Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)最新文献

{"title":"Recent progress in the treatment of cardiovascular disease using olmesartan.","authors":"Shin-ichiro Miura,&nbsp;Keijiro Saku","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiotensin II (Ang II) evokes inflammatory responses and plays a central role in atherosclerosis mediated by Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor. AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) prevent the diverse effects of Ang II. Unique molecule-specific, or off-target effects of ARBs are due to their slightly different structures, although all ARBs have common, or class, effects. In nonsignificant coronary stenotic lesions, it is important that we use aggressive medical treatments using ARBs in addition to statins and oral hypoglycemic agents, to induce the regression and stabilization of coronary plaque. This review focuses on current evidence regarding the molecule-specific effects of ARB olmesartan to prevent the increase in coronary atheroma volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"441-6"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40270146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic correlates of low umbilical cord vitamin D and ionized calcium.","authors":"Inez Reeves,&nbsp;Grace Rosario,&nbsp;Michal Young,&nbsp;Kerry Lewis,&nbsp;Kareem Washington,&nbsp;Richard M Millis","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D deficiency and hypocalcemia are associated with gestational hypertension. Therefore, we hypothesized that umbilical cord [Ca(2+)] and [vitamin D] are correlated with perinatal blood pressures. Mothers and newborns comprised vitamin D sufficient (vitamin D ≥ 50 nM, range 52-111 nM, n = 14), and vitamin D deficient groups (vitamin D < 50 nM, range 13-49 nM, n = 29). Cord [Ca²⁺] was negatively correlated with maternal systolic pressure (SBP) (r = -0.56, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with neonatal SBP (r = +0.55, p < 0.01) in the vitamin D deficient group. We conclude that low umbilical cord [vitamin D] and [Ca²⁺] may predispose mothers to higher and newborns to lower blood pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"459-64"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40267954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, arterial stiffness and the renin-angiotensin system in healthy humans.","authors":"Ahmed Abdi-Ali,&nbsp;David D M Nicholl,&nbsp;Brenda R Hemmelgarn,&nbsp;Jennifer M MacRae,&nbsp;Darlene Y Sola,&nbsp;Sofia B Ahmed","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.827705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.827705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased arterial stiffness. We sought to clarify the influence of vitamin D in modulating angiotensin II-dependent arterial stiffness. Thirty-six healthy subjects (33 ± 2 years, 67% female, mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D 69 ± 4 nmol/L) were studied in high salt balance. Arterial stiffness, expressed as brachial pulse wave velocity (bPWV) and aortic augmentation index (AIx), was measured by tonometry at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion (3 ng/kg/min × 30 min then 6 ng/kg/min × 30 min). The primary outcome was change in bPWV after an angiotensin II challenge. Results were analyzed according to plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: deficient (<50 nmol/L) and sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/L). There were no differences in baseline arterial stiffness between vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D 40 ± 2 nmol/L) and sufficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D 80 ± 4 nmol/L) groups. Compared with sufficient vitamin D status, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a decreased arterial response to angiotensin II challenge (Δbrachial pulse wave velocity: 0.48 ± 0.44 m/s versus 1.95 ± 0.22 m/s, p=0.004; Δaortic augmentation index: 9.4 ± 3.4% versus 14.2 ± 2.7%, p=0.3), which persisted for brachial pulse wave velocity response after adjustment for covariates (p=0.03). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased arterial stiffness in healthy humans, possibly through an angiotensin II-dependent mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"386-91"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.827705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40269684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender, clamped hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"David Z I Cherney,&nbsp;Alberto Montanari","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.804543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.804543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) reduces female gender-mediated protection against the development of renal disease possibly through effects on hyperglycemia. Women with DM also exhibit increased arterial stiffness, which may promote renal disease progression. The mechanisms responsible for increased arterial stiffness in women and the possible role of acute changes in ambient glycemia remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood pressure, augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and circulating mediators of the renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide (cGMP) were measured in men (n = 22) and women (n = 19) with uncomplicated type 1 DM under clamped euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, men exhibited higher levels of angiotensin II (p = 0.030) and lower cGMP levels (p = 0.004), higher systolic blood pressure (124 ± 2 versus 109 ± 2 mmHg, p < 0.0001) and pulse pressure (42 ± 2 versus 58 ± 2 beats per minute, p < 0.0001). For arterial stiffness, radial (-8.0 ± 2.6% versus +5.4 ± 3.7%, p < 0.0001) and carotid AIx (-4.7 ± 2.9 versus +12.5 ± 3.0, p < 0.0001) were lower in men versus women. In contrast, carotid-femoral PWV was similar in men and women (5.20 ± 0.30 versus 5.13 ± 0.17, respectively, p = 0.853). In response to clamped hyperglycemia, systolic blood pressure increased in women (109 ± 2 to 112 ± 2 mmHg, p = 0.005) but not men. Serum aldosterone increased and cGMP declined in women but not in men. Clamped hyperglycemia did not influence arterial stiffness in either group and radial and carotid AIx remained higher in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Arterial stiffness is higher in women with type 1 DM. This effect is not dependent on the effects of clamped hyperglycemia or neurohormonal activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"187-93"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.804543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40270112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of resistant hypertension evaluated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.","authors":"Yasuo Kansui,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Matsumura,&nbsp;Haruko Kida,&nbsp;Satoko Sakata,&nbsp;Toshio Ohtsubo,&nbsp;Ai Ibaraki,&nbsp;Takanari Kitazono","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strict control of blood pressure is important to prevent cardiovascular disease, although it is sometimes difficult to decrease blood pressure to target levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of resistant hypertension evaluated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. One hundred in-hospital patients, whose 24-hour average blood pressure was higher than 130/80 mmHg even after treatment with more than three antihypertensive drugs, were included in the present analysis. Circadian variation of blood pressure was evaluated by nocturnal fall in systolic blood pressure. Average blood pressures of all patients were high in both daytime and nighttime, 150.0/82.9 and 143.8/78.2 mmHg, respectively. Twenty patients had been treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. In 63 patients out of the other 80 patients (79%), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also decreased (<60 mL/min/1.73 m²). The patients classified into dipper, non-dipper, riser and extreme-dipper were 20%, 43%, 34% and 3%, respectively. In addition, in 17 patients whose eGFR was preserved, 12 patients showed a non-dipper or riser pattern, suggesting that it was difficult to account for this altered circadian blood pressure variation only by renal dysfunction. These results show that a large number of the patients with resistant hypertension suffered from renal dysfunction, although it was difficult to explain altered circadian blood pressure variation based on renal dysfunction alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"454-8"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40270136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Febuxostat (Feburic tablet) in the management of hyperuricemia in a general practice cohort of Japanese patients with a high prevalence of cardiovascular problems.","authors":"Shinya Hiramitsu,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Ishiguro,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Matsuyama,&nbsp;Kenji Yamada,&nbsp;Kazuo Kato,&nbsp;Manji Noba,&nbsp;Akihisa Uemura,&nbsp;Yoshirou Matsubara,&nbsp;Satoshi Yoshida,&nbsp;Atsushi Kani,&nbsp;Mamoru Tokuda,&nbsp;Hisashi Kato,&nbsp;Kazuo Hasegawa,&nbsp;Tatsushi Uchiyama,&nbsp;Shiro Matsubara,&nbsp;Kazuma Mori,&nbsp;Hisashi Kimura,&nbsp;Kenji Shino,&nbsp;Yasuchika Kato,&nbsp;Junichi Ishii","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperuricemia is increasing in prevalence and this is paralleled by an increased incidence of acute gout. In addition, there is growing evidence of an association between high serum levels of uric acid (sUA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this preliminary report, we present 12-16 week results from a multicenter, general practice study in which we evaluated the usefulness of febuxostat in a cohort of untreated patients with hyperuricemia with a high prevalence of CVD. Febuxostat titrated from 10 mg/day up to 40 mg/day resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant reductions in sUA after 12-16 weeks. A \"responder\" level of 6.0 mg/dL or lower was achieved in 95 of 100 (95%) patients. Significant reductions in sUA were achieved regardless of the presence/absence of coexisting diseases (e.g. CVD, renal insufficiency, diabetes and obesity) or the class of antihypertensive agent being used by the patient. No serious adverse reactions were noted with febuxostat. Although allopurinol has been used generally for hyperuricemia/gout, it is excreted fully via the kidneys, restricting its use in patients with reduced renal function, and its three-times-daily administration leads to poor adherence. Based on the results of this study, febuxostat may provide an easier option than allopurinol for clinicians specializing in CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"433-40"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40270958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity for the prediction of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.","authors":"Ji-Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Moo-Yong Rhee,&nbsp;Yong-Seok Kim,&nbsp;Jun-Ho Bae,&nbsp;Deuk-Young Nah,&nbsp;Young-Kwon Kim,&nbsp;Myoung-Mook Lee,&nbsp;ChiYeon Lim,&nbsp;Chan-Joo Kim","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The predictability of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated by measuring baPWV in 501 subjects scheduled for coronary angiography. Severity of CAD was measured using modified Gensini stenosis score (GSS) and classified as a vessel disease score (VDS) of 0-3. The presence of CAD was defined as diameter stenosis>50%. Subjects were grouped in tertile by level of baPWV (<14, 14-17,  >17 m/s). Subjects with CAD showed higher mean age, prevalence of men and diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension, use of antihypertensive medications and use of statin was not different. Subjects with CAD had higher baPWV than subjects without CAD (16.70 ± 3.46 versus 15.21 ± 3.19 m/s, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant correlation of baPWV and modified GSS (p=0.0337). ANCOVA adjusted with age, gender, body mass index, presence of hypertension or diabetes, status of smoking, use of antihypertensive medications and risk of hypercholesterolemia showed a statistically significant association of baPWV with VDS (p<0.0001). Highest tertile of baPWV had a statistically significant effect on the severity of CAD from an ANCOVA model. The predictive power of highest tertile of baPWV for the presence of CAD was 3.600 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.884-6.881, p<0.0001]. It is concluded that increased baPWV is a reliable predictor of the presence and severity of CAD, suggesting that baPWV>17 m/s may be a threshold value for the presence and severity of CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"404-9"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40270859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of atrial electrical and mechanical dysfunction in non-dipper pre-hypertensive subjects.","authors":"Savas Sarıkaya,&nbsp;Safak