Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management最新文献_第5页

Modelling the Incentive to Participate in Open Source Biopharmaceutical Innovation 参与开源生物制药创新的激励建模

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2009-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00577.x

M. Allarakhia, D. Marc Kilgour, J. David Fuller

{"title":"Modelling the Incentive to Participate in Open Source Biopharmaceutical Innovation","authors":"M. Allarakhia, D. Marc Kilgour, J. David Fuller","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00577.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00577.x","url":null,"abstract":"The open source model provides a valuable framework for collective knowledge production and dissemination. Open knowledge networks and other cooperative strategies (classified as open source discovery initiatives) are enabling biopharmaceutical companies to access disembodied knowledge-based resources critical to downstream drug development. The objective of these cooperative strategic alliances is to preserve the downstream technological opportunities for multiple firms. When upstream discovery research cannot yield commercial products and when the costs associated with excessive upstream competition are too high, companies jointly benefit from cooperative knowledge production and open knowledge dissemination. An analysis of 39 open source initiatives (consortia) provides us with information on: the likely participants in such initiatives, the focus of knowledge production activities, the characteristics of the knowledge generated, and the management of joint knowledge assets. Based on this analysis, we use game models to understand the decision to participate in such strategic alliances better. Our game models provide a simple but elegant framework for understanding the impact of changing knowledge structures on the payoffs associated with cooperation and defection in knowledge production, and therefore on behaviour.","PeriodicalId":289875,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123494251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Contributing Beyond the Call of Duty: Examining the Role of Culture in Fostering Citizenship Behavior and Success in Project-Based Work 超越使命的贡献:检视文化在培养公民行为和项目工作成功中的作用

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2009-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00573.x

Z. Aronson, T. Lechler

{"title":"Contributing Beyond the Call of Duty: Examining the Role of Culture in Fostering Citizenship Behavior and Success in Project-Based Work","authors":"Z. Aronson, T. Lechler","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00573.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00573.x","url":null,"abstract":"Shifting goals, priorities and evolving customer demands require an exceptional effort, beyond the call of duty, on the part of employees to increase the likelihood for successful implementation of technologically driven projects. Our model posits that citizenship behavior, which captures individuals' behavior that goes above and beyond prescribed roles, effects project success and is influenced by the culture that exists in the project. We provide support for the model utilizing 222 participants in 71 product development, IT implementation and engineering projects, originating in firms from various industries in the United States using structural equation modeling. Owing to the constraints typically facing project managers, in terms of personnel availability and control over rewards, our findings suggest that project culture can be used by managers as an alternative lever to trigger employees' citizenship behavior, which in turn drives success. We provide valuable implications for individuals assigned to lead projects, who are concerned with aligning project culture with citizenship behavior, as part of their planning activities.","PeriodicalId":289875,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125208554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Innovation Communities: The Role of Networks of Promotors in Open Innovation 创新社区:开放式创新促进者网络的作用

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00562.x

K. Fichter

引用次数: 263

Community Engineering for Innovations: The Ideas Competition as a Method to Nurture a Virtual Community for Innovations 创新社区工程:创意竞赛作为培育虚拟创新社区的一种方法

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00564.x

Winfried Ebner, J. Leimeister, H. Krcmar

{"title":"Community Engineering for Innovations: The Ideas Competition as a Method to Nurture a Virtual Community for Innovations","authors":"Winfried Ebner, J. Leimeister, H. Krcmar","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00564.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00564.x","url":null,"abstract":"‘Crowdsourcing’ is currently one of the most discussed key words within the open innovation community. The major question for both research and business is how to find and lever the enormous potential of the ‘collective brain’ to broaden the scope of ‘open R&D’. Based on a literature review in the fields of Community Building and Innovation Management, this work develops an integrated framework called ‘Community Engineering for Innovations’. This framework is evaluated in an Action Research project – the case of an ideas competition for an ERP Software company. The case ‘SAPiens’ includes the design, implementation and evaluation of an IT-supported ideas competition within the SAP University Competence Center (UCC) User Group. This group consists of approximately 60,000 people (lecturers and students) using SAP Software for educational purposes. The current challenges are twofold: on the one hand, there is not much activity yet in this community. On the other, SAP has not attempted to systematically address this highly educated group for idea generation or innovation development so far. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a framework for a community-based innovation development that generates innovations, process and product ideas in general and for SAP Research, in particular, combining the concepts of idea competitions and virtual communities. Furthermore, the concept aims at providing an interface to SAP Human Resources processes in order to identify the most promising students in this virtual community. This paper is the first to present an integrated concept for IT-supported idea competitions in virtual communities for leveraging the potential of crowds that is evaluated in a real-world setting.","PeriodicalId":289875,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126081709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 430

Exploring the Internal and External Venturing of Large R&D-Intensive Firms 大型研发密集型企业的内部风险与外部风险研究

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2009-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00553.x

Christopher Williams, Soo－Hyoung Lee

引用次数: 33

Impact of New Product Development (NPD) Proficiency and NPD Entry Strategies on Product Quality and Risk 新产品开发熟练度和新产品开发进入策略对产品质量和风险的影响

