Journal of Allergy and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in Asthma","authors":"M. Mincarini, A. Rogkakou, F. Balbi, G. Passalacqua","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"The use of allergen Specific Immunotherapy (SIT) to treat allergic asthma is still a matter of scientific debate. Currently, there are few studies specifically designed to evaluate asthma, and few studies had a formal sample size calculation, or objective parameters of pulmonary function assessed. On the other hand, there are good quality trials with both Subcutaneous Immuno-therapy (SCIT) and Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) in allergic rhinitis, where asthma symptoms were also evaluated, if present. These studies consistently reported positive results. Moreover, several favourable meta-analyses are available, although their validity is limited by the great heterogeneity of the trials included. The disease modifying effect of SIT that is the capacity of preventing asthma onset should be also taken into account. \u0000Concerning the safety, fatalities seem to be an exceptional event, and in Europe no fatality has been reported over the last two decades. Uncontrolled asthma is universally recognized as the most important risk factor for severe adverse events. \u0000In conclusion, both SLIT and SCIT can be used in asthma associated with rhinitis (which is the most common condition), provided that asthma is adequately controlled by pharmacotherapy. In such case, a measurable clinical benefit on asthma symptoms can be expected. Nonetheless, SIT cannot be presently recommended as single therapy when asthma is the unique manifestation of respiratory allergy.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"471 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of IL4C-590T and IL4RA 175V and Immunological Parameters in Egyptian Asthmatics with Different Clinical Phenotypes","authors":"M. Zedan, A. Bakr, B. Shouman, H. Zaghloul, M. Al-Haggar, M. Zedan, A. Osman","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Circulating cytokines and genetic patterns may help to discriminate certain asthma phenotypes. \u0000 \u0000Methods: Eighty two uncontrolled asthmatic children and twenty controls were enrolled in the study. After validation of asthma symptoms, three proposed phenotypes were formed: cough, Shortness Of Breath (SOB), and cough with SOB. Measurement of pulmonary function tests, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO), eosinophilic percentage, serum levels of total IgE, IL-17 and IL-9 were done. Two Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL4 and IL4RA were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. \u0000 \u0000Results: Regarding SNP IL4RA-175V, cases showed heterozygous AG predominance whereas controls showed more homozygous GG genotype. Cough group showed significant decrease in both FEV1/FVC ratio in comparison to SOB and cough with SOB groups. Also, this group showed strong inverse relationship between FEV1 values and serum IL-9. In addition, there was significant increase in serum levels of IL-17 among homozygous CC compared to CT heterozygous patients of SNP IL-4C 590T in both cough group and SOB group. Cough with SOB group showed significant increase of serum levels of IL-9 when compared to cough group. Also, it showed elevated serum level of IL-9 compared to the other two phenotypes among individuals with IL4RA 175V AA and GG genotypes. SOB group showed higher prevalence of TT genotype of SNP IL-4C 590T in comparison to the cough group. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: Our data show diversity in genotyping and cytokine profiles between asthma as a group and the proposed clinical phenotypes. This diversity clarifies the importance of classifying asthma depending on the proposed symptomatology.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114843006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Prick Test in the Diagnosis of Allergy in the Perioperative Period-8 Year Experience","authors":"G. Michalska-Krzanowska","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological studies indicate an increase in allergies in the perioperative period. Some allergens can be lifethreatening. One of the most difficult and time-consuming issues in practical allergology is to diagnose the reactioninducing agent, particularly in the perioperative period. The paper presents various aspects of the diagnosis of allergy highlighting the usefulness of skin prick testing. The study involved 52 patients (42 women and 10 men). They were selected out of 72,380 patients anaesthetized for surgeries in 2003 and 2010. The physical examination of patients who experienced allergy determined the location, extent and severity of side effects. The tests were always conducted after inserting an intravenous catheter, under full safety conditions. A positive reaction after allergen application occurred in the form of a wheal of 3 mm or more in diameter and erythema. Patients were subjected to skin prick tests and intradermal tests using all anaesthetic drugs, including NMBAs, applied during anaesthesia (according to the anaesthesia protocol). Four patients (7.69 %) had positive SPT to latex, which showed clearly that it was the causative factor of the reaction. One of the patients (1.92 %) had positive SPT to atracurium, the others to augmentin and pethidine. Three patients (5.76%) had positive SPT to NMBA (atracurium, cisatracurium, rocuronium) (wheal size greater than 3 mm compared to the negative control). Positive intradermal test results to NMBA were identified in 27 patients (51.92 %). Patients received a written notice of the occurrence of suspected anaphylactic reaction during anaesthesia, the potential cause and the implemented therapeutic procedure. Increased dermographism made the skin tests in patients difficult to interpret, and therefore the following results were also taken into account: tryptase, specific IgE and clinical symptoms manifested during anaesthesia, recorded in patient records. Detailed history, skin prick testing, laboratory methods, and double-blind placebo-controlled challenges are still the gold standard for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity, although sometimes results can lead to difficulties of interpretation or can be even misleading.