Journal of Allergy and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Ige-Mediated Allergy in Children: SpecificIge by Component-Based-Allergen Microarray","authors":"F. Rea, L. D'urbano, R. Luciano, M. Muraca, L. Dall'Oglio, G. Cavagni, P. Angelis","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Atopy is prevalent in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) but the relative role of airborn and food allergens in the etiopathogenesis is still incompletely understood; allergic immediate and delayed reactions are involved. \u0000Objective: We characterized the sIgE profile by a component-based allergen microarray with highly purified allergens in EoE in comparison with traditional sIgE assay and we evaluated a possible correlation between clinical features and sIgE results. \u0000Methods: In 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with EoE, three diagnostic tests were performed: skin prick test (SPT), ImmunoCAPi£¨ i€ sIgE and an allergen component microarray chip called ImmunoCAPi£¨ ISAC. The ISAC chips cover 103 recombinant or purified allergen molecules including food, airborn and cross-reactive allergens. \u0000Results: Out of the 30 patients, 15, 16 and 17 of the patients were sensitized as assess with SPT, ISAC and ImmunoCAPi£¨ respectively. Thirteen of the patients were multi-sensitized. The three diagnostic methods were in good agreement for all patients; the ISAC method provided new information in 8 patients, not revealed by the traditional tests, either by detection of panallergens or unsuspected triggering allergens. \u0000Conclusions: sIgE detection by the ISAC microarray revealed that airborne allergens and panallergens are more frequently involved than food allergens in our population. The ISAC data were in agreement with both traditional tests and doctor’s diagnosis/open challenge and revealed new information that can improve understanding of the EoE pathogenesis and management. \u0000Key message: immune-solid phase allergen chip (ISAC) gives new information about cross reactive molecules and identification of panallergens, which are not possible to obtain from traditional test.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple House Dust Mite Allergen- Sensitization Profiles in Children with Allergic Asthma","authors":"J. Yap, M. Ching, C. Cabanilla, J. D. Ramos","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder which affects populations, with increasing prevalence among children. The risk of developing asthma is uncertain but depends on the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The role of house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure in the development of sensitization and asthma remains unclear. \u0000Objective: This study determined the sensitization profiles of common HDM species in a population of asthmatic children, which is essential in the development of highly specific and accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for asthma in children. \u0000Methods: The immunoglobulin E-binding activity of allergens from the HDM species Blomia tropicalis (Bt), Dermatophagoides farina (Df), and Dermatopahagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) were determined in 250 age- and sexmatched paediatric allergic asthma and non-atopic Filipino subjects using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. \u0000Results: Majority of the allergic asthma patients tested were sensitized with multiple allergens from different HDM species where 33% exhibited sensitizations to any two HDM species and 26% were sensitized with allergens from three HDMs. HDM allergens of different molecular weights bind to IgE in allergic asthma patients tested. In addition a significant correlation was observed between total IgE and HDM-specific IgE level among allergic asthma patients (Bt p-value=0.038; Df p-value=0.045; Dp p-value=0.003), suggesting a significant contribution of dust mite allergens in the up-regulation of total serum IgE levels of allergic asthma patients. \u0000Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the HDM species Bt, Dp, and Df are important sources of allergens that trigger multiple sensitization in children with allergic asthma in the Filipino population. The incorporation of Bt, Dp, and Df allergens in the panel of diagnostic allergens for HDM allergy and allergic asthma is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123050829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Prick Test Reactivity to Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis Children in Guangzhou, Southern China","authors":"Jie Zhong, Dabo Liu, Zhen-yun Huang, J. Zhong","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study reviewed skin prick test (SPT) positive results to various aeroallergens among 2136 children with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Guangzhou City, Southern China. Most (74.67%) of the 2136 children who underwent skin test showed positive reaction to 2-4 allergens. The allergen group with the highest positive incidence was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (der.p.) at 93.16%, followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (der.f.) at 86.23%, Tropical mites at 40.73%, Cat hair at 20.32% and Blattella germanica at 19.62%. Dust mites (der.p. & der.f) yielded strong positive reaction trend on AR children. The positive rate of der.p.,Cat hair and Blattella germanica was higher in school children group than preschool children group. Except for Blattella germanica, sensitization to every tested allergen varied in four season groups. These allergens should be given the highest priority when making the allergen avoidance strategies for AR children.