Engineering Matrix Materials for Composites: Their Variety, Scope and Applications

G. S. Mukherjee, Amit Jain, M. Banerjee
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Matrices are essentially binders for the reinforcements of composite material. Appropriate selection of fine chemicals is vital for the creation of desired matrices for generating composite materials. In fact, matrix is a subclass of a composite material. Matrices are generally of four kinds such as (i) polymer (hard as well as flexible), (ii) metal, (iii) ceramic, and (iv) cement. Each type of these subclasses of the matrix is discussed with a brief of their pros and cons. Polymer matrices are generally organic based whereas metal or ceramic matrices are inorganic in nature. Hard plastic matrix as well as flexible rubbery matrix are also discussed in the light of their applications. Carbon as matrix material for hi-tech C/C (carbon/carbon) composite materials is also stated. Cement is a special kind of inorganic matrix material because of its very special solidification mechanism during the formation of concrete composite; and it carries bulk values in the engineering area. For higher temperatures, carbon, ceramic or metal matrix materials are useful. Ceramics possess various conductivities, but they have poor tensile strength despite their ability to afford high-temperature products. Generally lightweight metals such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, and intermetallics such as Ni-aluminide and Ti-aluminide are used; and the operating temperature can be extended to 2000 °C. The advantages of metal matrices are higher strength and ductility than those of polymers. Carbon matrix based carbon/carbon (C/C) composites can be used even at the temperature of ~3000 °C, but are preferred only in critical engineering areas of applications. Different types of matrix material may also prove to be efficacious constituent item for innovative design of integrated structure in the ever challenging area of Blast and penetration resistant materials (BPRM).
复合材料工程基体材料:种类、范围和应用
基体本质上是复合材料增强材料的粘结剂。适当选择精细化学品对于生成所需的复合材料基质至关重要。实际上,基体是复合材料的一个子类。基质一般有四种,如(i)聚合物(硬的也有弹性),(ii)金属,(iii)陶瓷和(iv)水泥。每一种类型的这些亚类的基体都简要地讨论了它们的优缺点。聚合物基体通常是有机的,而金属或陶瓷基体本质上是无机的。本文还讨论了硬塑料基体和柔性橡胶基体的应用。介绍了以碳为基体材料的新型碳/碳复合材料。水泥是一种特殊的无机基体材料,在混凝土复合材料形成过程中具有非常特殊的固化机理;它在工程领域有很大的价值。对于较高的温度,碳,陶瓷或金属基材料是有用的。陶瓷具有各种导电性,但抗拉强度较差,尽管它们能够承受高温产品。一般使用钛、铝、镁等轻质金属和镍铝化物、钛铝化物等金属间化合物;工作温度可扩展至2000℃。金属基体的优点是比聚合物具有更高的强度和延展性。碳基碳/碳(C/C)复合材料即使在~3000°C的温度下也可以使用,但仅在关键的工程应用领域中优先使用。不同类型的基体材料也可能被证明是集成结构创新设计的有效组成部分,在日益具有挑战性的防爆和防侵穿材料(BPRM)领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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