Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory medicine in central and eastern Europe: Can we catch up?","authors":"G. Kovacs","doi":"10.2298/JMH0403299K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0403299K","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Laboratory medicine, as defined by the IFCC and FESCC, is the application of chemical, molecular and cellular concepts and techniques to the understanding and evaluation of human health and disease. At the core of the discipline is the provision of results of measurements and observations relevant to the cause of disease, the maintenance of health and the conversion of these data into specific and general patient- and disease-related information at the laboratory-clinician interface. The discipline is committed to deepening the understanding of health and disease through fundamental and applied research. Furthermore, there are increasing health care expectations and consequently increasing demands of health care resources. Because of the increasing health costs, governments of many European countries have cut health care expenditure, often by decreasing the funding of acute care facilities, closing hospitals, outsourcing services or privatizing health care. Medical laboratories, highly dependent on rapidly changing, expensive and sophisticate technologies, have especially been affected by these policies. Several trends in medical laboratories are developing simultaneously: · Centralization of diagnostic medical laboratories, rationalization of services, increased emphasis on cost-benefit analysis and cost-effective total patient care, linked to improving outcomes. · Development of highly specialized laboratories at the interface with research. · Implementation of point of care technology. · Development of molecular biology procedures improving diagnosis of infections and inherited diseases. · Computerization and telecommunication, which facilitates fast communication between laboratory and clinicians. · Automation and robotics are changing the face of classic laboratories. · A general trend towards accreditation or certification of laboratories in order to increase and recognize quality and excellence, including consultation services, pre -and post-analytical procedures. Medical laboratory specialists, whether of medical or non-medical training background, are responsible for comprehensive laboratory services including production of analytical results, consultation with clinicians, management, quality assurance, and computer technology. When possible, they conduct research and training in laboratory medicine. There are considerable differences among countries – in particular between highly developed countries of the European Union and countries of Central/Eastern Europe – in social, economical and health system developments, which affect the practice of medicine. The ultimate goal of laboratory specialists in the Central/Eastern European countries is to catch up with all these processes and also to reduce the gap between east and west in this respect. However, sufficient governmental financial resources are lacking as well. Thus, national laboratory societies bear a higher than ever responsibility in working out and implementing successf","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular diagnostics: A challenge for laboratory medicine","authors":"Mathias M. Mïller","doi":"10.2298/JMH0403195M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0403195M","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Investigating cells for genetic features, malignant transformation, surface characteristics, metabolic functions and signalling will be future key elements for diagnosis of diseases. Integrating this new area into Laboratory Medicine will add new competence and responsibility to Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Cellular genetics will be a main area for the diagnostic laboratory to investigate risk and prognosis for diseases having also impact on a more individualised medication. With the introduction of flow cytometry a more objective way of cell identification by immunophenotyping was added to classical microscopy allowing accurate classification of leukaemias. In addition the functional status and the origin of blood cells or cells in other body fluids (liquor, ascites) can now easily be detected. Cell mediated immunity plays an important role in infectious diseases and in transplantation medicine. The CD4/CD8 ratio of T-lymphocytes is already a routine test for differentiation between viral infection and rejection crises and for monitoring of these conditions. In cellular coagulation platelet function tests will add value to the established plasma tests. The dosage of drugs is now monitored by measuring the blood levels of drugs or their metabolites. In addition investigating the direct effect of drugs on targeted cell functions might be a more specific way.