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Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)最新文献

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A new approach to end-of-life design advisor (ELDA) 寿命终止设计顾问(ELDA)的新方法
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857632
C. Rose, A. Stevels, K. Ishii
{"title":"A new approach to end-of-life design advisor (ELDA)","authors":"C. Rose, A. Stevels, K. Ishii","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857632","url":null,"abstract":"The end-of-life design advisor (ELDA) guides product developers to specify appropriate end-of-life strategies. Previous work led to a classification scheme for identifying suitable product end-of-life strategies early in the design cycle of a broad range of products. The product end-of-life strategies include reuse, service, remanufacture, recycle (disassembly first) and recycle (shred first). ELDA succeeded in prediction of end-of-life strategies in agreement with industry best practices for 89% of the products. This ability to predict strategies enables designers to redesign products that move towards higher levels of reuse. A 'new ELDA' focuses primarily on technical product characteristics with eco-efficiency as a yardstick. Market developments are included through the functionality-time diagrams. This paper presents results from in depth case studies performed in cooperation with various global companies.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134036194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Analysis of toner-cartridge remanufacturer waste stream 墨盒再制造废弃物流分析
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857659
J. Williams, L. Shu
{"title":"Analysis of toner-cartridge remanufacturer waste stream","authors":"J. Williams, L. Shu","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857659","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental concerns with the disposal of laser-printer toner cartridges are being addressed, in part, by the remanufacture of toner cartridges. Remanufacturing, or recycling at a part level, involves the disassembly, restoration to like-new condition and reassembly of a used product. Remanufacturing offers significant environmental benefits by reusing the energy and resources expended during original manufacture, and by diverting solid waste from landfill and incineration. Since the primary purpose of remanufacturing is to reuse parts, the parts that are not reused enter the remanufacturers' waste stream and may be studied to identify difficulties in remanufacture. The research undertaken aims to quantify the amount of product discarded (as opposed to reused) and to categorise reasons for discard in the toner-cartridge industry. From the discard reasons, it may be possible to identify product design factors that directly affect the remanufacturability of the product. This knowledge may be used to formulate design strategies to facilitate remanufacturing. The waste streams of three toner-cartridge remanufacturers were studied. Data gathered over a period of four months showed the main reasons for discard and highlighted areas in toner-cartridge design that are problematic for remanufacture.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130975242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Toxicological aspects of halogen free flame retardants based on denitrification inhibition tests 基于反硝化抑制试验的无卤阻燃剂的毒理学研究
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857627
T. Segerberg, L. Gumaelius, H. Hessle, E. Ostensson
{"title":"Toxicological aspects of halogen free flame retardants based on denitrification inhibition tests","authors":"T. Segerberg, L. Gumaelius, H. Hessle, E. Ostensson","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857627","url":null,"abstract":"The change from brominated flame retardants to nonhalogenated alternatives has started in the electronics industry. Information about toxicological aspects concerning the involved chemicals is however limited. This study shows that one nonhalogenated alternative has lower toxicity than the brominated flame retardant TBBPA, when tested for inhibition of denitrification. The other nonhalogenated alternative showed higher toxicity, but was more soluble in water than the brominated flame retardant TBBPA, indicating less risk for bioaccumulation. Denitrification is a bacterial process that is of great importance in soil and water environments.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Life cycle assessment of Ericsson third generation systems 爱立信第三代系统的生命周期评估
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857638
Elaine Weidman, Manager
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of Ericsson third generation systems","authors":"Elaine Weidman, Manager","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857638","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an extensive system level study which is underway for Ericsson third generation telecommunication products and systems. The study builds on the results and experiences gained from earlier life cycle assessment (LCA) work, some of which is described below. The purpose of the present study is to determine the site-specific environmental impacts from cradle to grave of complete Ericsson mobile telephone systems in operation. Upon completion of the present study, Ericsson will be able to provide comprehensive and credible environmental information on its second generation systems, migrated, or mixed systems, and pure third generation systems.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126851412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
A Web-oriented, virtual product disassembly and identification method for DFE and electronic demanufacturers 面向web的虚拟产品拆解与识别方法
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857644
P.G. Ranky, S. Das, R. Caudill
{"title":"A Web-oriented, virtual product disassembly and identification method for DFE and electronic demanufacturers","authors":"P.G. Ranky, S. Das, R. Caudill","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857644","url":null,"abstract":"Application software development for Web-oriented, virtual product disassembly and identification using 3D VR (virtual reality) requires robust analytical methods, object oriented (OO) modeling and engineering multimedia for knowledge management and communication. The objective of this research is to develop the methodologies, algorithms and technologies to create a Web-based virtual electronic product disassembly system. With this computer-based tool, teams of engineers and technicians can virtually assess and visualize the scope of the disassembly problem, identify critical parts of the product, and then create a disassembly process plan. The novel aspect of this concept is that teams can share disassembly and product identification solutions, quickly identify hazardous components and proprietary components, information and data. The user can then evaluate various disassembly process sequences to maximize value of recovered materials with minimum effort and expense.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127996512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Recycling of telecommunication products in Europe, Japan and USA 欧洲、日本和美国电信产品的回收利用
