Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia最新文献

{"title":"An Overview of the Ambulance Safety: Towards the Improvement in ASEAN Countries","authors":"E. N. Roslin, M. Z. Zakaria, N. Mohd Nur, E. H. Sukadarin, M. Widia, A. Hamzah","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.179","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ambulances have been utilized as one of the important vehicles in operating the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. As safety is the utmost priority for an EMS crashes involving ambulances would not only delay patient transfers but would also endanger its occupants and other road users. Although the numbers of accidents involving ambulances are considered to be low as compared to other types of vehicles, preventive measures need to be taken in order to eliminate the high risk of accidents occurring as ambulances should be able to provide reliable and safe emergency transport services for the benefit of the public. An overview of ambulance accidents is highlighted in this paper. Based on the literature reviews, four main factors have been identified as the contributor to the causes of the accidents involving ambulances – driver-related factor, vehicle-related factor, task-related factor, and environment-related factor. From the findings, future research should be focused on creating mitigation plans on a structured preventive measure that could be implemented particularly in reducing fatal accidents involving the ambulance in ASEAN countries. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116492699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Rear-End Impact Crash Characteristics and Injury Pattern in Malaysia","authors":"M. Widia, B.S. Jamaludin, A. A. Ab. Rashid, E. H. Sukadarin, N. S. Fauzan, H. A. Aziz, H. Osman, E. N. Roslin, Yassierli, H. Zadry, Y.T. Prasetyo, M.S. Neubert","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Rear-end crashes are one of the most common types of accidents. The characteristics of rear impact crash (based on accident data in Malaysia) have not been well studied. The objective of this study is to investigate the rear impact crash characteristics in Malaysia between 2016 and 2018 using data obtained from Bukit Aman Traffic Investigation and Enforcement (JSPT), Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) Pol 27. The analysis revealed that motorcycles (40.3%) were the largest contributor to rear-end crashes, followed by occupant car (36.3%), lorry (16.3%), four-wheel (3.8%), bus (1.6%) and other vehicles (1.6%). The majority did not suffer any injury (60.8%), while there were fatalities (16.8%), injuries (14.3%), and severe injuries (8.1%). The highest percentage of fatal crashes occurred at the speed limit area 110 km/h (23.6%). The chi-square test showed that speed limit and type of crash were significantly associated (p<0.01). The result also showed a significant association between main vehicle part damage and injury level (p<0.01). The study shows a thorough examination and analysis of rear impact crash characteristics can provide important and useful information to guide transport policy, vehicle design, and driver education. Further research is needed to fully understand the key factors that contribute to rear-end impact crashes in Malaysia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122433902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Injury Severity involving of Passenger Vehicles’ Occupants in Frontal Impact Collisions","authors":"M.A. Mohamad Radzi, A. Z. Zainal Abidin, A. Shabadin, N. S. Azman, S. A. Mohd Faudzi, N. F. Paiman, Y. Ahmad","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In Malaysia, Passenger Vehicles (PV) accounted for the second-highest proportion of vehicles involved in road crashes (13.5%) as well as the total number of casualties (18.6%) after motorcycles. This raised the alarm that a thorough investigation should be conducted on the injury severity of occupants in PV crashes involving frontal impact collisions. The objective of this study is to evaluate injury severity outcome based on the selected crash parameters for the front seat occupants involved in frontal impact collision. The data for this study was sourced from the MIROS crash investigation database (MICARS) from 2007 until 2019, during which MIROS had investigated a total of 975 cases in both East and West Malaysia. After filtering through the cases, a total of 129 frontal impact crashes (PV versus PV) involving 206 PV and 349 front seat occupants were selected for data analysis. From the total number of selected cases, 82 cases were involved in head-on collisions while 47 cases were involved in side-impact collisions. As a result, crash configuration, crush extent, airbag availability, and seatbelt wearing are strongly related to the level of injury severity of frontal seat occupants involved in a frontal impact collision. Meanwhile, collision types and occupant seating position do not appear to be significantly related to the severity of the occupants’ injuries. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131388347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Injury Patterns for Drivers Based on Police Reported Frontal Crashes in Malaysia","authors":"M. Noordin, H. Osman, H. A. Aziz, N. Rosli, M. Widia, E. H. Sukadarin, N. S. Fauzan, H. Zadry, A. A. Ab. Rashid","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Most Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia have a relatively high number of traffic fatalities involving occupants of 4-wheel vehicles. The frontal impact collisions have been identified as the cause of most passenger vehicle occupant deaths. Therefore, a better understanding of real-world frontal crashes is needed in support of decision-making processes for future frontal crash test programs. One of the important elements to examine is the occupant injury patterns based on real-world crashes. Furthermore, different frontal crash configurations may result in different levels of injury severity. The objective of this study is to analyze the driver injury and body part injury levels based on police-reported frontal crashes in Malaysia. Road crash cases from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from Bukit Aman Traffic Investigation and Enforcement Department (JSPT), Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM). 