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Ocular Effects of Mustard Gas Poisoning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iraqi Kurdish Civilians","authors":"M. Naderi, M. Ghanei, K. Jadidi, Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki, Z. Poursaleh","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iraqi forces utilized a range of chemical weapons including sulfur mustard (SM) and other unknown chemical warfare agents against Iraqi Kurdish civilians in the 1980s. Little data exist regarding the chronic and delayed destructive lesions in the ocular organ caused by this exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the severity of eye injuries in Kurdish subjects with chronic and delayed-onset mustard gas lesions. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted by simple random sampling on 303 people who had history of exposure to chemical weapons in February 2009 in Sulaimany, Iraq. Medical history, symptoms, ocular conditions, clinical course, and treatment measures were reviewed. Statistical analysis was accomplished using SPSS/18, Chi-square test. \u0000Results: The present samples comprised of 49.8% were male and 50.2% were female. The mean age of the patients was 43.7 ± 13.1. Ophthalmic symptoms including tearing (96.7%), itching (96.0%), red eye (95.4%), blurred vision (84.2%), and vision loss (37.3%) were most common in subjects from Halabja, who also made up the majority of participants. Moderate to severe mustard gas keratitis was seen in 12.9% subjects (n=39), and severe complications were most common in subjects from Dukan. \u0000Conclusion: The investigation findings suggest that the need of Iraqi Kurdish chemical warfare victims with moderate to severe ophthalmologic complications for the provision of healthcare and follow-up is urgent. Further research also is necessary to measure the results of follow-up on Kurdish victims with mustard gas keratitis.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126290715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment after Accidental Injection with Epinephrine Autoinjector: A Systematic Review","authors":"Michael Wright","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epinephrine (adrenaline) autoinjectors are increasingly prescribed for the emergency management of severe allergic reactions. There is an increasing incidence of unintentional administration of these devices, typically into a digit. Digital epinephrine has theoretical dangers of ischemia and gangrene and multiple interventions have been advocated in the treatment of these unintentional administrations of epinephrine. \u0000Objective: This systematic literature review examines available evidence about unintentional epinephrine digital injections, in order to advise appropriate treatment. \u0000Methods: Systematic searches were made of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus), reference screening and forward citation searching. Application of inclusion and exclusion criteria: Findings of included articles were summarized and data analyzed. \u0000Results: This literature review found limited published material on the topic. Four observational studies (retrospective cohort studies) and seven case series have been published, along with a number of single case reports. The data described complete recovery of almost all (greater than 99%) patients exposed to a digital epinephrine injection by autoinjector- regardless of treatment. Most patients received no pharmacological treatment. Case reports suggest that recovery may be quicker with use of subcutaneous phentolamine or terbutaline than with observation or conservative treatment. A small number of patients (from one database and one case series) suffered long term or severe effects from the digital epinephrine injection. \u0000Conclusion: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that accidental injection with epinephrine autoinjector may be managed conservatively in most cases. Evidence to date suggests conservative treatment (observation and/or local heat) will result in full recovery in the vast majority of patients. Treatment with locally injected phentolamine or terbutaline appears to rapidly reverse vasconstriction. There have been a small number of reports of incomplete recovery. This limited evidence needs to be interpreted with caution due to potential selection bias and misclassification. Further observational and randomized experimental research is needed to determine when pharmacological treatment is indicated and if it improves patient outcomes. Patient and carer education about proper use of individual autoinjector devices is the best prevention for these events.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126646480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement may Predict Asthma Exacerbation after Stepping down Formoterol/Budesonide Combination Therapy inAdult Asthma","authors":"T. Shirai, T. Kawayama, H. Nagase, H. Inoue, Suguru Sato, K. Asano, H. Kume","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines state that when asthma control is maintained for at least 3 months, treatment can be stepped down; however, prediction tools have not been established for the reappearance of symptoms and increased risk of exacerbation on stepping down treatment. This study was designed to assess whether FeNO measurement predicts asthma exacerbation after stepping down from fixed dose formoterol/budesonide combination (FBC)9/320 μg bid to 4.5/160 μg bid (UMIN000005406). \u0000Methods: Subjects included 37 patients receiving a fixed-dose FBC 9/320 μg bid for at least 3 months, and achieving controlled asthma (GINA) in conjunction with an Asthma Control Questionnaire (5-item version (ACQ5) score ≤ 0.75). Based on the FeNO value at stepping down, patients were classified into 25 patients with FeNO<37 ppb and 12 with FeNO ≥ 37 ppb. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of asthma exacerbation within 8 weeks and from 8 weeks until 12 months. Secondary endpoints, including ACQ5, FeNO, and pulmonary function tests, were measured at baseline and until 8 weeks. \u0000Results: There was no difference in the incidence of exacerbation between patients with FeNO ≥ 37 ppb and those with FeNO<37 ppb within 8 weeks; however, in a long-term follow up until 12 months, the incidence was significantly higher in patients with FeNO ≥ 37 ppb than in those with FeNO<37 ppb (odds ratio 11.33, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 88.52).There was no statistically significant differencein changes in ACQ5, pulmonary functions, and FeNO between the 2 groups by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance. \u0000Conclusions: Higher FeNO levels may predict asthma exacerbation not within a short period of time, but in a long-term follow-up after stepping down FBC therapy in adult asthma.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121892055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Acetaminophen in the Development of Dementia","authors":"G. Jones","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"In a little over a century Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) has grown in importance from a rare and poorly understood condition into a scourge of international dimensions, one which leads to premature mental incapacitation and the deaths of millions every year. The exponential manner in which the number of sufferers has been increasing in many parts of the world [1] rightly concerns political leaders [2]. Searches for a major risk factor for ATD have been disappointingly unsuccessful [3], although in 1971 [4] phenacetin was unambiguously implicated in its etiology. The link between ATD and the coal tar analgesics phenacetin [4] and acetaminophen, its chief metabolite [5], continues to be disregarded.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122901139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Immunotherapy in Allergic Respiratory Diseases: Reappraisal of Current Knowledge","authors":"Rita Arrigo, N. Scichilone","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma are induced by sensitization to one or more allergens in susceptible individuals. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is indicated in allergic diseases, because it modulates the immune response inducing peripheral T-cell tolerance and activation of regulatory T-cells. On this basis, SIT is considered the only therapeutic approach that can modify the natural history of the allergic diseases. The development of engineered-allergen has contributed to reduce the allergenicity thus preventing the risk of side effects. The monomeric allergoids, with structural conformation and molecular size that facilitate the mucosal absorption, carry a lower risk for side effects compared to the administration of native allergens, maintaining the immunological stimulation. The efficacy of SIT, administered percutaneously (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT), has been largely demonstrated in rhino-conjunctivitis; moreover, clinical trials have also demonstrated the efficacy of immunotherapy in allergic asthma. A therapeutic effect on asthma control has been shown in asthmatic subjects allergic to house dust mites, parietaria or grass pollen. An important and intriguing aspect of immunotherapy, not shared with the standard pharmacological treatments, is the long-lasting effect after discontinuation. In this respect, several SLIT studies in adults and children have clearly shown that the beneficial effects are maintained for up to 6 years after discontinuation of immunotherapy. The current review describes the main indications for SIT, and discusses its efficacy and safety in allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124728533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buckwheat Allergy: An Emerging Clinical Problem in Europe","authors":"E. Heffler, S. Pizzimenti, I. Badiu, G. Guida, G. Rolla","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"Buckwheat allergy is a clinical entity known since long time ago and frequent in Asia, where this crop is commonly eaten. In Europe, buckwheat allergy was an anedoctical description since few years ago, when the consumption of buckwheat dramatically increased together with the publication of case reports and case series of European patients with buckwheat allergy. \u0000This review article describes and analyzes the history of buckwheat allergy, its clinical presentation, its increase in European countries during the last few years, and summarizes the main case reports, case series and epidemiological surveys on buckwheat allergy. \u0000A summary of main buckwheat allergens and clinical relevant cross-reactivity are also described and discussed.","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134110862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Sensitization to Food Allergens in Patients with Rhinitis Mean Food Allergy","authors":"N. Rosário, L. Araujo","doi":"10.4172/2155-6121.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6121.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"J Allergy Ther ISSN:2155-6121 JAT an open access journal Volume 5 • Issue 2 • 1000167 Molecular based diagnostics (MD) is used to map the allergen sensitization of a patient at a molecular level, using allergen components instead of total allergenic extracts. It is increasingly entering routine care and currently, there are more than 130 allergen components available for in vitro specific IgE testing [1,2]. One of the main roles of MD is in food allergy diagnosis and prevention: resolving genuine versus cross-reactive sensitization to an allergen component, thereby improving the understanding of triggering allergens and assessing the risk of severe reactions based on defining allergen stability [1-3].","PeriodicalId":290131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Therapy","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124058435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}