JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation最新文献

{"title":"Myths and realities of the asymetric relationship: Cuba, the European Union and the failure of the common position (2006-2016)","authors":"Rogelio Plácido Sánchez Levis","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.11.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.11.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to present some partial results of research about asymmetry in international relations, focusing on the EU’s Common Position on Cuba and its consequences for the links between both players. The paper examines the EU’s loss of the channels of influence, the persistent fractures and competition between the European supranational strategy and the national diplomacies of the Member States, and the underestimation of the contextual and relational factors that acted in favour of Cuba.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129421150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of Latin American space in the internationalization of Portuguese SMEs","authors":"André Brás-dos-Santos, Joaquim Ramos Silva","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.11.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.11.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of the transformation undergone in the last decade by the Portuguese economy, the internationalization of Portuguese companies through exports had a considerable growth, reducing the importance of domestic demand as the main variable in the contribution to GDP, this work addresses the role of SMEs in this process, analyzing the case of their internationalization to the Latin American space. The study is based on an empirical analysis of data resulting from a survey conducted in 2014, period where the transformation became clear, through the responses of 50 internationalized Portuguese SMEs to Latin America, which have been validated. Also, and with a focus on this research, the process was correlated with the relevant theories of internationalization, paving the way for more in-depth and methodologically based studies on this relationship with significant potential, but still little analyzed in the context of the Portuguese economy.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122224668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal communication: an essential factor in international trade","authors":"Sandra Ribeiro, M. Ferro","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.11.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.11.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a business relationship is a complex action influenced by different variables. When we approach the international context, the complexity becomes even greater, with communication between commercial actors playing a crucial role. In this sense, the promotion of effective and unimpeded verbal communication between international partners is crucial for the success of any transaction. It is in this context that economics of language gains relevance, allowing the inclusion of the language spoken by the commercial partners as one of the explanatory factors of international trade, assuming in the explanatory gravitational models of trade flows between countries the role of facilitator of trade exchanges or, on the contrary, of an obstacle to the commercial relationship. Studies in the area of economics of language reveal that economic relations are strongly influenced by language, but language choices can also be influenced by economic factors, which is why this is a bilateral relationship. The study we present here focuses on how verbal communication (measured according to linguistic proximity, that is, a greater or lesser degree of similarity between the language spoken by two business partners) influences the commercial relations established in an international context. In this study, we conclude that, based on data on the volume of Portuguese exports in 2015, the ease of verbal communication with the trading partner has a positive influence on the increase in trade in empirical terms, this conclusion is corroborated by the fact that Spain is Portugal's main trading partner. We conclude that the language factor is not being well used by the Portuguese State, as the linguistic proximity could be used to increase Portuguese exports, namely with the countries that compose the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) and with those that integrate the Southern Common Market (Mercosur).","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130576980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is it important to use regional lenses when we look into civil conflicts in the Mena?","authors":"Samer Hamati","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating different political and social variables in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is receiving more attention between social scientists, particularly in the peace and conflict institutes. This is due to the uniqueness of the region and to the violent conflicts it has witnessed for the last decades. These conflicts become intrastate but transitional, hence transfer into internationalized civil conflicts, and have large externalities exceeding the region borders. These conflicts show the high connectedness between the MENA countries, and recently the Arab Spring affirms the ‘contagion effect’ of upheavals in the region. Following multidisciplinary approach, this research note is a try to explain how much important it is to study the MENA conflicts from a regional perspective and to present the factors proving the contagion effects there. We hope that when reading this note, the reader will sufficiently understand the regional aspects of the MENA conflicts.