Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference最新文献

{"title":"Developing CEM design standards to improve light rail vehicle crashworthiness","authors":"M. Schroeder","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215304","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years extensive effort has been devoted to the development of crashworthiness standards for rail cars spanning modalities from light rail to heavy rail and commuter rail applications. Each mode provides different challenges to the designer, whether it is designing against collisions with similar rail car designs, dissimilar vehicle designs such as freight rail vehicles or other obstructions such as pedestrians and street running automobiles. Structural standards in the U.S. and internationally are being developed to address these modes and provide a sensible approach to occupant protection. The advent of crash energy management (CEM) science as a means for better controlling the energy in a collision is being applied universally in rail car applications, yet there is variability on CEM design approaches to account for the variability in obstructions. This paper focuses on the development of CEM design for light rail vehicles in the U.S. based on efforts of the ASME Rail Transit Vehicle Standards Committee. A comparison is made between current LRV standardization efforts and recent commuter rail specifications that include CEM","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126687069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear investigation of the effect of suspension parameters on the hunting stability of a railway truck","authors":"A. Mohan, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215325","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical model of a single conventional railway truck (bogie) consisting of two wheelsets moving with constant speed on a smooth, level, and tangential track is used to numerically investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the truck. Nonlinearities in the model include the nonlinear wheel-rail profile, the friction-creep characteristics of the wheel-rail contact geometry, and the Coulomb friction element between truck frame and bolster. Single-point and two-point wheel-rail contact scenarios are considered in the model. Sensitivity of the critical hunting velocity to primary and secondary suspension parameters is examined. Results of the lateral stability study indicate that the critical hunting velocity of the truck is most sensitive to the primary longitudinal stiffness. A method involving semi-active control of the primary longitudinal stiffness is developed to raise the critical velocity of hunting. This approach is seen to considerably increase the truck critical hunting velocity","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123978606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DC traction power negative cable monitoring system","authors":"M. Reis","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215313","url":null,"abstract":"In DC traction power distribution systems, rail bond damages, failures or accidental severing of individual negative feeders are generally undetected by operations as it typically leads to negligible impact on the rolling stock performance. However, a negative return circuit failure increases the overall resistance of the traction power negative return system. This increases the rail-to-earth potential and, consequentially, undesirable DC stray current activity leading to added electrolytic corrosion on affected underground metal structures. Moreover, it may lead to overload on unfaulted negative feeders. Hence, a system that continuously monitors the integrity of the negative distribution feeders is needed so that return circuit failures or inadvertent negative cable severing by construction crews can be promptly detected, located and repaired. This paper describes a negative cable monitoring system that was designed based on a substation PC distributed I/O platform and programmed using LabVIEW. The system samples the negative cable shunt signals via a remote analog input module with filtered differential inputs. The computer individually analyses each negative cable current profile in real time and a supervisory alarm is issued if a negative cable failure is detected. The system was installed at several Toronto Transit Commission streetcar traction power substations","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133221257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MARTA's railcar rehabilitation program for improved reliability and better customer service","authors":"R.N. Carini, T. Gonzales, E. Hutsell, E. Wrobley","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215324","url":null,"abstract":"In 2003, the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) embarked upon an ambitious program to modernize its rail car fleet. MARTA's analysis pointed to significant cost savings by having approximately two-thirds of their fleet rehabilitated rather than purchase new cars. That portion of their fleet is an average of 22 years old. Virtually all mechanical and electrical systems are being refurbished or replaced new, including HVAC, auxiliary electric, passenger doors, fault indicating and monitoring system, train network, cab controls and equipment, lighting, passenger communications and signage, friction brakes, and trucks. In addition to the challenges of refurbishing the cars, MARTA also required these refurbished cars to be operationally compatible with the other one-third of their fleet, which is an average of four years old. Beyond the basic operational compatibility of door control, propulsion, and braking, car systems such as on-board communications, passenger signage, fault and failure diagnostics systems were required to be compatible. Also, because of the high cost of replacement parts, MARTA encouraged as much interchangeability of parts as possible between the older fleet and the newer fleet. These various constraints on the railcar refurbishment design presented many challenges and uncovered some unexpected consequences that are discussed in this paper","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132348538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An autonomous, low cost, distributed method for observing vehicle track interactions","authors":"P. Wolfs, S. Bleakley, S. Senini, P. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215319","url":null,"abstract":"Experience and field studies have shown that track geometry alone is not a good predictor of rail vehicle response. This paper describes a family of \"Health Card\" devices - an autonomous device that can be distributed on rolling stock to analyse the vehicle responses. As a distributed system is desired, and the intent is to apply this technology widely across a vehicle fleet, a low initial capital cost and low operating cost solution is desirable. As a consequence the Health Card performs all its sensing operations on the car body and avoids the costs and complications of sensing below the car body especially on unsprung components. Health Cards use solid-state transducers including accelerometers and angular rate sensors with a coordinate transform to resolve car body motions into six degrees of freedom. They then apply spectrogram techniques to obtain a time-frequency representation of the car body motion. These representations are autonomously analyzed to detect and classify transient dynamic events and to infer track degradation or operational risks","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheel wear losses from bogie rotation resistance, effects of cant and speed","authors":"Scott