. Few studies have examined and compared the individual influences of family and friend disapproval on romantic relationships, and even less have researched these effects on intercultural dating couples. We used archival data from 63 heterosexual couples to examine the separate influences of family and friend disapproval on romantic investment while controlling for trust, which is a key factor in successful romantic relationships. As predicted, the results of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analyses demonstrated that family and friend disapproval negatively affected one’s investment. Mediation analyses revealed that trust only mediated the relationship between friend disapproval and relationship investment, and not family disapproval. Limitations and future implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":292410,"journal":{"name":"UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126600145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are you still watching? 你还在看吗?

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34663

Ilakkiah Chandran

引用次数: 3

Effect of Potential Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Repellents on the Distribution of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Laboratory Environment 驱避剂对实验室环境下虹鳟鱼幼鱼分布的影响

UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34652

Noelle G. Stratton, I. Imre, R. T. Rocco, Grant E. Brown

{"title":"Effect of Potential Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Repellents on the Distribution of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Laboratory Environment","authors":"Noelle G. Stratton, I. Imre, R. T. Rocco, Grant E. Brown","doi":"10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/JNS.V2I1.34652","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have begun to consider the use of chemosensory alarm cues as potential repellents of invasive Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Great Lakes Basin. An important factor in determining the efficacy of potential P. marinus repellents is whether they are species-specific. To that end, using laboratory stream channels, this study investigated whether a non-target species, the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), would change their distribution in response to damage-released P. marinus alarm cues, potential mammalian predator cues, and damage-released conspecific cues. In groups of 10 individuals per replicate, with 10 replicates per stimulus type, subjects were exposed to one of the following treatment types: deionized water (control), P. marinus extract (heterospecific alarm cue), O. mykiss extract (conspecific alarm cue), 2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride (potential predator cue), and human saliva (potential predator cue). None of the stimuli induced a significant avoidance response during the stimulus observation period as compared to the control. These findings provide preliminary support for the species-specific nature of these proposed alternative P. marinus control measures.","PeriodicalId":292410,"journal":{"name":"UTSC's Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129158297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0