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120837622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POTENTIAL ROLE OF P-SELECTIN GLYCOPROTEIN LIGAND -1 IN HAEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES","authors":"J. Kappelmayer","doi":"10.2298/JMH0403265K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0403265K","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: PSGL-1 is a major counterreceptor of all three types of selectins that is expressed in several leukocyte subsets. Data presented, here prove that this mucin may be implied in haematological disorders. We established on normal peripheral blood and in samples derived from 20 AML patients that PSGL-1 is differently expressed in various leukocyte subsets. Myeloblasts appearing in acute myeloid leukaemia patients express significantly less PSGL-1 (12 000 ± 5300) than mature neutrophils (p< 0.001). In monocytic leukaemias, however, the amount of PSGL-1 on monocytic precursors is displayed in a fairly broad range which was not significantly different from that of mature monocytes (p=0.084). Monoblasts/promononocytes possess more PSGL-1 than myeloblasts and the expression pattern is completely non-overlapping. This would imply a differential expression of PSGL-1 during myeloid haemopoietic development and suggests, that the quantitation of surface PSGL-1 may help in differentiating myeloblasts from monoblasts by immunophenotyping in different AML subsets. PSGL-1 has also a certain role in the generation of procoagulant microparticles (MP) as in the PSGL-1 knockout mouse the MP number failed to increase with age and the MP contained significantly less tissue factor than wild type mice. Since PSGL-1 P-selectin interaction is crucial in generating a procoagulant effect we tested the hypothesis that the administration of a P-selectin IgG chimera (Psel-Ig) corrects bleeding tendency in a murine haemophilia model and in human haemophilic blood. The addition of Psel-Ig resulted in significant improvement of the bleeding tendency in mice and in the generation of MP in human hemophilic blood. Thus, the Psel-Ig can become an alternative route to control bleeding tendency in coagulopathies.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121130474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in rats: Effects on body weight and histological characteristics of thyroid gland","authors":"M. Cakic-Milosevic, A. Korać, V. Davidović","doi":"10.2298/JMH0402143C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0402143C","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of methimazole treatment on the body weight and thyroid gland structure in rats. Methimazole given as 0.02% solution in drinking water for three weeks induced significant decline in T4 and T3 levels, as determined by radioimmunoassay. The body weight gain was lowered compared to control animals, while thyroid weight was increased. Histological examination of the thyroid gland revealed a pronounced growth activation of the follicular epithelial component with frequent mitoses, accompanied with improved vascularisation. We assumed that the lower body weight gain despite decreased basal metabolic rate and similar food ingestion can be a result of brown adipose tissue activity.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125874927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sympatho-adrenomedullary system responses to various chronic stress situations","authors":"L. Gavrilović, S. Dronjak","doi":"10.2298/JMB0601011G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMB0601011G","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the effects of four different chronic stressors: isolation, crowding, forced swimming and isolation followed by forced swimming, on the level of plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A), both under basal conditions and in response to acute immobilization and cold as additional stressors. None of these chronic stressors changed basal plasma NA and A concentrations. When chronically isolated rats are exposed to immobilization they show significant elevation of plasma NA and A, but cold stress significantly increases only NA level and not the concentration of A. When animals exposed to chronic crowding, forced swimming and isolation plus forced swimming are exposed to immobilization plasma catecholamine also increases, but less in comparison to the chronically isolated rats. Based on these results, it may be concluded that chronic isolation seems to be a stronger stressor for animals than other chronic stressors. Chronic forced swimming stress and crowding seem to be the weakest stressors, if measured by the activity of sympathoadrenomedullary system. However, daily short-term swimming stress seems to attenuate the effect of chronic isolation on the activity of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system. .","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126139497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemostatic parameters as hypercoagulability indicators in pregnancy","authors":"T. Vodnik, S. Ignjatović, N. Majkić-Singh","doi":"10.2298/JMH0302119V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0302119V","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of plasma proteins involved in the process of coagulation are changed during the normal pregnancy, interfering with balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems. These changes include the increased activity