Fine Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Production of Acetic Acid and Whey Protein from Cheese Whey in a Hybrid Reactor under Response Surface Optimized Conditions","authors":"Jayato Nayak, S. Chakrabortty","doi":"10.37256/fce.4120232364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.4120232364","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental investigations were carried out in a membrane-integrated hybrid bio-reactor system for direct and continuous production of acetic acid and whey protein from waste cheese whey under response surface optimized conditions. In this novel scheme of fermentative production, using Acetobactor aceti, the major operating parameters such as temperature, concentrations of yeast extract, and glucose were optimized. Under the set of optimum operating conditions (temperature of 300 °C, pH of 6.0, yeast extract concentration of 15 g/L and glucose concentration of 44 g/ L), more than 95% pure acetic acid was produced with a concentration of 84.1 g/L, yield of 97.4% and productivity of 7.2 g/(L· h). Simultaneous production of whey protein powder makes the process more economically viable. Findings indicate that acetic acid could be produced directly and continuously from waste cheese whey with high productivity, yield and purity under response surface optimized conditions, in a simple, flexible, energy-saving and environmentally benign membrane-integrated hybrid reactor system.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulating Antimicrobial Activity in Aspirin with Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum Extracts against Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Spp: A Comparative Study of Multiple Combinations","authors":"Mathew Gideon, Z. Ladan, Emmanuel K. Duniya, Mamman A. James, Samuel Dennis","doi":"10.37256/fce.4120232370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.4120232370","url":null,"abstract":"Factros such as gene mutation and transfer, some inappropriate uses and diagnostics, and the prescription of antibiotics to undiagnosed patients has significantly led to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria, which is also hampering our ability to treat infections. As the declines of new antibiotics, scientists and researchers keep trying to develop or propose some synergistic combinations of antibiotics with medicinal plants extracts in an effort to boost their antimicrobial activities against drug resistant bacteria. This work aimed to develop a cocktail regimen, which will be highly susceptible to confirmed drug resistant clinical isolate of Salmonella spp, using Tetracycline, Co-trimoxazole, Aspirin, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum extract alongside minimizing toxicity potential. Twenty-four (24) different combinations were made from 10 µg/mL of Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline and Aspirin with each clove extract and separately again with guava extract. Eighteen (18) of them were combined in three different stages (6 each) using concentrated Tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid (H2SO4) and 0.1 Molar sodium hydroxide (NaOH), while 31 antimicrobial disks were prepared and tested on Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that Scl, a stage 1 combination of Co-trimoxaazole with clove extract; Ac2, a stage 2 combination of Aspirin and clove extract; Ag2,  a stage 2 combination of Aspirin and guava leave extract were all susceptible to the confirmed resistant isolate of Salmonella spp. Ag2 had the best zone of inhibition better than Ciprofloxacin inhibition zone at 20 µg/mL. Aspirin was the best precursor drug which favourably combines with both clove and guava extract to give a desired cocktail regimen with potential antimicrobial characteristics. Hence, it is needed to identify the compounds obtained in this combinations, isolates, and purify their active principles, and subjected to other pharmacological test to ascertain if they can be used to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria and other pathogenic organisms.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116514981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Matrix Materials for Composites: Their Variety, Scope and Applications","authors":"G. S. Mukherjee, Amit Jain, M. Banerjee","doi":"10.37256/fce.4120232128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.4120232128","url":null,"abstract":"Matrices are essentially binders for the reinforcements of composite material. Appropriate selection of fine chemicals is vital for the creation of desired matrices for generating composite materials. In fact, matrix is a subclass of a composite material. Matrices are generally of four kinds such as (i) polymer (hard as well as flexible), (ii) metal, (iii) ceramic, and (iv) cement. Each type of these subclasses of the matrix is discussed with a brief of their pros and cons. Polymer matrices are generally organic based whereas metal or ceramic matrices are inorganic in nature. Hard plastic matrix as well as flexible rubbery matrix are also discussed in the light of their applications. Carbon as matrix material for hi-tech C/C (carbon/carbon) composite materials is also stated. Cement is a special kind of inorganic matrix material because of its very special solidification mechanism during the