International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Labor Market Structure and Offshoring","authors":"S. Shin, C. Davidson","doi":"10.1111/roie.12476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12476","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a two‐country, two‐sector model in which a firm’s offshoring decision depends on labor market rigidities that impose additional costs on the firm. Firms endogenously choose their organizational form considering their productivity level and organizational costs. The costs generated by labor market frictions play a key role in determining the benefits of each organizational structure, and thus helps determine the conditions under which a firm decides to offshore. There are three different types of equilibria depending on the relative levels of the domestic and foreign labor market costs and the price of the intermediate input. In all equilibria, a relative rise in the domestic labor market cost increases the share of firms that offshore, while decreasing domestic integration. Furthermore, an economy with offshoring has a higher welfare level and a lower unemployment rate than it would under autarky.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115754387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohesion, (non-)Domination, and Regional Organisations in the EU-SADC EPA Negotiations","authors":"Katharina L. Meissner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3557947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557947","url":null,"abstract":"One of the European Union’s (EU) aim is to boost regional economic integration among developing countries. The empowerment of regional organisations, such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC), suggests that the EU promotes global justice in the form of non-domination of actors in the Global South. Yet, scholarship has heavily criticised the EU for how it negotiated an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the SADC, arguing that it contributed to disturbing regional integration. Indeed, it is puzzling why the EU pursued a bilateral trade agreement with South Africa separate from SADC’s customs union, and why it negotiated an EPA with a limited SADC negotiating group rather than with the full regional organisation. By making use of the concept of cohesion and embedding this in a conception of justice as non-domination, I argue that the initial absence of SADC’s cohesion made the EPA negotiations vulnerable to a dominant EU. The empirical case of the EU-SADC EPA suggests that regional integration is necessary for realizing global justice. However, this working paper argues that regional organisations are not sufficient to achieve justice in the form of non-domination, but they need to be accompanied by cohesion or solidarity among their members. Non-domination as a principle of global justice therefore requires an enabling context of cohesive developing regions.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116775073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Payment-For-Order-Flow Implications for Robinhood Users","authors":"D. Seth","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3779648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3779648","url":null,"abstract":"The digital age has transformed financial exchanges from high-stress trading floors to automated processes ruled by algorithms and online brokerage firms. Payment-for-order-flow is a controversial practice, ironically instituted by Bernard Madoff (Farrell, 2008, pg.19) and approved by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2009. Although the practice has expanded liquidity to the NYSE and has made markets more efficient, there are questionable aspects of payment-for-order-flow, spearheaded by online brokerage firms, that contribute to the potential exploitation of retail investors.<br><br>This term paper highlights problems associated with payment-for-order-flow, assesses current policies regulating and allowing this practice, and explores policy alternatives. Additionally, it utilizes Robinhood Financial, an online brokerage firm, as a case study to characterize payment-for-order-flow and its broader implications for stakeholders in the United States. This term paper addresses implications of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and Securities and Exchange Commission policies, the use of data by market makers, lack of transparency, and conflicts of interest that brokers face.<br><br>The recommended policy alternative, in this paper, aims to respect individual autonomy over digital financial data yet allows for the market and economy to maximize benefits. The proposed policy will enable payment-for-order-flow to continue to exist but ensure that retail investors have the option to opt-out but continue to engage in the market. Additionally, the policy requires that brokerage firms immediately notify retail investors of any order routing decisions along with accompanying explanations for these decisions.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131162472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication and Information Aggregation for Tricky Questions","authors":"Naruto Nagaoka, Tomoya Tajika","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3538731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3538731","url":null,"abstract":"We consider common-value voting in which a variable that is independent of the payoff-relevant state determines the meaning and precision of voters' private signals about the payoff-relevant state. Multiple senders sharing the same objective with the voters receive noisy signals that are contingent on the realized variable, and they send messages to the voters simultaneously. We show that by focusing on ``natural equilibria'', when the population of voters is sufficiently large, no information is transmitted by senders, and then information aggregation fails. We also propose a solution: if senders' messages are aggregated into binary levels, information transmission succeeds, and information is fully aggregated asymptotically.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131338876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Thermo-Acoustical Parameters of Hypersaline Solutions for Applications in Osmotic Power Generation Technologies","authors":"L. M. Rehman, Tushar Damani, T. Garg, V. Sridhar, V. Mittal, A. Roy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3705120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3705120","url":null,"abstract":"The recent advances in Salinity energy technologies have opened new avenues for research in the water-science sector. New and efficient desalination technologies in conjunction with energy-recovery processes, are the need of the hour. A clear understanding on the thermoacoustical parameters of salt-water systems has been done in this study, to address several lacunae in the understanding of non-ideality of the system, which leads to a reduction in process efficiencies. An analysis of thermodynamic properties such as isothermal compressibility, isobaric expansibility, relaxation time, and internal pressures using ultrasonic velocity, has assisted us in understanding the various interactions occurring in hypersaline solutions (up to 1,00,000 ppm). A new correlation for internal pressure from dimensional analysis has been obtained and compared to existing literature. Also, state-of-the-art thin film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes (with NaCl rejection ~ 40%) has been prepared for generating power through thermo-osmotic vapour transport using hypersaline solutions and low grade heat. This work is a consolidation of data on thermo-acoustical parameters of hypersaline solutions, their critical analysis and a look into the application of Hollow fibre TFC membranes for Osmotic Power Generation applications in TOEC technology.