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130047986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repairing a Compromised Skin Barrier in Dermatitis: Leveraging the Skin's Ability to Heal Itself","authors":"Cheryl Lee D Eberting, G. Coman, Nicholas Blickenstaff","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Skin barrier defects play a major role in many dermatoses including irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, dry skin, aged skin, xerosis, rosacea, acne and more. Skin barrier repair technology has heretofore focused on physiologic skin lipid replacement and skin protection without addressing the myriad other areas of compromise such as an elevated pH, balance of the microbiome, inflammation, succeptibility to infection, aberrant calcium gradients and the proclivity for contact sensitization. By changing the paradigm from physiologic skin lipid supplementation to that of supplementing the epidermis with lipids that have recently been found to be particularly deficient from the disrupted skin barrier, and by simultaneously addressing the many facets of vulnerability, the skin barrier can be effectively repaired. This model of advanced skin barrier repair wherein physiologic deficiencies are supplemented and/or augmented may be an effective method for restoring the ability of xerotic and dermatitic skin to heal itself.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122730309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergy Consultation via Smart Glasses: Cases Reports of Real-Time Clinical Decision Support for Suspected Oral Metal Allergy","authors":"C. Hamann, D. Hamann, Kylin Sager, C. Dameff, J. Tully, Beth R Hamann","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We explore and describe clinical experiences of the early adoption of smart glasses, for dermatology/ allergy decision support in two cases of suspected oral metal allergy. \u0000Materials and methods: Smart glasses were used to facilitate physician-dentist communication during dentalexamination for two patients with concerns for metal allergy and bio-incompatibility. \u0000Results: Clinical use of smart glasses has reduced the burden of multiple visits and facilitated coordinated care for complex patients with suspected oral metal allergy. \u0000Conclusions: Smart glasses technology may be used for hands-free videoconferencing during exams and procedures to coordinate care and consult experts in cutaneous allergy, increasing quality of care in complex cases and decreasing patient consults and visits. \u0000Clinical relevance: Smart glasses and other telecommunication devices will play larger roles in healthcare in the future, especially where their use will decrease visits and potentially decrease cost of care.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131555966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Dermatitis: Therapeutics When Avoidance Fails","authors":"E. Welsh, A. Goldenberg, O. Welsh, S. Jacob","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Contact dermatitis is one of the leading reasons to visit a dermatologist. There are two main types of contact dermatitis which result from exposure to chemicals: irritant contact dermatitis, which accounts for 80% of the cases, and allergic contact dermatitis, which accounts for 15%. Dermatologists must be cognizant of these diagnoses and consider appropriate and judicious use of the diagnostic patch test procedure. Once a clinically relevant allergen is diagnosed by patch testing, avoidance is the mainstay of therapy; however, medical management interventions may need to be employed in recalcitrant cases.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"601 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123197510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Ingestion as a Risk Factor to Anaphylaxis During Immunotherapy: a Case Series","authors":"D. Fahmy, Jason K. Lee","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is a common treatment for seasonal and/or perennial rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or asthma. Unfortunately, adverse events may occur during treatment with allergen immunotherapy (AIT), including systemic reactions that may range in severity from cutaneous manifestations to anaphylaxis. Objectives: Although the effect of acetasalicylic acid (ASA) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on mast cells and as cofactors of anaphylaxis have been well-described, their role in the setting of AIT has not. The current practice parameters do not address NSAIDs as a potential risk factor for anaphylaxis with AIT. This article provides a series of cases that offer evidence that these medications should also be used with caution when administering AIT. Results: We describe six cases of patients with various environmental allergies that had been undergoing AIT and experienced anaphylaxis. On history, each of these patients had ingested ASA or NSAIDs within 24 hours of the injection. Four out of the six described patients elected to continue AIT and remain on maintenance doses without incident. These patients made no additional changes with the exception of avoiding NSAIDs 24 hours prior to injection. Conclusions: These cases may bring to attention the role of ASA and other NSAIDs in acting as a co-factor for anaphylaxis in the setting of SCIT. Physicians providing immunotherapy may wish to ensure that their discussion of the risks and benefits of the treatment include information that ASA and NSAID use prior to receiving therapy may increase the risk of a systemic reaction. Patients may wish to use a safer alternative if such exists.