{"title":"Analysis and identification of symptoms and risk factors in a cohort of chronic hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Udaya Ralapanawa, Nuwan Nanayakkara, Kushalee Poornima Jayawickreme, Noorika Wickramasurendra, Sampath Tennakoon","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1501055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1501055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension (HT) is identified as a highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factor and also as a separate disease entity, leading to significant mortality and morbidity. The rate of HT is increasing worldwide with a faster rate identified in developing countries. Thus, it is important to evaluate epidemiological patterns of chronic HT in a developing country like Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, to assess symptoms and risk factors among patients with chronic HT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a cohort of 266 chronic hypertensives, the mean values for age of population, age of onset, and duration of HT, respectively, are 63, 45, and 8 years. At presentation, 24.8% were asymptomatic. The commonest presentation at diagnosis was dizziness accounting for 33.8% cases, followed by chest pain, headache, loss of consciousness, and shortness of breath accounting for 7.5%, 13.5%, 2.6%, and 4.5%, respectively. Approximately 36.5% of patients had a positive family history. Fathers of 7.1% patients, mothers of 19.2%, and both parents of 10.2% patients had HT. 38.7% of patients had one or more siblings with HT. 34.6% had diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Symptoms of those with HT are mostly nonspecific and should be considered as possible warning signs prior to the development of sinister complications of the disease. Family history of HT with affected siblings, or one of the parents, was, observed in more than one-third of patients. Early screening and prevention of modifiable risk factors are important in these patients to prevent debilitating complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"409-413"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1501055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36400814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Geng, Zhuo Zhao, Le Yang, Mingwei Zhang, Xiangjuan Liu
{"title":"Protein Kinase D was involved in vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"Jing Geng, Zhuo Zhao, Le Yang, Mingwei Zhang, Xiangjuan Liu","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1469647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1469647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was designed to determine the role of PKD in vascular remodeling (VR) in Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Increased SBP, VR and PKD activation were prominent in SHRs. The SBP has a positive correlation with the activation of PKD in SHRs. The ratio of media to lumen (MT/LD), volume fraction of collagen (VFC), hydroxyproline, IL-6, TNF-α and nitrotyrosine content were significantly related to the activated PKD. It may be concluded that PKD plays a central role in VR, and the mechanism may be related to its regulation of hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1469647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40438829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute effects of walking in water on vascular endothelial function and heart rate variability in healthy young men.","authors":"Yuto Hashimoto, Takanobu Okamoto","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1506468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1506468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Aquatic exercise might improve endothelial function due to hydrostatic pressure increasing blood flow and causing shear stress to the endothelium. However, the acute effect of aerobic exercise in water on endothelial function is unclear. The present study compares the acute effect of aerobic exercise at moderate intensity in water and on land on endothelial function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine healthy young men walked on a treadmill for 30 min while immersed in water up to the xiphoid at 30.0 ± 0.2°C and on land at an intensity equivalent to 60% heart rate reserve in a crossover trial. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured at baseline and at 30 and 60 min after exercise. Autonomic nervous activity was compared among conditions at the heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FMD significantly decreased at 30 min after exercise on land trial (p < 0.05), but did not change after the aquatic trial. However, FMD was significantly higher after aquatic trial than land trial (p < 0.05) at 30 and 60 min after exercise, whereas heart rate, blood pressure, and HRV did not significantly differ between them.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that aerobic exercise in water suppressed the decrease in FMD compared with that on land, regardless of autonomic nervous activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"452-459"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1506468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36425410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miao Xu, Jialin Li, Xiaomin Chen, Liyuan Han, Li Li, Yahui Liu
{"title":"MTHFD1 promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of hypertension.","authors":"Miao Xu, Jialin Li, Xiaomin Chen, Liyuan Han, Li Li, Yahui Liu","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1501057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1501057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) plays an essential role in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism which determines both homocysteine remethylation and de novo thymidylate biosynthesis. Hyperhomocysteinemia is positively associated with essential hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association of MTHFD1 promoter methylation with essential hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP), the levels of MTHFD1 promoter methylation in 243 essential hypertension patients, 218 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The relative changes in serum MTHFD1 promoter methylation were analyzed using the 2<sup>-ΔΔCt</sup> method. The percent of methylated reference (PMR) of MTHFD1 was used to evaluate the MTHFD1 promoter methylation levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our current study, the MTHFD1 promoter methylation of hypertensive patients were both higher than the healthy control group (median PMR were 8.97% and 5.69%, respectively, all