of coagulation factors, the increased fibrin production and suppression of fibrinolysis. In this way, the risk of blood loss is reduced by physiological mechanisms, but the risk of thrombosis becomes higher. Thrombosis of placental blood vessels gives rise to placental insufficiency causing the repeated miscarriages, retardation of fetal growth, eclampsia intrauterine death of fetus and pre-term delivery. The causes of these incidents are the changes occurring within protein C coagulation system. The central anticoagulant enzyme is APC, which inactivates the activated factors V and VIII by proteolysis and, in that manner, inhibits the production of thrombin. The resistance to APC is the impairment of blood coagulation characterized by lower sensitivity to anticoagulant activity of APC. This disorder is in 95% of cases, caused by specific factor V gene point mutation and designated as F V Leiden. It is point mutation on locus 1691 where guanin is replaced by adenine what will lead to synthesis of modified F V molecule in which arginine is replaced by glutamine on locus 506. Arginine 506 is the locus of factor Xa binding, and it inhibits the inactivation of factor Va by the action of APC. The testing performed in pregnant women with regular and complicated pregnancy, in different periods, has shown that fibrinogen, fibrin monomer, TAT complex and PAI were good markers of hipercoagulability in pregnancy. The values of protein C activity were within normal limits. Protein S values were below lower limits. Global activity of protein C-anticoagulant pathway and its relation with procoagulant system were presented by quantitative measurement using Pro C Global test, while determination of activated protein C by means of APC sensitivity test was used for identification of persons with APC resistance e.g. with higher risk of thrombosis. Significantly lower PC-NR and APC-NR values were found in pregnant women with repeated miscarriages and in pregnant women with hypertension in relation to pregnant women with regular pregnancy. The results revealed significantly lower APC-anticoagulant activity in pregnancy, particularly in pregnancy associated with complications. Diagnostic accuracy of these parameters as markers of thrombotic changes in pregnancy was tested by ROC analysis. PC-NR and APC-NR showed satisfactory diagnostic accuracy as markers of thrombotic changes in pregnant women, more precisely, they were found to be good indicators of resistance to activated protein C in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125325017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF THYROID GLAND TISSUE IN MIDDLE-AGED RAT FEMALES","authors":"B. Šošić-Jurjević, B. Filipović, N. Nestorović, M. Lovren, M. Sekulić","doi":"10.2298/JMH0203261S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0203261S","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present work was to study the effect of Ca supplementation therapy on structural and morphological features of the thyroid gland tissue in middle-aged female rats. Some of the findings described herein have been previously presented in an abstract form (10). Summary: The subject of these studies was the thyroid gland tissue of middle-aged (14-month-old) female rats chronically treated with calcium glucoheptonate. The peripheral and central zone of the thyroids were stere- ologically analysed and the following morphometric parameters determined: the height and volumetric density of follicular epithelium, colloid, interstitium and follicles and index of activation rate. The height of follicular epithelium, its volume density and index of activation rate were significantly reduced (by 8%, p < 0.05, 18%, p< 0.025 and 34%, p < 0.01, respectively) as compared to the controls. However, the volumetric density of colloid and interstitium were increased (by 10% and 14% respectively). These morphometric results indicate that Ca treatment expressed an inhibitory effect on thyroid follicular cells structure in middle-aged female rats.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115357110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHENYLETHYLAMINE EFFECTS ON HISTAMINE-INDUCED CONTRACTION OF ISOLATED GUINEA-PIG TRACHEA RINGS","authors":"G. Rosic, Z. Lazic, S. Pantovic, M. Rosic","doi":"10.2298/JMH0502095R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0502095R","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Histamine produces constriction of tracheal smooth muscle via H1 receptors, but it also decreases tracheal smooth muscle tone via H2 and H3 receptors. In addition, it has already been reported that phenylethylamine is competitive antagonist of histamine N-methyl-transferase (HMT), enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of histamine. Our results suggest possibility that phenylethylamine as competitive antagonist of histamine N-methyl-transferase leads to potentiation of histamine induced constriction of isolated guinea-pig trachea, which could be consequence of decreased histamine methylation and subsequent histamine inactivation. At the same time, phenylethylamine had no direct effect on basal tone of intact isolated trachea rings, as well as on other mechanisms