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857639
J. Furuhjelm, Y. Yasuda, R. Trankell
{"title":"Recycling of telecommunication products in Europe, Japan and USA","authors":"J. Furuhjelm, Y. Yasuda, R. Trankell","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857639","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study carried out within Ericsson Radio Systems. The aim was to provide input to an Ericsson strategy for treatment of end-of-life products. A representative product was sent for recycling to five different recycling companies in Japan, Europe and the USA. An evaluation was made from technical, economic and environmental perspectives. The options for end-of-life treatment, manual disassembly and mechanized shredding were compared. The result of the economic evaluation favored shredding. A life cycle assessment carried out simultaneously ranked shredding and manual disassembly equally, assuming there is no hazardous substance contents providing a problem when shredding.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133374141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Electronics goes halogen-free: international driving forces and the availability and potential of halogen-free alternatives 电子产品走向无卤:国际推动力和无卤替代品的可用性和潜力
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857625
C.G. Bergendahl
{"title":"Electronics goes halogen-free: international driving forces and the availability and potential of halogen-free alternatives","authors":"C.G. Bergendahl","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857625","url":null,"abstract":"The electronics and electrical industry and their suppliers are facing an increasing need to find halogen-free alternatives to flame retardancy in their products due to legislative actions and market pressure. In order to support development of corporate actions, \"The International project on Flame Retardancy in Electronics-Conceptual Study\", has been carried out by IVF in co-operation with 12 major European and Japanese product manufacturers and material suppliers. The study was carried out from February 1997 till September 1999. The idea behind the conceptual approach was to gain a comprehensive view of state of the art of halogen-free alternatives and of mechanisms governing design for flame retardancy.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133963573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Environmentally weighted recycling quotes-better justifiable and environmentally more correct 环境加权回收报价-更好的理由和环境更正确
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857633
J. Huisman, C. Boks, A. Stevels
{"title":"Environmentally weighted recycling quotes-better justifiable and environmentally more correct","authors":"J. Huisman, C. Boks, A. Stevels","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857633","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach in calculating recycling quotes. The different material fractions of a product are weighed on an environmental basis: environmentally weighted recycling quotes (EWRQ). They reflect accurately how much of the product is actually recovered in environmental terms and what the environmental impact of end-of-life treatment itself is. For the determination of EWRQ, the recovery percentage of the processing techniques and the associated eco-indicators for recycling or treatment of nonrecovered material fractions are based on the Dutch Eco-indicator '95 method. A normalisation step is used to obtain environmentally weighted recycling quotes on a scale from 0% to 100%. The new approach of EWRQ has been applied to several case studies to compare with application of the traditional weight-based material recycling efficiency (MRE). Results show that the conventional MRE, often used in take-back and recycling discussions, does not reflect the real environmental performance of a product's end-of-life treatment. This means that targets set in proposed take-back schemes should be revised.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126521207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Integrated product policy and ecological footprint of electronic products 综合产品政策与电子产品生态足迹
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857637
S. Frey, D. Harrison, E. Billett
{"title":"Integrated product policy and ecological footprint of electronic products","authors":"S. Frey, D. Harrison, E. Billett","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857637","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological footprint (EF) methodology, developed by Wackemagel and Rees (1996), is already a very effective sustainability indicator for the human impact on earth. EFs are calculated by dividing the biologically productive land and sea space of the earth by its population. Thus, EF can be established on a global or other geographic level. In this paper, the authors discuss whether the EF can be brought down to a product level to assess the sustainability of a personal computer (PC). They also used land-space as a single indicator to make results comparable to the current world-average footprint. Recent work in this sector has been done by Buitenkamp and Spapens (1999). This paper extends their research.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126509060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Life cycle data acquisition unit-design, implementation, economics and environmental benefits 生命周期数据采集单元-设计、实施、经济和环境效益
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082) Pub Date : 2000-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2000.857663
M. Simon, G. Bee, P. Moore, J. Pu, C. Xie
{"title":"Life cycle data acquisition unit-design, implementation, economics and environmental benefits","authors":"M. Simon, G. Bee, P. Moore, J. Pu, C. Xie","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2000.857663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2000.857663","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the progress of the UK \"Whitebox\" project in developing data acquisition units of two types: one based on a microcontroller and EEPROM memory and another based on a low-cost networking system with power line transmission. The units are fitted to domestic appliances and record patterns of use as well as individual appliance program, cycles. The data has applications in design, marketing and servicing as well as end-of-life, as long as the technology is part of an overall life cycle information system. Results from life cycle modelling suggest that maintenance is more important than end-of-life for providing reusable parts and data which has value for marketing and design. These results compare with the work of others who developed devices for power tools but concentrated only on end-of-life economics. The work indicates that only cost prevents wider application of similar units for both appliances and consumer electronics. In the future, extensive LCDA systems will deliver both economic and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":288255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.00CH37082)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122823146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
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