p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed MTHFD1 promoter hypermethylation increase the risk of essential hypertension (OR, 1.336; 95%CI, 1.235-1.446; p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of MTHFD1 promoter methylation was 0.739 in total patients with essential hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MTHFD1 promoter hypermethylation was a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of essential hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"422-427"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1501057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36464241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and common carotid artery intima-media thickness obtained to assess target organ damage in hypertensive patients are closely related.","authors":"Hilmi Erdem Sumbul, Ayse Selcan Koc, Derya Demirtas","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1506471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1506471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) and increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in hypertension (HT) patients are indicators of asymptomatic organ damage. The relationship between carotid IMT and CF-PWV has been shown; studies comparing CF-PWV and IMT values within different vascular regions are limited. We aimed to investigate the relationship between IMT value measured from different anatomical regions and CF-PWV, and the localization of IMT that determines increased CF-PWV best.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 312 patients with HT. CF-PWV measurements with Doppler ultrasonography (USG). Vascular IMTs were measurements of common-internal carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries with B-mode USG (CC-IMT, IC-IMT, B-IMT, and F-IMT, respectively). Patients were divided into two groups according to their CF-PWV value (Increased CF-PWV >10 m/s and normal CF-PWV ≤10m/s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased CF-PWV was detected in 54 (17.3%) of HT patients. The patient group with increased CF-PWV was older, and their CC-IMT, IC-IMT and F-IMT values were found to be higher. The other 3 IMT increases excluding B-IMT were closely related to the CF-PWV increase. Only age and CC-IMT values were found to be most closely related to CF-PWV. CC-IMT and age were found to be independently associated with increased CF-PWV. CC-IMT (each-0.1 mm) and age (each year) were found to augment the development of increased CF-PWV by 50.3% and 14.6%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a close relationship between CC-IMT and CF-PWV increase in HT. It was thought that it would still be more useful to look at the increase of CC-IMT compared to other vascular regions for screening asymptomatic organ damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"466-473"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1506471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36426534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuting Lu, Shizheng Du, Anne Fish, Cong Tang, Qingqing Lou, Xuefang Zhang
{"title":"Wet cupping for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shuting Lu, Shizheng Du, Anne Fish, Cong Tang, Qingqing Lou, Xuefang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1510939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1510939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess the efficacy and safety of wet cupping in adults with hypertension, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using 13 databases. Wet cupping alone or in combination with antihypertensive medication or acupuncture was used. Seven randomized trials were included, most not of high methodological quality. A few small studies suggested that wet cupping alone versus antihypertensive medication significantly reduced blood pressure and Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome (hypertension-related symptoms). However based on current evidence, no firm conclusions can be drawn and no clinical recommendations made. Research projects included need validation. Studies indicate that wet cupping is a safe therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"474-480"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1510939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Induced carotid atherosclerosis in lupus mice.","authors":"Yuehai Wang, Ziyang Huang, Ling Lin, Guangyong Huang, Weitao Liu, Yuzeng Xue","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1510943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1510943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fas knockout (Fas<sup>-/-</sup>) mice are a model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) -like autoimmune syndromes. We aimed to induce atherosclerosis (AS) in Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Sixteen male Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice were included in the study, sex-matched C57B6/L (B6) and apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>) mice were negative and positive AS controls, respectively. A silica collar was placed around the right carotid artery of each mouse to induce AS development. All mice were fed a 24-week high-fat diet, and investigated for AS lesions. We also compared the levels of blood lipid and glucose, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) antibody in Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice with those in B6 or ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice. All ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> and 6 Fas<sup>-/-</sup> but no B6 mice showed atherogenesis in right carotid artery. The carotid plaque contains more collagen and less lipid in Fas<sup>-/-</sup> than ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice. The levels of blood glucose, serum TNF-α, IL-6, ANA, and anti-dsDNA antibody were significantly higher in Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice than those in B6 mice, the levels of serum TNF-α and blood glucose were significantly higher and the level of blood lipid was significantly lower in Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice than those in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Therefore, carotid AS can develop in Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Fas<sup>-/-</sup> mice display higher levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, ANA, and anti-dsDNA than B6 mice, higher levels of serum TNF-α and blood glucose and lower level of blood lipid than ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and less lipid and more collagen in AS plaque than ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"492-497"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1510943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36508728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic potentials of propolis and pollen on biochemical changes in reproductive function of L-NAME induced hypertensive male rats.","authors":"Mehmet Fuat Gulhan","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2018.1506470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1506470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is described as increased blood pressure based on changed hemodynamics and associated with an increased oxidative damage to reproductive function. This work is to determine therapeutic and protective effects of apitherapy products (propolis and pollen) on reproductive functions of L-NAME-induced hypertensive male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental animals were indiscriminately separated into four groups of seven rats in each group: (I) Control, (II) L-NAME, (III) L-NAME+ propolis and (IV) L-NAME+ pollen. At the end of the experimental applications, the rats were decapitated by anesthesia and biochemical analyzes were performed on the removed testicular tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of TOS, NF-κB and MDA in the L-NAME group compared to control have increased (p < 0.05). The levels of these parameters in L-NAME+ propolis and L-NAME+ pollen groups compared to the L-NAME group have decreased (p < 0.05). TAS levels, PON1 and CAT activities were significantly decreased in testis tissue samples in the L-NAME-induced group (p < 0.05). However, these parameters were significantly lower in the L-NAME plus propolis and pollen groups (p < 0.05) compared with rats administered L-NAME alone (p < 0.05). NO level significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in L-NAME group compared with control group. There was no statistically significant changes in the NO level of the L-NAME+ propolis group compared with the L-NAME-treated group (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It has been determined that ethanolic extracts of propolis and pollen, which are natural bee products in the regulation of rising blood pressure. Propolis or pollen is thought to help regulate reproductive function by inhibiting the functioning of inflammatory pathways leading to hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641963.2018.1506470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40532339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Yang, Zhenyan Fu, Yitong Ma, Ding Huang, Qing Zhu, Cha Erdenbat, Xiang Xie, Fen Liu, Yingying Zheng
{"title":"CYP4A11 gene T8590C polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in the male western Chinese Han population.","authors":"Hong Yang, Zhenyan Fu, Yitong Ma, Ding Huang, Qing Zhu, Cha Erdenbat, Xiang Xie, Fen Liu, Yingying Zheng","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CYP4A11 is a member of the cytochrome P450 enzymes and is responsible for metabolizing arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a metabolite involved in the regulation of blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate whether or not the CYP4A11 gene polymorphism T8590C (rs1126742) is involved in essential hypertension in the western Chinese Han population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a case-control study, the participants included 864 (523 males and 341 females) patients with essential hypertension and 661 (422 males and 239 females) healthy subjects. The T8590C polymorphism of the CYP4A11 gene was analyzed by using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For men, the frequencies of the CC genotype and the C allele were higher in essential hypertension than in the control group (p=0.022 and p=0.016, respectively). After adjustment of confounding factor such as diabetes, smoking, BMI, TG and TC, the significant difference was observed in CC genotype (OR=1.897, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.026-3.508; p=0.041). No difference was found in all participants and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CC genotype and C allele were associated with essential hypertension in the male western Chinese Han population.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"398-403"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40271585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of leptin and leptin receptor gene 3' UTR polymorphisms in essential hypertension.","authors":"Swapna Nagalingam, Mohana Vamsi Uppuluri, Padma Gunda, Usha Ravishanker, Padma Tirunilai","doi":"10.3109/10641963.2013.846356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2013.846356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms have been associated with obesity; however, their association with blood pressure has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3' flanking region of the leptin and leptin receptor gene on blood pressure in hypertensives with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and eighty hypertensives and 200 healthy controls were analyzed for a tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism of leptin and leptin receptor genes. Genotyping was done by amplifying DNA and determining the allele sizes using gel documentation system. Odds ratios were computed to predict the risk for hypertension caused by specific genotypes of leptin and leptin receptor genes and the effect of interaction between them on the development of hypertension was determined by MDR test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant preponderance in the incidence of male sex, obese individuals and those with positive family history was observed with significant elevation in the mean levels of SBP, DBP, BMI and reduction of HDL levels in hypertensives as compared to controls. Class I/I genotypes of leptin showed significantly high risk for developing hypertension irrespective of obesity. Genotypes of leptin receptor did not confer any risk for hypertension and cohorts studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Homozygotes I/I were at greater risk for developing hypertension irrespective of obesity. When leptin and leptin receptor genes were considered together, synergistic interaction was observed between the two genes leading to hypertension, while the polymorphism at leptin gene and obesity was correlated.</p>","PeriodicalId":286988,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.y. : 1993)","volume":" ","pages":"419-25"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10641963.2013.846356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40276947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}