A. Simson, M. Pearce","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215300","url":null,"abstract":"Previous investigation on wheel wear losses from bogie rotation resistance have only considered as designed curve operations, with a small cant deficiency present in the curve design. Results in such curves show a relatively small increase in overall wheel and rail wear due to bogie rotation resistance. The bulk of increased wheel/rail wear is caused by rotation friction moments at the centre bearing, which are generated in the curve transition, being retained into the constant radius curve. Cant deficient design curves are shown to not retain the full rotational friction moment that is generated in curve transitions. The wear losses on individual wheelsets is shown to be greatly affected by bogie rotation resistance even when the total wheel/rail wear for the wagon is not greatly altered. The wheel/rail wear is best described by classifying curves by the number of wheelsets in flange contact with the high rail. The Queensland coal operations have proportionally much higher wear rate increases attributed to bogie rotation friction. Large reductions of wheel wear have been anecdotally report by QR rollingstock maintenance staff following the introduction of lubricating polymer centre bearing liners. Case study simulations show that the track's dominant tight curve is very sensitive to high centre bearing friction. The curves occur on a 1:50 grade for which loaded traffic is downhill at 40 kph compared to the empty traffic climbing at the speed limit of 60 kph. Hence these dominant downhill curves have a cant excess. Bogie rotation friction management is shown to be particularly important on rollingstock with low warp stiffness that operate through tighter curves at lower than the cant design speed. Such rollingstock will exhibit significantly shortened wheel maintenance cycle times due to high bogie rotation friction retained into the curve and high wheelset angles of attack seen on the leading bogie. Wear rates can become further accelerated due to the negative impact high angles of attack have on gauge face lubrication. Bogie warp and wheelset angles of attack retained in constant radius curves are affected by lateral forces such as coupler angling train forces","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128459777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hose strap reaction forces in railroad freight cars","authors":"L. Hua, L. Hixon, G. Cobden","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the reaction forces on hose straps when end hoses are separated while in the charged condition, i.e., the gladhands are uncoupled. Five different end-of-car (EOC) arrangements and four most widely used hose straps are studied and tested. It is found that the load on hose straps is related to EOC arrangement types on the two connected cars. More rigid arrangements give less reaction forces on the hose straps. It is also found that the elasticity of the hose straps is another key factor contributing to the reaction force. More flexible hose straps generate less reaction forces for the same EOC arrangement setup. Simulation details are given, as well as the test results and the explanation of the results. Final discussions and conclusions are presented in the last part of this paper","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126586144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis of freight car structures for fatigue life prediction","authors":"S. Richmond","doi":"10.1115/JRC2006-94049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2006-94049","url":null,"abstract":"The Freight Car Fatigue Task Force of the Association of American Railroads noted that changes in FE modeling practices can significantly affect calculated stress values and fatigue lives. The author was actioned to write a recommended practice to promote consistency in this area. This paper is a synopsis of that recommended practice.","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117180945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral stability performance in uni-directional rollingstock","authors":"S. Simson","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215311","url":null,"abstract":"The worn wheel profiles generated by uni-directional wagon travel produce different profile shapes on the leading and trailing wheelsets of each bogie. In the case examined both leading and trailing wheels wear to profiles having greater effective wheel conicity. The leading worn wheels exhibit flange and tread wear and the worn profile has highly nonlinear conicity having little vertical displacement over the middle range of lateral displacement. A large vertical displacement is still achieved by the worn leading wheel profile in the last section of the flangeway clearance. The worn trailing wheels have only tread wear with near linear effective conicity across the flangeway. The hunting instability performances of the vehicle with the uni-directional wheel wear profiles is shown to have a higher critical speed than new wheel profiles due to the mismatch of the leading and trailing wheel profiles. The leading wheels of the bogie hunt with a wavelength of 26-30 m whilst the trailing wheels hunt at a wavelength of 12-16 m. Because of the differing frequency responses in the front and rear wheelsets of each bogie, lateral instability is damped for the worn wheel profiles. The worn profiles' curving performance is also improved due to increases in the total profile conicity. Individually the leading wheel worn profile with its nonlinear conicity across the flangeway has lower critical speed than a new wheel profile, the non-linear shape leading to chaotic lateral instability. The trailing wheel profile with its highly linear conicity across the middle of the flangeway has classic sinusoidal hunting at a much reduced critical speed and much reduced wavelength. The worn wheel profiles by themselves for both leading wheel and trailing wheel are found to have critical speeds 80% of the new wheel profile critical speed. In combination as found in a wagon operating in one direction, the leading and trailing wheel profiles produce a critical hunting speed 125% of the new wheel profiles' critical hunting speed","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122423818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time asset tracking and monitoring using low-cost cellular networks","authors":"Graham H. Truelove, M. Foster, V. Kohli, T. Raslear","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2006.215323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2006.215323","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development has sponsored the development of an asset tracking and mapping system designed to help the short line railroad industry improve safety and railroad operations. The Asset Tracker system was developed in conjunction with the Railroad Traffic Planner scheduling tool with the goal of researching improvements to overall operational safety and efficiency by reducing unnecessary voice communications with locomotive personnel. Fulcrum Corporation's development of the Asset Tracker system demonstrates the first cost-effective, real-time tracking solution for short line railroad assets. The Asset Tracker is built using off-the-shelf cellular phone technologies and displays locomotive and maintenance-of-way (MoW) vehicle positions and status information through any Internet Web browser","PeriodicalId":292357,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME Joint Rail Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130786510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}