formation of concrete composite; and it carries bulk values in the engineering area. For higher temperatures, carbon, ceramic or metal matrix materials are useful. Ceramics possess various conductivities, but they have poor tensile strength despite their ability to afford high-temperature products. Generally lightweight metals such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, and intermetallics such as Ni-aluminide and Ti-aluminide are used; and the operating temperature can be extended to 2000 °C. The advantages of metal matrices are higher strength and ductility than those of polymers. Carbon matrix based carbon/carbon (C/C) composites can be used even at the temperature of ~3000 °C, but are preferred only in critical engineering areas of applications. Different types of matrix material may also prove to be efficacious constituent item for innovative design of integrated structure in the ever challenging area of Blast and penetration resistant materials (BPRM).","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115899495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Combinatorial Strategy for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Clinical Bacteria by Combining Antibiotics with Plant Extracts","authors":"Mathew Gideon, Z. Ladan","doi":"10.37256/fce.4120232071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.4120232071","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria resistance to antibiotics used for the treatment of infections and diseases is of global concern. Medicinal plants have been used as the primary sources of plants' active ingredients or lead compounds in drug development. The combination of various antimicrobial agents to obtain a synergistic effect is considered an ideal strategy for combating bacteria resistance. In this work, a constant repetitive synergy in all combinations was achieved by adding 0.3 mL of concentrated tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid, H2SO4 in a mixture of Calotropis procera extract separately with (a) 1 mg/mL Amoxicillin, (b) 1 mg/mL Ampicillin, (c) 100 µg/mL Azithromycin and (d) 100 µg/mL Ampicillin and were heated at 110 °C for 20 minutes. Higher zones of inhibitions were observed at 16.7 mm for Salmonella  spp, 16.4 mm for Shigella spp, 16.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 21.3 mm for Escherichia coli and 22.4 mm for Streptococcus spp in situations where the antibiotics alone zone of inhibition was 0 mm at the same concentration of a, b, c, and d. These increase the regular probability model of obtaining synergism in plant extracts combination with antibiotics as shown by multiple literatures from 33% to 66% at antibiotic concentration of 100 µg/mL and 100% at antibiotic concentration of 1 mg/mL. The validation process using Piliostigma reticulatum extract shows that a volume of 0.1 mL of concentrated tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid in 2 mL of the mixture was enough to induce synergism to combat bacteria resistance. This work shows a cost-effective method where the antimicrobial activity of ineffective antibiotics can be enhanced and optimized using plant extracts. It can also be explored and applied in different ways to identify novel compounds, and isolate and purify their active principles for selectivity, efficacy, safety and their development as clinical trial candidates in antiviral and anticancer research to overcome enormous health challenges.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130117923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Antitumor Organotitanium Complexes with a Pendant Biologically Active Diazo Group","authors":"Gregory G. Arzoumanidis","doi":"10.37256/fce.3220221820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.3220221820","url":null,"abstract":"The ligand of antitumor organotitanium or other metallodrug complexes plays a pivotal role in determining the mechanism of their cytotoxic action. Although the specific contribution of several ligands is generally well established, our understanding of the overall mechanism of the cytotoxic action of the complexes themselves is limited and incomplete in most cases, except perhaps in the case of cis-platin. A strategy to monitor the mode of cytotoxic action of candidate antitumor complexes requires tagging with bioactive side chains like a diazo group, for in-cell site-specific labelling. In this review we discuss new methods for the preparation of potential antitumor organotitanium complexes with a pendant diazo group, aiming at better understanding their mode of cytotoxic action. By introducing this new class of titanium-based potential antitumor agents, we hope to contribute to the world-wide effort in this important area of medicinal chemistry research, for an ultimate usable titanium-based antitumor drug. The following figure represents a model reaction depicting the methodology, for the formation of a bioactive Titanium complex with a pendant diazo group. Moreover, in this case, a scheme is required that represents all the possibilities of formation of the bioactive complex of titanium with a pendant diazo group.