leading to increased responsiveness of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle (acetylcholine, KCl, electro stimulation).","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122414121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF ACUTE STRESS ON CIRCULATORY LEVELS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE IN RATS LOCALLY HEAD-IRRADIATED WITH X-RAYS","authors":"A. Demajo, Olivera Ivansevic-Milovanovic","doi":"10.2298/JMH0301011D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMH0301011D","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effects of ionizing radiation on the pituitary gland before and after an acute stress attack, rats aged 8 days were locally head-irradiated with a single dose of 9.6 Gy of X-rays. One group of animals was irradiated under hypothermia (rectal temp. 5.96 °C). At the age of 46 days, the animals were sacrificed and circulatory adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were measured by the RIA method. Basal ACTH levels were lower in the irradiated animals when compared to the non-irradiated controls (p<0.05). After an acute stress attack, the irradiated animals showed significantly lower ACTH levels compared to the non-irradiated controls (p<0.001). Animals subjected to hypothermia during irradiation, after an acute stress attack, showed significantly higher ACTH levels in comparison to animals irradiated under normal body temperature (p<0.001). It may be concluded that a dose of 9.6 Gy of X-rays reduces the post-stress response of the pituitary gland and that hypothermia effectively protects the pituitary gland when ionizing radiation is concerned.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122647202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-type natriuretic peptides as powerful markers in cardiac diseases: Analytical and clinical aspects","authors":"A. Hammerer-Lercher, B. Puschendorf, J. Mair","doi":"10.2298/JMB0604287H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMB0604287H","url":null,"abstract":"Among all natriuretic peptides and neurohormones, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its Nterminal prohormone fragment (NT-proBNP) have been shown to be the best and most powerful markers to identify patients with acute and chronic heart failure (HF). The fully automated BNP and NT-proBNP assays require only 15-20 min to achieve a test result so that a turn-around time of less than 60 min is possible, as requested by the guidelines of the cardiological societies. The in-vitro stabilities of BNP and NT-proBNP are sufficient for routine use. Most of the commercially available assays, except if they are sublicensed, use different antibodies. This may explain that in general, BNP and NT-proBNP assays show close correlations, but do not agree in absolute values. The assays have not been standardized so far and the application of various calibration materials may contribute to different results. Thus, reference ranges are dependent on the assay used, and reference ranges have to be determined for each assay separately. The increasing values with age may be related to the increasing frequency of subclinical renal or cardiac dysfunction in the elderly. Estrogens stimulate the natriuretic peptide production in females, and reference ranges depend on sex from adolescence to menopause. Immediately after birth, BNP and NTproBNP levels are substantially higher in neonates than in their mothers. The high biological variation of natriuretic peptides must be considered when interpreting serial BNP and NT-proBNP results. Therefore, only marked BNP or NT-proBNP changes during follow-up are related to changes in the clinical HF status. A conclusion of all major studies is that in patients with chronic HF BNP and NT-proBNP are rather rule-out than rule-in markers because of limited cardiac specificities. Patients with acute HF usually show higher BNP and NT-proBNP levels than patients with chronic HF. The greatest efficiency of BNP and NT-proBNP testing was demonstrated in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea or in outpatients with symptoms suggesting chronic HF. Many studies indicate that short- and long-term prognosis in HF can be assessed by BNP or NT-proBNP determination. These hormones are independent predictors of death or HF hospitalizations. Natriuretic peptides are increased in all diseases affecting the cardiac or renal function and fluid balance. BNP and NT-proBNP are markers of cardiac dysfunction in patients with renal failure as well, but higher decision limits have to be used. Decreased BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations in obesity are not fully understood and controversial reports are found in the literature. In summary, BNP or NT-proBNP determination is a powerful test for ruling out HF. Furthermore, these markers are a useful addition to the standard clinical investigations of patients with suspected ventricular dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":287983,"journal":{"name":"Jugoslovenska Medicinska Biohemija-yugoslav Medical Biochemistry","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114398176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}