Sahin,&nbsp;Serkan Oztürk,&nbsp;Lütfi Akyol,&nbsp;Fatih Altunkaş,&nbsp;Kayıhan Karaman,&nbsp;Aytekin Alcelik,&nbsp;Yunus Keser Yılmaz","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A relationship between atrial conduction time and hypertension was shown in previous studies. Increased atrial electromechanical intervals used to predict atrial fibrillation by measured tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). So we aimed to search if there was any association between the non-dipping status and atrial electromechanical intervals in pre-hypertensive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one non-dipper and 33 dipper pre-hypertensive subjects enrolled in the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Twenty-four hours blood pressure was measured with cuff-oscillometric method. All patients were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. Using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), atrial electromechanical coupling (PA) was measured from the lateral mitral annulus (PA lateral), septal mitral annulus (PA septum) and right ventricular tricuspid annulus (PA tricuspid).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in subjects with non-dipper phenomenon than dipper ones at night. Twenty-four hours average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in non-dipper pre-hypertensive subjects, but this elevation was not significant. Left and right intraatrial (PA lateral-PA septum and PA septum-PA tricuspid) and interatrial (PA lateral-PA tricuspid) electromechanical coupling intervals were measured significantly higher in non-dipper pre-hypertensive patients (31.3 ± 3.9 versus 24.1 ± 2.3, p = 0.001; 19.5 ± 4.3 versus 13.8 ± 2.1, p = 0.001; and 11.4 ± 2.8 versus 8.8 ± 1.5, p = 0.001). Also, interatrial electromechanical delay was negatively correlated with dipping levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that prolonged atrial electromechanical intervals were related non-dipper pattern in pre-hypertensive patients. Prolonged electromechanical intervals may be an early sign of subclinical atrial dysfunction and arrhythmias' in non-dipper pre-hypertensive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"465-70"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40270963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between serum uric acid and triglycerides in relation to prehypertension in community-dwelling Japanese adults.","authors":"Ryuichi Kawamoto,&nbsp;Yasuharu Tabara,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Kohara,&nbsp;Tomo Kusunoki,&nbsp;Masanori Abe,&nbsp;Tetsuro Miki","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.789043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.789043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are few data available on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and blood pressure (BP) categories earlier in the disease continuum, when efforts for its prevention may be applicable. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the association between SUA and prehypertension in a community-dwelling sample of Japanese adults. Study participants without hypertension aged 19 to 90 years [567 men aged 56 ± 15 (mean ± standard deviation) years and 808 women aged 58 ± 13 years] were recruited for a survey at the community based annual medical check-up. The main outcome was the presence of prehypertension [systolic BP (SBP) 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 80-89 mmHg]. After adjustments by gender and age, both SBP (p<0.001) and DBP (p<0.001) increased significantly and progressively with increasing SUA and triglycerides (TG) as well as body mass index, LDL cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Compared to those with normotension, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for participants with prehypertension was 1.15 (1.05-1.26) for SUA and 3.19 (1.66-6.14) for TG. The interaction between increased SUA and TG was a significant and independent determinant for SBP (β=-2.474, p=0.008), but not for DBP (β=-0.608, p=0.349). Higher SUA levels are associated with prehypertension in participants without hypertriglyceridemia (<150 mg/dL), but not in participants with hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 150 mg/dL). TG levels may modify the association between SUA and prehypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"64-9"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.789043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40269978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Fang in salt-sensitive hypertension rats.","authors":"Qiang Yang,&nbsp;Yanming He,&nbsp;Wenjian Wang","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract Hypertension is considered as a chronic and complex disease relating to multiple systemic systems. Apart from lowering blood pressure, the final purpose of the treatment lies in reducing the variability of blood pressure and other risk factors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating hypertension. This study was designed to determine the effect of Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Fang (L-W-D-H-F), a compound used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, to treat salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT) induced by a high-salt and high-fat diet. L-W-D-H-F was prepared from six plant extracts. It was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution prior to use. Male Sprague-Dawley (6 weeks) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet (CON); HSF (Without Drug Intervention); VAL (Valsartan 13.33 mg/kg/day); and LW (L-W-D-H-F 8.13 g/kg/day). Six weeks after blood pressure treatment, plasma biochemical analyses and histological and functional examination of the kidney were performed. L-W-D-H-F decreased the levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), fasting blood glucose (FG), insulin (INS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and angiotensin II (Ang II) from plasma and Ang II and renin from kidney. It also promoted the excretion of urinary Na(+), reducing the loss of urinary K(+) and microalbuminuria (MAU), and improved the glomerular afferent arteriole, arterioles and each kidney unit. Together, these results suggest that L-W-D-H-F is capable of moderately reducing MAP in salt-sensitive hypertension and can work at different levels on multiple differential targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"426-32"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40269997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}