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130860104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Uncontrolled Dumping of Solid Waste on Groundwater in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"Favour Ogheneoruese Onoharigho, Emmanuella Oyinegberi Akpodimo, G. Edo","doi":"10.37256/fce.3220221668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.3220221668","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study analyzed physical, chemical and heavy metal properties of groundwater in well water and tap water (6 each) around eight dumpsites in Osun State, Nigeria. Two Batches of Samples were collected (Batch A & B) which were respectively obtained in January and July. Heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and this led to the investigation of the impacts of open dumpsite on groundwater quality, the concentration of the examined variables where compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits of drinking water. Results: The pH in water samples range from 5.2-8.6, conductivity in samples range from 100-260 µS. Nitrate in water samples range from 3.1151 mg/L-12.179 mg/L, chloride in water samples range from 15.2mg/L-151.6 mg/L. Total Hardness (TH) in water samples range from 34 mg/L-146 mg/L, lead in well water range from none detected to 0.97 mg/L and tap water range from 0.00 mg/L-1.00 mg/L. Cadmium in well water range from none detected to 0.007 mg/L and all samples in tap water range from 0.069 mg/L-0.240 mg/L. Some of these parameters were found to exceed the World Health Organization standard limit in well water and tap water. Concentrations ofheavy metals and chemicals parameters such as chromium, lead, and iron were found to be higher in groundwater in batch B tap water and batch A well water, while, total hardness and NOˉ3 were the chemical parameters with higher concentrations in most water samples. Conclusion: The result shows that some groundwater sources are unfitted for the consumption in Osun State.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128215935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Isotherm and Kinetics for Remediation of Congo Red Using Nanocomposite Bead","authors":"P. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, Dhiman Santra, Shanku Denrah, M. Sarkar","doi":"10.37256/fce.3220221541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.3220221541","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose-based nanocomposite (FeCNB) has been synthesized via sol-gel conversion for adsorptive remediation of Congo red, a carcinogenic and mutagenic azo dye, from water. The bead was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, shaking speed, initial dye concentration and temperature was carried out in a batch adsorption study. The maximum removal of Congo red was found at pH 6.0, corresponding to the adsorbent dose of 1.0 gdm-3 and 90 min of contact time. The experimental data were analyzed using different isotherm and kinetic models. The data was fitted best to Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity evaluated from Langmuir isotherm is 3.52 mgg-1 at 303 K. Thermodynamic study was carried out to evaluate the changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG0 ), enthalpy (ΔH0 ) and entropy (ΔS0 ) of the dye-adsorbent interaction. The negative ΔG0 values at all temperatures suggested the spontaneous nature; the positive ΔH0 value indicated the endothermic nature and the positive ΔS0 indicated the increased randomness of the adsorption process. Desorption study found 0.1 (M) NaOH as the most suitable eluting agent for dye-loaded adsorbent. The adsorbent can be used up to five successive cycles of adsorption-desorption.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126242628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxic Activity of Hexane Extract from Lasiosphaera nipponica","authors":"Manoharan Karuppiah Pillai","doi":"10.37256/fce.3220221414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.3220221414","url":null,"abstract":"Lasiosphaera nipponica finds therapeutic applications as a hemostatic in the traditional Japanese and Chinese medicines. The present study aimed to analyse the phytochemical compositions of two fractions from a hexane extract of L. nipponica by GC-MS analysis and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of these two fractions and a pure compound viz. ergosterol peroxide by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay). A hexane extract from L. nipponica was obtained by maceration technique and silica gel column chromatography of this hexane extract led to obtain two fractions and three pure compounds. The two fractions were analysed for phytochemical compositions by GC-MS and the presence of fatty acids, esters of fatty acids and ethyl 9-oxononanoate were identified. Additionally, these two fractions were evaluated for cytotoxic activity in P388, HL60, MCF7, HepG2 and J82 cancer cell lines in culture by MTT assay. Fraction 1 showed good activity in P388 and HL60 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 9.8 and 18.2 μg/mL, respectively. Fraction 2 also showed good activity in P388 and HL60 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 19.4 and 16.2 μg/mL, respectively. However, these two fractions did not show any appreciable activity in MCF7, HepG2 and J82 cancer cell lines. The three pure compounds were characterised as n-hexadecanoic acid, n-octadecanoic acid and ergosterol peroxide by spectroscopic means. Of these three pure compounds, only ergosterol peroxide