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124996438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Combining Fish Oil and Vitamin C on Airway Inflammation and Hyperpnea-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthma","authors":"T. Mickleborough, M. Lindley","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare the effects of two mono-therapies (fish oil and vitamin C) alone and in combination, on airway inflammation and the bronchoconstrictor response to eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) in asthmatics. \u0000Methods: Sixteen asthmatic subjects with hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) entered the study on their usual diet (pre-treatment, n=16) and then randomly assigned to receive either active vitamin C tablets (1.5 g) and placebo fish oil capsules (n=8) or active fish oil capsules (3.2 g EPA/2.0 g DHA) and placebo vitamin C tablets (n=8) taken for 3 weeks. Thereafter, all subjects (combination treatment; n=16) underwent a further 3-week treatment period consisting of active vitamin C tablets and active fish oil capsules taken daily (NT01057615). \u0000Results: HIB was significantly inhibited (p<0.017) by fish oil, vitamin C and combination treatment compared to pre-treatment (usual diet); percent fall in post-EVH forced expiratory volume in 1-sec was 18.8 + 5.7%, 9.7 + 5.4%, 10.5 ± 10.2% and 10.7 ± 9.3% on the usual diet, fish oil, vitamin C and combination treatment respectively. All three treatments, compared to the usual diet, were associated with a significant reduction (p<0.017) in the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide and bronchodilator use, and improvement in asthma symptom scores and exhaled breath condensate pH. There was no significant difference between treatment groups for any dependent variables. \u0000Conclusion: While fish oil and vitamin C supplementation are both effective in attenuating airway inflammation and HIB, combining these two nutrients does not confer a greater anti-inflammatory effect or suppression of HIB than either intervention alone.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133898536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acetaminophen Overdoses in a Mouse Model of Inflammation Induced by Freund's Adjuvants","authors":"Noel Pérez García, O. F. Lores, Deivys Leandro Portuondo Fuentes, Damiana Téllez Martínez, Juan Betancourt Hern, Ez, Lidia Páez Rivas, O. Martín, Alex, er Batista-Duharte","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen (APAP) is often used as an analgesic and antipyretic during the inflammatory process. Its toxicity in overdoses depends on the integrity of the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP). The oxidative drug metabolism mediated by CYP can be inhibited during inflammatory diseases or after use of immuno-stimulants drugs and vaccines. The objective of this work was to evaluate if inflammation is able to modulate the toxicity of APAP. Five female Balb/c mice were injected subcutaneously with Freund Complete Adjuvant (FCA), and boosted with Freund’s Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA) at 14th day. Then, they were treated with 360 mg/kg of acetaminophen orally during the 14th, 15th and 16th days. Convenient control groups were included with APAP administration without immuno-stimulation. Serum levels of IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, α-1-acid glycoprotein (α-1-AGP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hepatic CYP2E1 expression were measured. Inoculation site of adjuvants and liver histopathological responses were also evaluated. FCA/FIA injection produced acute inflammatory response in the inoculation site and increased serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, α-1-AGP and LDH with reduction of hepatic CYP2E1 expression. A reduction of liver damage induced by APAP overdoses was also observed, suggesting that inflammatory processes can be protective against APAP hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115071502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevention of New Sensitizations by Specific Immunotherapy: A Long-Term Observational Case Control Study","authors":"A. Bozek, R. Gawlik, J. Jarząb","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Some studies have indicated that allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) may prevent new sensitizations to other inhalant allergens; however, there are only a few longitudinal observations that have explored this event. The aim of this study was to perform a 20 year post-SIT observational analysis to assess the appearance of new sensitizations in SIT patients compared with non-SIT patients. \u0000Material and methods: In total, 1,420 atopic bronchial asthma or/and allergic rhinitis patients (701 women and 719 men) with a mean age of 21.2 ± 9.2 years (at the time when the SIT concluded) were evaluated twenty years after their immunotherapies. New sensitization cases were determined by evaluating skin prick tests, allergen specific IgE and the clinical symptoms that were evaluated prior to and 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after SIT. The SIT group was compared with a control group consisting of 1,254 allergic patients who had never received SIT and had only received symptomatic treatments. \u0000Results: After 20 years, 301 (21.2%) patients in the 4-5 year SIT group showed a new sensitization compared with 509 (40.6%) control group patients (p=0.004). In monosensitized SIT patients (n=886), there were significantly more new sensitizations in the control group (n=624): 69 (7.8%) vs. 195 (31.3%) (p=0.001). The odds ratio of the post-SIT new sensitization incidence in the whole group was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.55-0.92), whereas it was 1.32 in the control group (95% CI: 1.22-1.45). \u0000Conclusion: The obtained data suggests a preventive role for specific immunotherapy in new sensitizations, especially in monosensitized patients.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132182266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}