81% of the cases comprised frontal crashes (full width & offset) while the rest involved sideswipe cases. Most of the drivers sustained no injury (70.77%) whereas 11.11%, 8.77%, and 6.87% suffered fatal injury, injury, and severe injury, respectively. The most frequent fatal cases among drivers involved injuries to multiple body regions for both configurations. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between the frontal crash configuration and driver injury level. The average odds ratio for fatality in frontal crashes compared to sideswipe configurations was 6.29. The rate of driver fatality per one crash has also increased marginally over the years. The study findings provide some information to support the recommendation that a full-width configuration is considered in future ASEAN NCAP frontal crash tests. Further research is also needed to fully understand real-world frontal crash impacts in Malaysia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121384887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Performance Indicator (DPI) to Classify Distracted Driving Conditions in the Elderly Females","authors":"W. P. Loh, K. S. Tan, N. Yusop, Z. Mohd Jawi, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.178","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The driving performance and distracted driving conditions are among the key elements in road safety assessments. Quantitative measurements were reportedly used to characterize the driving performance. However, the main Driving Performance Indicators (DPI) that evaluate and distinguish the distracted driving conditions are unknown. The present study aimed to select the top three DPIs that best classify three levels of driving distractions targeting the elderly female group based on the publicly available database. Data involved eight driving session records of 15 subjects (female of elderly age group) captured in 62,284 instances x 6 attributes (5 DPI and 1 DriveCondition class) that were extracted based on the inclusion criteria set. The DPI features were selected based on the Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) and CorrelationAttributeEval (CA) algorithms of WEKA 3.8, reasoned by DPI's Pearson's correlation results. The Simple Random Undersampling approach was used to resolve the class imbalance state. The 'All' and 'with DPI feature selection DPI' (CFS and CA) datasets were classified using 1NN and J-48 algorithms at 10-fold cross-validation mode into three predefined classes of distracted driving conditions (Relax, Moderate and Intense). Classification accuracies achieved from 'All' and 'with DPI feature selection DPI' (CFS and CA) datasets were 66.10% to 68.86% (1NN) and 68.50% to 71.01% (J-48), respectively. The main DPI subsets nominated by CFS: {Speed, Acceleration, Steering, Laneoffset} and CA: {Speed, LaneOffset, Acceleration} each decreased classification accuracy from All datasets by a minimal 0.4% to 2.8% each. Findings demonstrated that Speed, Acceleration, and Lane Offset were high-ranked DPIs that sufficiently distinguished driving distraction classes for the elderly female drivers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114418393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lift and Drag Performance Based on Varying Flapping Wing Camber at Low Reynolds Number of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs)","authors":"H. Yusoff, M. Arifin, N. Shaari, M. Zainuddin, R. Mahmod, S. Suhaimi, W. M. Wan Mohamed","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.177","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FW-MAVs) are small hand-held flying vehicles that can maneuver in constrained space owing to their lightweight, low aspect ratio and the ability to fly in a low Reynolds number environment. In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics such as time-averaged lift (CL avg) and time-averaged drag (CD avg) of camber wings with different five wind tunnel test models with 6, 9, 12, and 15 per cent camber were developed and the results were compared with a flat wing to assess the effects of camber wing on the aerodynamic performance for flapping flight applications. The experiments were performed in an open chamber with non-return airflow with a test section of (0.3 x 0.3) m and capable of speeds from 0.5 to 30 m/s. The (CL avg) and (CD avg) as functions of the angle of attack at 100, associated with flapping frequency at 9 Hz and low Re = 3600 of the flapping motions concerning the incoming flows are measured by using a strain gauge balance and KYOWA PCD- 300A sensor interface data acquisition system. It is found that camber would bring significant aerodynamic benefits in a higher lift in comparison to the flat wing and increase with increasing camber instead of drag shows contrary a decreasing of performance with increase drag when the camber raised. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115652141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private Vehicle Roadworthiness Inspection – Towards ELV Realization","authors":"M. S. Solah, A. Hamzah, A. H. Ariffin, M. S. Abdul Khalid, A. Salleh, Syakura A. Rahim, K. A. Abu Kassim","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.182","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Being one of the most critical sectors worldwide, the rapid increase of automobility has necessitated effective management of End-of- Life Vehicles (ELVs). However, in Malaysia, an ELV policy and initiative is absent from the country's automotive ecosystem which resulted in a proliferation of aged and unsafe vehicles; thus potentially increasing the chance of occupant injury in a crash. The government had already mooted an ELV policy but due to public outcry, the proposed plan for the scrapping of aged vehicles was postponed. This paper aims to provide an overview of a potential private vehicle inspection to be introduced and also the challenges facing the government towards the implementation of the ELV directive in Malaysia. It is believed that the results presented in this paper will be useful to academics, government officials, and researchers to establish strategies for ELV policy in Malaysia effectively via a vehicle roadworthiness inspection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"46 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124201555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road Lights Profiling Based on Road Lighting Setting-Up and Performances","authors":"J. Prasetijo, M.A. Mohd Nar, Z. Mohd Jawi, Z. Ngadiron, M. E. Mahyeddin, M. Norrizan, M.F. Abd Latif","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i3.181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Roads and highways are the areas where road accidents commonly occurred, and the number increases during a certain period such as festive breaks. ASEAN NCAP is committed to ensuring the safety of vehicles in Southeast Asia by improving the rating systems and standards of a vehicle such as AEB and AHB. Additionally, efforts on the improvements of street/road lighting performances and facilities (profiling and design) would play an important role in safety along the road stretches since vehicle lighting are strongly correlated with visual effectiveness. Road lighting performance with low hence and low visual quality would contribute to accidents in certain road sections. Therefore, this study experimented with road lighting performance environments by using Luxmeter based on the Euro NCAP (2018) standard and guideline. A reference grid of road light measurement with a 1-meter interval was used to measure lighting performance on each distance interval. Two federal roads in Johor were picked as experiment sites, i.e. FT050 (Jalan Batu Pahat – Ayer Hitam – Kluang) and FT001 (Jalan Johor Bahru – Segamat). FT050 road is a two carriageway with a width average of 2.6 meters, 134- kilometer in length, and the lamp used most was a double arm lamp. FT001 is similar in width (2.6-meter), 992.6-kilometer in length, and used single- arm lamps. The study found that FT050’s lighting performance decreasing at each interval grid while away from the lights at the range of 38 lux to 16 lux, however, FT001's result was decreasing at mid-interval and it increases when approaching mid between the lights at 23 lux – 15 lux – 19 lux. The following study concluded that using single arm lighting systems (by turns) resulting in higher lights (lux) performances and larger (lux) distributions (coverage) on roads. Therefore, the installments of single arm lighting system (by turns) would be considered for lights performance and efficiency concerning the drivers' visibility. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125675037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perspective Analysis of Road Accident Using Data Envelopment Analysis","authors":"K. Mokhtar, S. Ruslan, A. Abu Bakar, Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Ahmad, U. A. Mokhtar, W. Z. ABDUL HALIM, C.C. Hor","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The rapid growth of the economy has led to the increased in road traffic networks and had indirectly led to the rapid cases of road accidents in Malaysia. Road accidents are one of the main contributors to human deaths in Malaysia. This paper attempts to measure road accidents in Malaysia by looking at the road accidents of 13 states and a federal territory. The aim is to measure the numbers and causes of road accidents by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Due to that, the input and output are identified to compute the efficiency level of road accidents. Apart of that, the trends in the number of road accidents in Malaysia is also depicted. For this study, the data from 2008 to 2011 for each Decision Making Unit (DMU) is analyzed. The result shows that the efficiency level did not determined by the number of vehicles on the road and the size of the state but it is determined by the utilization of resources by the authorities. It shows that managing input is important when the level of efficiency for the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) for the output is concerned. The outcome of this study supports the government measures to level up road maintenance in order to improve the efficiency level and curb the numbers of road accidents in Malaysia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemic COVID-19 Effect on Future Courier Technologies","authors":"W.J. Yahya","doi":"10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.146","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In Malaysia, when Movement Control Order (MCO) took place, many economic sectors are forced to shut down to control the pandemic. Most of the households are trapped in the house and trying to adapt to many new normal activities such as “work from home”, “virtual learning”, “online shopping” and many more. These new normal activities are increasing the demand of certain economic sectors such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), digital banking, delivery services, etc. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":286928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123354021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}