Journal of World's Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Supplementation of Saviotan Feed (Chestnut Tannin) on Blood Parameters and Yolk Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)","authors":"Edi Erwan, Muhamad Rodiallah, Isbul Irfan, Wawi Ibrah","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.34","url":null,"abstract":"Tannins are secondary metabolites and active compounds widely present in plants. Tannins have several properties, such as astringent, antiparasitic, anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant. Hence, plants containing tannins are a major study subject for a natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics or antioxidants. The functions of tannin extracted from chestnut wood, namely Saviotan Feed (SF) in poultry, especially in quails, have not yet been fully understood. The current study aimed to examine the effect of SF supplementation on some plasma metabolites, including glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) concentration, and yolk cholesterol in quails (Coturnix japonica). A total of 100 unsexed quails were divided into 4 groups, with 25 quails in each group. These quails were then placed into 20 experimental pens, with 5 quails per pen. Each treatment was replicated 5 times, and the quails were fed a commercial rations diet supplemented with different SF doses of 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. Quails were provided with SF supplementation from 14 to 56 days of age. A sample of 40 plasma and eggs were randomly collected and analyzed for GLU, TG, and TCHO. The results indicated no significant effects of SF on plasma GLU and TG concentration, but a significant effect was found regarding TCHO. Moreover, supplementation of SF from 0.1 to 0.3% significantly decreased TCHO concentration in the yolk. In conclusion, it has been determined that supplementation of SF may play a significant role in decreasing TCHO in yolk eggs in quails.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Production, Reproduction, Morphometric, and Morphological Characteristics of Ethiopian Native Chickens","authors":"Kefala Taye Mekonnen, Dong-Hui Lee, Young-Gyu Cho, Kang-Seok Seo","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Native chickens in Ethiopia are characterized in a fragmented manner for their performance characteristics and genotypes. This review aimed to explore the production and reproduction performance characteristics as well as the morphometric and morphological diversity of Ethiopian native chickens. The investigation was performed on four production performance characteristics, including average egg per clutch, average clutch/hen/year, average egg set/hen, and average egg/hen/year, as well as six reproductive performance characteristics, including age at first laying, age of male chickens at first bred, age at which female chickens are first bred, the reproductive life span of males and females, and fertility percentage in various parts of Ethiopia. Some economically practical morphometric characteristics of native chickens, such as shank length, chest circumference, comb length, body weight, body length, keel length, wattle length, neck length, back length, and morphological diversity, were also summarized. Regarding performance characteristics, there were some variations in eggs’ average production performance per clutch (13.56-15.4 eggs) and clutch/hen/year (3.0-4.29) in Ethiopia. The average reproduction performance characteristics of Ethiopian native chickens for age at first laying (6.90-7.13 months), age of male chickens at first bred (5.87-6.15 months), female at first bred (5.20-5.93 months), the reproductive life span of males (3.79 years) and hens (3.56 years), and chicks hatched from set eggs revealed variation across Ethiopia. In various locations of Ethiopia, the average trait values reported for Ethiopian native chickens under the farmer’s management differed in terms of morphometric and morphological features. The variation observed in performance characteristics, as well as morphometrics and morphological characteristics for Ethiopian native chicken ecotype population, can help the native breed classification, unique trait conservation, and breed improvement intervention programs.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Sabine Eglite, Lauma Mancevica, Aija Ilgaza","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the 2006 EU ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, researchers have sought alternatives, leading to a focus on the beneficial effects of probiotics on chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic mixture containing Lactobacillus (L.) farciminis CNCM-I-3699 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 on the growth, production indicators, and edible organs of broiler chickens. Three trials were conducted, each consisting of 260 newly hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks (males and females) from a commercial hatchery, randomly allocated into control (n = 130) and probiotic-supplemented groups (n = 130). The dietary treatments were basal diet for the control group and basal diet + the mixture of L. farciminis CNCM-I-3699 (2.1010 GU/g) and L. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 (2.1010 GU/g) at a rate of 4g/10kg of diet for the probiotic supplemented group. Broilers were raised until day 35 of age, and their body weight and feed intake were recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. All broiler chickens were weighed on the first day. The investigated parameters included average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, cumulative feed intake, and the European Broiler Index. Daily mortality was recorded. The average organ’s relative weight was calculated for each group on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Although both groups yielded positive results regarding growth and production indicators, no significant differences were observed between the two groups, suggesting that probiotics may not provide expected outcomes when appropriate conditions and age-related requirements are met. The probiotic-supplemented group exhibited significantly accelerated growth in the heart and liver. However, relative organ weights did not differ significantly between the groups.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Structure of Local Chicken Populations Raised in Five Agroecological Zones of Togo","authors":"Kakom Assota Kossoga, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo, Abidi Bilalissi, Oumbortime N’nanle, Emmanuel Oyegunle Oke, Kafui Amivi Tete-Benissan","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.38","url":null,"abstract":"Local chickens are the most commonly raised poultry breed in rural areas of Togo, where they help in alleviating poverty and food insecurity in households. The current study aimed to ensure the sustainable management of this genetic resource by evaluating the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and population structure of local chicken populations from five agroecological zones (Dry Savannah, Atakora, Forest, Wet Savannah, and Littoral) in Togo. Genotyping was carried out using 15 microsatellite markers on 30 unrelated individuals per agroecological zone. Genetic diversity was assessed by estimating the number of alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphic information content (PIC). The genetic structure of the populations was analyzed using a Bayesian-based approach. The results revealed a high genetic diversity but weak population structuring among local chickens. Moreover, 98 alleles were detected in all population groups, varying from 3 to 12 per locus, with an average of 6.53 ± 2.67 alleles per locus. The PIC values varied from 0.436 to 0.690, with an average of 0.550 ± 0.087. The mean number of alleles per population across all markers ranged from 4.4 ± 1.4 (Dry Savannah) to 5.4 ± 2.0 (Forest). The unbiased expected heterozygosity was high and varied from 0.58 ± 0.07 (Atakora) to 0.65 ± 0.11 (Forest), while that observed varied between 0.46 ± 0.09 (Dry Savannah) and 0.57 ± 0.14 (Forest). All populations deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Across populations, FIT, FIS, and FST fixation indices were 0.150, 0.132, and 0.021, respectively. The genetic distances were low and varied from 0.022 (between Atakora and Dry Savannah) to 0.045 (between Atakora and Forest). These results could be used in potential genetic improvement programs or the preservation of local chickens in Togo.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Ventilation System for Closed Poultry House in Tropical Climate Conditions","authors":"Kapil A. Saner, Sanjay P. Shekhawat","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.35","url":null,"abstract":"The climate significantly impacts the temperature in different parts of the world. A moderate environment makes it simple to construct a chicken farm. Nevertheless, raising the birds in tropical places where typical temperatures can exceed 40-45°C is difficult because they can only survive at temperatures between 30°C and 35°C. As a result, the current study aimed to design a chicken house with a ventilation and cooling system to prevent excessive heat. The effectiveness of ventilation systems in maintaining liveable and constant conditions at the chicken house was assessed using computational fluid dynamics modeling to mimic internal and external airflows. In this study, a water evaporator-based cooling system and an exhaust fan-based ventilation system were built within a poultry house. ANSYS CFD was utilized to create the design and examine the flow of the model. The findings of each model were generated individually, and these results were compared to those of the other models to determine which model could decrease the temperature within the chicken coop. The proposed model's maximum temperature was around 30-32°C. A poultry house can be constructed using this idea to maintain chickens at a suitable temperature range of 30-32°C.