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115642821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of climate change on the escalating communal conflict between herdsmen and farmers: the case of the Fulani ethnic group in Nigeria","authors":"G. Furini","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Current scientific evidence shows that human activities are causing interference at different levels in the global climate and availability of natural resources, and many authors already relate water scarcity to the increased risk of violent conflict, particularly in rural societies on the African continent. Climate disruptions caused by climate change are reflected on a regional and local scale, and the greatest impacts are already being felt in the poorest areas of the planet. Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, has been facing environmental problems in its territory that can be associated with climate change, such as rising temperatures, reduced rainfall and advancing desertification. Considering that all these phenomena have been worsening since the early twentieth century in Nigeria and, due to the escalating of violent conflicts since the beginning of the current century, the objective of this paper is to analyse how climate change can interfere in the conflict between herdsmen and farmers, as well as the possible impact of seasonal variation in rainfall on the dynamics of these communal conflicts. The study focused on literature review and the case study took place in four Nigerian states (Plateau, Benue, Taraba and Nasarawa) for the period 2010-2017, focusing on the communal conflict involving the Fulani ethnic group. The approach adopted was the inductive method in which the behaviour of rainfall in the study area was compared with the number of deaths resulting from the conflict, in addition to using geo-processing software to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of casualties. The theoretical framework used was that proposed by Thomas Homer-Dixon (1994) and the information was collected from primary sources, with consultation of qualitative and quantitative data, and from secondary sources through book reviews, publications and papers in scientific journals. While it is not yet possible to establish a direct and linear relationship between climate change and violent conflict, the revised literature indicates that competition for water and other natural resources in certain parts of Nigeria is increasing, and that the violent conflicts between Fulani herdsmen and farmers are increasing due to the dispute over access to water sources and grazing lands. Data analysis shows that in the study area there are 46.4% more deaths in the dry season (November to April) than in the rainy season (May to October). While there are still not enough elements to conclude that climate change is the primary cause of the conflict, the analysis reinforces the need, in certain contexts, particularly in developing countries with populations highly dependent on the primary sector of the economy, for the impacts of climate change to be seriously considered as a risk to human security.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122962087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between freedom of contract and the principle of good faith: An inside view on the reform of private law of Kazakhstan","authors":"K. Sabirov, V. Konussova, Marat Alenov","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years since Kazakhstan gained independence there have been cardinal changes in the country's economy associated with the inflow of foreign investments. These changes require the implementation of foreign experience in regulating economic relations and in particularly foreign contractual institutions. The International Financial Center \"Astana\" has started functioning in Kazakhstan since 2018. The acts of the International Financial Center are based on the principles and norms of law of England and Wales. In this regard, a largescale reform of the private law of the Republic of Kazakhstan was launched, aimed at identifying a number of civil-law ideas and designs that can be measured out in the Kazakh legislation from English law. The authors of this research are direct participants of the reform. This study is aimed at highlighting one of the issues considered within the framework of the reform of private law: strengthening the role of the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of good faith in the contract law of the Republic of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127785693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Union, Russia and the MH17 case: strategic narratives’ analysis (2014-2019)","authors":"Paulo Ramos, A. Vieira","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"her articles published the Europe-Asia Studies, Post-Soviet Affairs, Review of Affairs, Spectator journals, published several briefing papers and reports for EU institutions think-tanks Abstract The armed conflict that has erupted in Ukraine in 2014 has been affecting the way the states involved interact and how they seek to implement certain narratives in a new regional political context. While Russia has taken a more assertive stance in its neighbourhood through a narrative that seeks to contradict Western values promoted by the European Union (EU), the latter has shown some difficulty in presenting a coherent narrative in the face of developments over the past five years. In this sense, this article proposes to analyse the EU-Russia interaction, using as a case study the incident involving the crash of the Malaysia Airlines civil aircraft MH17. The analytical perspective combines elements of Role Theory - which here focuses on the interaction of states on the basis of certain expectations regarding their internal (national) and external (regional/international) roles - and Strategic Narratives. The differences between issue narratives (including regarding the Bellingcat Investigation Team narrative), system narratives and identity narratives are explored. The argument presented here is that the externalization of the EU issue narrative has emerged in two distinct ways - one more moderate in its official stance as an institution; another more assertive from the point of view of the work done by the East Stratcom Task Force (EATF). This ends up creating some dissonance in the way the European Union designs its narrative, and misalignment with the EU's narrative identity as a role state.