was evaluated for cytotoxic activity in HL60, HepG2 and J82 cancer cell lines. Ergosterol peroxide showed an IC50 value of 82.2 μM (35.1 μg/mL) in HL60 cancer cell lines but it did not show any appreciable activity in HepG2 and J82 cancer cell lines. n-Hexadecanoic acid and n-octadecanoic acid were not evaluated for cytotoxic activity since they obtained in small quantity. From this study, we concluded that the fractions from a hexane extract of L. nipponica have therapeutically important phytochemicals and they exhibited promising cytotoxic activity in P388 and HL60 cancer cell lines. Further studies on L. nipponica are required to explore its therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126488949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization of Extracts from Fagraea Fragrans and Juglans Regia by GC-MS Analysis","authors":"M. Pillai, D. J. Young","doi":"10.37256/fce.3120221334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.3120221334","url":null,"abstract":"Fagraea fragrans and Juglans regia have several therapeutic applications. The present study aimed to analyze the phytochemical compositions of a methanolic crude extract from the stem bark of F. fragrans and an oily liquid from a chloroform extract of seeds of J. regia. Approximately, 220 g of methanolic crude extract (yield = ca.  5%) was obtained from the stem bark of F. fragrans from hot-solvent extraction, and approximately, 45 g of chloroform oily liquid (yield = ca. 1.5%) was obtained from the seeds of J. regia by maceration technique. The phytochemical compositions of these two extracts were analyzed separately by injecting an aliquot of 1.0 μL solution of each extract prepared in hexane to a GC-MS instrument fitted with a DB-5 column of the dimension 50 m × 0.25 mm, i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness. The presence of fourteen components, including fragrant aldehydes and bioactive sterols, was identified in the methanolic crude extract and the presence of eight components, including fatty acids, fatty esters, and γ-tocopherol, was identified in the chloroform oily liquid. For the first time, we report the presence of γ-tocopherol (3.46%), n-hexanoic acid (1.26%), ethyl hexadecanoate (4.70%), ethyl oleate (6.59%), and a high content of ethyl linoleate (29.93%) in this chloroform oily liquid. From this study, we concluded that F. fragrans and J. regia have bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical importance. Therefore, these compounds can be extracted from these plants for therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Correlation Characteristics of PCDD/Fs Isomers Generation during the Coal-Combustion Process with Sludge Mixing","authors":"Jinxing Wang, Shuzhou Wei, Haiwen Song, Xinlei Wang, Huixin Ren","doi":"10.37256/fce.3120221275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.3120221275","url":null,"abstract":"The 17 toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) isomers as a persistent and refractory organic pollutant are one of the pollutants produced in solid fuel (including pulverized coal and mixed fuel) combustion, and regulating their distribution characteristics is an important aspect of effectively reducing their toxic equivalent. In this study, a correlation model of PCDD/Fs toxic equivalent was proposed to quantitatively analyze the correlation between HCl and SO2 concentrations in the reaction atmosphere, meanwhile, a pathway-diagnosis method of PCDD/Fs isomers transformation was adopted to analyze the PCDD/Fs distribution characteristics of coal combustion and that mixed with 10% sludge. The results show that the inflection point for the derivative of the relationship between HCl concentration and SO2 concentration moves towards the direction of lower SO2 concentration and higher HCl concentration with the increase of PCDD/Fs toxic equivalent. Besides, the functional pathways of mixing sludge on PCDD/Fs generation in coal combustion were obtained by calculating chlorine substitution probability. It has been deduced that five transformation pathways were improved by mixing sludge. Next, the critical pathways of the influence from mixing sludge on the distribution characteristics of PCDD/Fs isomers in coal combustion were analyzed by drawing the percentage content migration diagram of PCDD/Fs isomers and the average toxic equivalent migration diagram that combined with the toxic equivalent of PCDD/Fs isomers. The results showed that the main reasons for mixing sludge to further reduce the average toxic equivalent of PCDD/Fs isomers in coal combustion were the increased chlorine substitution probability at the 4-position of 12378 Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (12378-PeCDD), the decreased chlorine substitution probability at the 4-position of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-furan (2378-TeCDF), and the increased total chlorine substitution probability of 23478 Pentachlorodibenzo-p-furan (23478-PeCDF), 123478-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (123478-HxCDF) and 123678-HxCDF respectively. Finally, the functional pathway diagram of PCDD/Fs isomers generated from coal combustion with sludge mixing was drawn.","PeriodicalId":289475,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121490322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}