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2008-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00534.x

M. Millson, D. Wilemon

{"title":"Impact of New Product Development (NPD) Proficiency and NPD Entry Strategies on Product Quality and Risk","authors":"M. Millson, D. Wilemon","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00534.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00534.x","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the variation of new product quality and risk associated with New Product Development (NPD) entry strategies (e.g. in-house developments and joint ventures). Our first two research questions examine the quality of new products and the variation of risk across five NPD entry strategies. Our third and fourth research questions investigate the association of the proficiency with which NPD technical activities are performed with new product quality and the risk involved in developing new products. Our final two research questions explore whether the type of NPD entry strategy mediates the association between the proficiency with which NPD technical activities are performed and the quality and risk associated with the development of new products. Our study focuses on new products developed by three major industries, namely medical devices, electrical equipment, and heavy construction equipment. Our research suggests that there is no difference in the quality or the risk associated with the development of new products across NPD entry strategies. We also found that new product quality was associated with the proficient performance of many NPD technical activities whereas risk was associated with the proficient performance of fewer NPD technical activities. We found that choice of NPD entry strategy mediates the relationship between new product quality and NPD technical activity proficiency. Unlike product quality, NPD entry strategy selection appears to mediate NPD risk minimally. Our study contributes to NPD knowledge and managerial decision making by pointing out that the technical activities performed during the early stages of the NPD process are important to the attainment of a quality product and positively, not negatively, associated with perceived NPD risk. Additionally, our study extends knowledge of the association between proficiently performed NPD technical activities and the resultant product quality and perceived risk felt when individual NPD entry strategies are implemented.","PeriodicalId":289875,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131742240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Project Valuation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Comparison of Least-Squares Monte Carlo Real Option Valuation and Conventional Approaches 医药行业项目估值:最小二乘蒙特卡罗实物期权估值与传统方法的比较

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2008-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00530.x

B. Willigers, T. L. Hansen

{"title":"Project Valuation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Comparison of Least-Squares Monte Carlo Real Option Valuation and Conventional Approaches","authors":"B. Willigers, T. L. Hansen","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00530.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00530.x","url":null,"abstract":"Least-squares Monte Carlo simulation (LSM) is a promising new technique for valuing real options that has received little or no attention in the pharmaceutical industry. This study demonstrates that LSM can handle complex valuation situations with multiple uncertainties and compounded American-type options. The limited application of real option valuation (ROV) in the pharmaceutical industry is remarkable, given the importance of accurate project valuation in an industry that requires large investments in high-risk projects with long pay-back periods, which is furthermore suffering from ever-increasing development costs and shrinking profit margins. The LSM model developed in this study is constructed as an extension of a discounted cash flow model that should be familiar to economists active in the pharmaceutical industry. A number of pharmaceutical projects have been evaluated using LSM ROV, binominal real option valuation and expected net present value techniques. The different results yielded by these methods are explained in terms of differences in risking assumptions and ability to capture the value of flexibility. The analysis provides a framework to introduce the basic concepts of real option pricing to a non-specialist audience. The LSM model illustrates the potential for real-life commercial assessment as the versatility of the technique allows for an easy customisation to specific business problems.","PeriodicalId":289875,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133459901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

A Qualitative Study of Inter-Organizational Knowledge Management in Complex Products and Systems Development 复杂产品和系统开发中组织间知识管理的定性研究

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2008-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00523.x

E. Ngai, Chen Jin, Tong Liang

引用次数: 39

Radical Innovation through Internal Corporate Venturing: Degussa's Commercialization of Nanomaterials 通过内部企业冒险的激进创新:德固赛纳米材料的商业化

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2008-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00521.x

E. Maine

{"title":"Radical Innovation through Internal Corporate Venturing: Degussa's Commercialization of Nanomaterials","authors":"E. Maine","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00521.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00521.x","url":null,"abstract":"Internal corporate venturing enables radical innovation within established firms in mature markets. Without effectively designed and managed internal corporate ventures, the organizational constraints of established firms will strongly favour incremental innovation over radical innovation. This paper investigates the evolution of a successful internal corporate venture within a large, incumbent chemical firm, now known as Evonik Degussa, to reveal the challenges, organizational design, and management strategies of their commercialization of radical nanomaterials technology. The commercialization of nanomaterials technology is of great interest to incumbent materials and chemical firms and to independent ventures, but the radical, generic, and capital intensive nature of nanomaterials technology requires organizational and managerial innovation. This case study demonstrates a model to enable growth through radical innovation in nanomaterials, while taking advantage of an incumbent firm's capabilities and complementary assets. Organizational strategies include incubation from a risk-adverse culture, relatively long timelines for evaluation, and a high-level steering committee. Managerial strategies focus on product development, risk reduction, and active risk management.","PeriodicalId":289875,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

New Directions in R&D: Current and Prospective Challenges 研发新方向:当前和未来的挑战

Wiley-Blackwell: R&D Management Pub Date : 2008-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00519.x

J. Howells

引用次数: 92