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114941122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rights of migrants: notes on the jurisprudence of the interamerican court of human rights","authors":"M. Palacios","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The rights of migrants represent a challenge for States, because their guarantee evidences the permanent tension between the sovereignty of the States and the protection of human rights in the international context. This article will analyse if it is really possible to affirm the existence of a true evolutionary development of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in a contentious and consultative way and which, therefore, may contribute to the improvement of the rights of migrants in the IACHR. To this end, the text will address the following parts: I) Regulatory framework oriented to the sovereignty of States; II) The progressive contentious jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court III) The advisory opinions: integrating elements of rights and; IV) Conclusions.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113996009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 3 Seas Initiative: geopolitics and infrastructure","authors":"Bernardo Calheiros","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Three Seas Initiative (I3M) is an ambitious geopolitical project comprising twelve EU Member States located between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea: from North to South, a wide range encompassing Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Croatia. It is a region with more than 25% of the EU's territory and about 22% of its population, but with a much lower economic representation. I3M aims to promote the development of central European infrastructures with a view to bringing this region closer to the economic development levels of other European countries. The I3M aimed for development of large projects of regional infrastructure in three major fields: energy, transport (road and rail) and the digital field (communications). The geopolitical importance of this project is immediately evident from the fact that many of these countries are landlocked states with no access to the sea. These infrastructures will now give them access to three seas and thus contribute to greater independence and room for maneuver in their policies. This region, situated in the center of the European continent, one of the main energy markets of the future, is also the scene of a very strong trade struggle between Russia, with its natural gas supplies, and the US, with its growing production of shale gas. The projects launched by I3M are therefore of greater economic and geopolitical importance, although they still have to ensure appropriate funding. Although the Three Seas Fund (TSF) was created), with a duration of 30 years and which aims to secure a financing of 100 billion euros (from an initial investment of the Member States in the amount of 5 billion euros), The truth is that much will depend on the support given by the EU and the countries interested in these projects, such as the US and China (link to the silk route). Some European countries have seen the birth of this Initiative with some suspicion, such as Germany, which has increasingly been focusing on Nordstream II, and Russia, which accuse their promoters of representing US interests on the European continent. Regardless of the controversies raised, I3M seems to be a form of regional cooperation that makes perfect sense and fully integrates into the spirit of European integration, seeking for its peoples the same development as the other Member States.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123495576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The UN in conflict resolution: the case of East Timor","authors":"Francisco Proença Garcia, Mónica Dias, R. Duque","doi":"10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.10.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of the United Nations in East Timor can be divided into four periods, including the anti-colonial period (1955-1974), the reaction period (1975-1982), the attenuation period (1983-1998) and the commitment period (from 1999). It is about this last period that this paper will focus by analysing the decisive steps of the UN, as a multilateral organization with a security mandate, in resolving the Timorese conflict and peacebuilding in that territory. This analysis will be guided by the proposals of the document \"An Agenda for Peace\" presented in 1992 by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, then Secretary-General of the United Nations, and the expectations he created in the field of peace operations. We are particularly interested in looking at the design of post-conflict peacebuilding missions and assessing the extent to which the (expected) capital gains from these operations compared to conventional peacekeeping missions would come to fruition or not. Thus, it is important to examine how the main missions were carried out, with special focus on the different actors, as well as to make a critical balance with some historical distance. In this context, it seems to us that the case of East Timor will be a good example to understand the need for a new approach to peacebuilding, as advocated in this Report, but which at a distance of more than 25 years becomes even more evident. The perception of peace as a continuous process that involves a whole sustainability network, and that depends above all on fostering and developing competences for peace (involving multiple and distinct actors facing constant coordination and negotiation challenges), therefore allows demanding greater commitment on the part of the Security Council, but also on that of the General Assembly in carrying out this difficult task in the context of the new world (dis) order.","PeriodicalId":292088,"journal":{"name":"JANUS NET e-journal of International Relation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126999263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}