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123318050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did Globalization Kill Contagion?","authors":"Olivier Accominotti, M. Brière, A. Burietz, K. Oosterlinck, A. Szafarz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3534157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534157","url":null,"abstract":"Does financial globalization lead to contagion? We scrutinize linkages between international stock markets in a long historical perspective (1880-2014). Our results highlight that without globalization, contagion cannot exist. However, if cross-market correlations are very high, globalization kills contagion. We show that financial contagion was absent from stock markets in both the period of deglobalization of 1918-1971 and the era of \"extreme\" globalization of 1972-2014 but was present in the period of \"moderate\" globalization of 1880-1914. Our results suggest that contagion could become a significant problem if financial markets return to a more moderate level of globalization.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114128988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Mobility and Technological Compatibility from an Antitrust Perspective","authors":"Mariateresa Maggiolino, L. Zoboli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3554695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3554695","url":null,"abstract":"The development of smart mobility faces two main issues: data sharing and technological interoperability, which can be summed up by the expression ‘semantic interoperability’. This paper focuses on technological interoperability, using the antitrust experience as a benchmark to identify guidelines for possible interventions of public authorities in the market. To do so, the paper addresses both the different characterisations that antitrust law gives to incompatibility (predatory innovation, refusal to share interoperability codes, technical tying) and the main tool that firms can employ to create incompatibility: standard setting organisations (SSOs).","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125621175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Regulatory Gaming’ – A Look Into the European Union’s Attempts to Engage Citizens With Playful Design","authors":"Gianluca Sgueo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3518068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3518068","url":null,"abstract":"What will democratic systems in the European Union (EU) look like in the next decade and beyond? Will tech-savvy policy-makers respond to the demands of citizens in an effective and timely manner? Or will the much-celebrated ‘co-creation’ of public policies via digital tools continue to remain an empty slogan? \u0000 \u0000In this Chapter, we move from a broad reflection on the impact that technology is having on all levels of society, and particularly on human relations, to an analysis of the role of technology in the policy cycle. We claim that technology has dramatically changed both the number of ‘connections’ between citizens and public regulators, and their quality. We also argue that the outcomes of this enhanced interconnectivity have been uneven, and the results not always positive. \u0000 \u0000Overall, citizens (and corporations) have benefited from the enhanced ‘access’ they have gained vis-a-vis public authorities through new communication channels. These benefits, however, have not been mirrored by equally significant progresses in design and implementation of public policy. Public authorities have struggled with the impact of new technologies on policy-making. \u0000 \u0000Communities and citizens now expect public regulators to respond both immediately and effectively to their demands. However, for the most part public regulators have been unable or unwilling to effectively harness new technologies to foster participatory and inclusive governance. As a result, the legitimacy of public regulators has been politically and legally challenged by dissatisfied communities and stakeholders. \u0000 \u0000The chapter focuses on the EU, which is often accused of not being inclusive or democratic. As EU institutional responsibilities have expanded over time, calls for greater openness have increased. Conventional narratives of the EU’s democratic deficit paint a picture of a dysfunctional decision-making system run by elites located in Brussels. In reality, we claim in this chapter, EU institutions continually seek to enhance and increase interactions with stakeholders, with experimental efforts having intensified over the last decade. \u0000 \u0000This Chapter makes two contributions toward improving our understanding of experimental approaches to the democratisation of EU policy-making. First, it identifies and critically examines two models of experimentalism of EU policy-making. “Exploratory experimentalism” focuses on exploration and discovery. Over the last two decades, most of the EU’s efforts to foster participation have been this type. “Evaluative experimentalism”, instead, explores the feasibility and potential of a new policy intervention. We argue that design-thinking – i.e. the approach to policy-making from a design perspective – is one promising form of evaluative experimentalism currently tested in EU policy-making. We maintain that design-thinking might deliver the right solutions for building more inclusive, engaging, and interactive channels of cooperation between citizen","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121287821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Star: A High Performance Network for Big Data","authors":"Himansu Barik, N. Adhikari, Lipsa Routa, N. Swain","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517185","url":null,"abstract":"The Double star (DS) a derivative of n-star is a parallel and cloud computing platform for big data systems. The topology packs more number of nodes as compared to same dimensional hupercube. It has leaf nodes at one hop distance and reconnecting the leaf nodes makes DS a robust topology. The inner and outer rings serve efficient backup for large scale computing frame work. It is highly reliable and fault tolerant with better message passing algorithm. Also it bridges the gap between two consecutive levels.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130739011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring Pluralism in Social Media Markets: Some Suggestions","authors":"M. Stasi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3531794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3531794","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platforms have created unprecedented possibilities to communicate, access and share information online. However, they have also raised various challenges for both individuals and society. One is how they impact the plurality and diversity of media that each user is exposed to. This paper attempts to shed light on the current challenges concerning pluralism and content moderation in social media markets. It does so by identifying the relevant market failures and the likely theory of harm, and it suggests two possible solutions: the first is a form of regulated pluralism; the second is the unbundling of hosting and content moderation activities.","PeriodicalId":288317,"journal":{"name":"International Political Economy: Globalization eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134360697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}