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Properties and Toxic Risks of Using Metal Nanoparticles on Health and Productivity in Poultry","authors":"Svitlana Naumenko, Vsevolod Koshevoy, Olena Matsenko, Olha Miroshnikova, Iryna Zhukova, Iryna Bespalova","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced into various fields of science, particularly poultry farming. Supplementation of metal salts in nanoform can increase the profitability of poultry farming by enhancing meat and egg production. Although their toxic parameters pose limitations on their use, many studies have evaluated the effects of using metal NPs in modern poultry farming on health, productivity, metabolism, and especially antioxidant properties. In addition, the peculiarities of their toxicokinetic and recommended doses that meet safety criteria in practical activities are highlighted. Zinc oxide NPs are one of the most studied compounds in the poultry industry. Their pronounced antioxidant properties, positive effect on productivity and homeostasis of poultry, egg quality, and immune status have been experimentally confirmed. Copper oxide NPs have similar properties but are limited in usage due to their toxicokinetics. Silver and gold NPs emerge as potential alternatives to antibiotics and could solve the resistance problem of microorganisms to antibiotics. Other important NPs used in poultry are Iron and Calcium. In their nanoform, these NPs exhibit high bioavailability, which allows for efficient absorption and utilization by poultry. The methods used to synthesize these nanoparticles make it economically viable to incorporate them into poultry diets, reducing overall expenses compared to similar macroergic compounds. Manganese and chromium NPs positively affect sperm survival in turkeys during refrigerated storage and contribute to increasing the resistance of the broiler chickens' body to heat stress and normalizing the metabolism of sex hormones. In conclusion, the application of metal nanoparticles to poultry is a promising research direction, aiming at the development of feed additives, antibiotics, and growth stimulants due to their antioxidant, bactericidal, and immunomodulatory effects.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan Hydroxyapatite: Physic-chemical Properties and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Noira Vokhidova Rakhimovna, Kandiyor Ergashev Khorun ogli, Davletbay Ibragimov, Sayyora Rashidova Sharafovna","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to obtain a calcium-containing, biocompatible drug based on chitosan Bombyx mori. Composites of Chitosan (CS) Bombyx mori with hydroxyapatite (HA) in the ratio of CS/HA = 50:50 mass percentage were synthesized in situ conditions at Ca/P = 1.67 mol% with intensive stirring for one hour at a speed of 1400 rpm and a temperature of 40 ± 2ºС. It was revealed that the components form an intermediate complex through –N-Ca, O-Ca, O (glycosidic bond)–Ca, H–O-bonds interacted by electrostatic forces. Atomic force microscopy studies indicated particles in the 100-50 nm size range on the polymer matrix surface. The polymer matrix prevented the growth of HA crystals and particle agglomeration. It was also determined that the CS/HA composite was non-toxic, and the LD50 was more than 5000 mg/kg. The composites were introduced into the chickens’ diet in groups for 30 days at 25 to 40 mg/kg doses. The findings indicated an increased survival rate of chickens by 100%, improved the morphological parameters of the blood, and enhanced the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and hemoglobin. The addition of CS/HA=50:50 mass percentage contributed to an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood of broilers and hemoglobin by 11-12%. It should be noted that CS/HA did not adversely affect other morphological parameters of chicken blood. Therefore, CS/HA is recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis and osteomalacia in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114926464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Replacing Maize by Proso Millet on Performance of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Melad Anwar Khali, H. Tarsha, Riad Jamil Kussaibati","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"The continual rise in the cost of poultry feed ingredients, the fluctuations in price and the comparatively insufficient maize supply have prompted a search for less expensive alternatives. This research study was carried out to investigate the impact of a partial or total replacement of maize with proso millet on performance parameters of broiler chickens, including live body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and carcass yield. An experiment was carried out using 160 one-day-old broiler chicks of a commercial breed. The chicks were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 32. They consumed different isoprotein and isocaloric diets in which maize was replaced by proso millet at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% inclusion rates as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Results showed that all broiler chickens fed on diets containing different rates of millet instead of maize significantly improved live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield for females and males compared to T1. Additionally, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in the relative weight of the liver for females and males compared to T1. The use of millet in diets did not negatively affect the broilers’ health, and the mortality rate was low throughout the experiment. These results confirmed that maize could be replaced by proso millet in broiler chicken diets up to 100%.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123664666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Broiler Feed Conversion Efficiency and Immune Response against Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine","authors":"Tesfaye Engida D, B. Tamir, Mihretu Ayele, Hika Waktole, Berhane Wakjira, F. Regassa, F. Regassa, Takele Beyene Tufa","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"The ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock feeding has encouraged the utilization of phytogenic feed additives. These phytogenics recently attracted much attention and are generally recognized as residue-free ideal feed additives in animal Production. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of the phytogenic herbs on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and immune responses associated with the infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine in broiler chickens. For this study, 360 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six feeding trials, each with three replicates containing 20 chicks. The control group (T1) was only fed a basal diet alone, while the treatment groups were given the basal diet supplemented with 1% of basil (T2), lemongrass (T3), peppermint (T4), rosemary (T5), and thyme (T6) leaves powder, respectively. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. All chicks were vaccinated against IBD on days 7 and 19. A serology test was conducted to check the antibody titer against the IBD vaccine. The findings of this study showed that chickens in group T2 had significantly consumed more feed, followed by T1 and T6. During the overall study period, chickens in group T4 had significantly better feed conversion efficiency, followed by T3 and T6. Chickens in groups T5 and T6 showed a more pronounced antibody titer against the IBD vaccine at days 21 and 42 of the experiment. Therefore, these findings indicated that supplementation of basil leaf powder improved feed intake. Moreover, peppermint and lemongrass leaf powder improved the feed conversion ratio. In addition, supplementation of rosemary and thyme enhances the immune status of broiler chickens and could be considered a natural growth promoter feed additive. Therefore, further studies should be done to discover their beneficial effects to use as alternative feed additives in broiler chickens.\u0000Keywords: Body weight, Broiler chicken, Feed conversion, Feed intake, Immune response, Infectious bursa disease\u0000","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116041944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cyperus alternifolius, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Typha angustifolia, and Imperata cylindrica on Growth Performance, Feed Digestibility, Gut Microbiota, Haemato-biochemical and Immunity Parameters in Broiler Chickens","authors":"Nyembo Kondo Camile, Ciza Azine Pascaline, Tchoffo Hervé, Amani Murhula Innocent, Tchouan Deffo Gilchrist, Tchakounté Franck Maël, Edie Nounamo Longston Wilfried, Tindo Tsamene Romario, Taboumda Evariste, Kana Jean Raphaël","doi":"10.36380/jwpr.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizomes of Cyperus (C.) alternifolius, Echinochloa (E.) pyramidalis, Typha (T.) angustifolia, and Imperata (I.) cylindrica are rich in secondary metabolites and have diverse pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary C. alternifolius, E. pyramidalis, T. angustifolia, and I. cylindrical rhizomes on the performance of broiler chickens. A total of 384 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to six treatment groups (each treatment replicated four times). The first group received a basal diet (negative control), and the second group received a basal diet with 1 gr of antibiotic (Doxicycline, positive control). Other groups received a basal diet with 2 gr of each phyto-additives/kg feed. The results revealed that treatments had no significant effects on feed intake and carcass yield in chickens. The C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia significantly increased live weight and weight gain, and decreased feed conversion ratio, compared to negative control. The addition of C. alternifolius, T. angustifolia, and I. cylindrica to broilers’ diet significantly increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, compared to the negative control. Compared to the negative control, the lactic acid bacteria count significantly increased with the incorporation of T. angustifolia and I. cylindrica. The granulocytes count and globulins concentration were not affected by the different treatments. However, the lymphocyte count was significantly decreased with the diet containing E. pyramidalis compared to the negative and positive controls, and the diets containing C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia. The spleen and bursa weights and volumes significantly increased in all groups of chickens fed on phyto-additives, compared to the negative control. Except for haematocrit, which significantly increased with C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia in the treatments compared to the negative control, the feed additives did not significantly affect the hematological parameters. Compared to the negative control, T. angustifolia and I. cylindrica significantly increased HDL-cholesterol concentration in broiler chickens’ serum, while all treatment groups were comparable for all the other biochemical parameters. Incorporating 2 g of C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia in broiler chickens’ feed improves feed digestibility, enhances the population of lactic acid bacteria in the gut, and causes subsequent improvement in growth performance.","PeriodicalId":290171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133068001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}