Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques最新文献

Wer schützt wen? Hachimanismus, Buddhismus und Tennōismus im Altertum 谁保护谁?古代Hachimanismus、佛教和Tennō主义

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0014

B. Scheid

{"title":"Wer schützt wen? Hachimanismus, Buddhismus und Tennōismus im Altertum","authors":"B. Scheid","doi":"10.1515/asia-2014-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2014-0014","url":null,"abstract":"The cult of Hachiman or “Hachimanism” is discussed from its inception as a national cult (mid-eighth century) to its firm establishment in the ninth century. Hachimanism was initially part of the politico-religious program of Emperor Shōmu and his daughter Abe, the “last empress”. Their kind of state Buddhism implied a combination of Buddhist ritualism based on the Golden Light Sutra and other state protecting Buddhist texts as well as non-Buddhist ancestor worship. Hachiman functioned according to both systems, since he was both a protector of Buddhism and an imperial ancestral deity. After what I call a Hachiman boom from about 750 to 770, the famous Dōkyō incident (769) must have led to a fundamental doubt in the validity of Hachiman’s oracles and therefore to a crisis for Hachimanism. However, in the early Heian period, innovative monks such as Kūkai, Saichō, and Gyōkyō re-established Hachimanism to strengthen their ties to the imperial court. In order to obtain protection by the state they redefined the cult of Hachiman as an explicitly Buddhist state protector. Bernhard Scheid: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. E-mail: Bernhard.Scheid@oeaw.ac.at","PeriodicalId":286658,"journal":{"name":"Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124059616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

„Wissen‟ und „glauben‟ als Gegensatzpaar im politischen Diskurs Japans zwischen 1812 und 1911 1812年至1911年日本政治对话的对立对立面是“知识”和“信仰”

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0009

H. Reinfried

{"title":"„Wissen‟ und „glauben‟ als Gegensatzpaar im politischen Diskurs Japans zwischen 1812 und 1911","authors":"H. Reinfried","doi":"10.1515/asia-2014-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2014-0009","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on how the German pair of concepts opposite in meaning “wissen” (to know) and “glauben” (to believe) was expressed in Japanese texts critical of religion and religious organizations before and after the onslaught of Western ideas in the second half of the 19th century. A comparison of the words used for the actions commonly associated with “believing” and “knowing” in a text on peasant life in rural Kyūshū in the 1810s with the terminology used by a leading member of the bureaucratic intelligentsia in Tokyo in the 1910s reveals that the basic conflict between “knowing” and “believing” before and after the mid-19th century period of transition differed fundamentally from the archetypal opposition of “belief in transcendence” versus “acquisition of knowledge by empirical methods” which characterised the Western Age of Enlightenment. In fact, religion was blamed above all for deflecting the allegiance of believers from the political authorities to religious organizations. Accordingly criticism in both periods focuses mainly on those religious organizations which on grounds of their popular appeal were seen to pose an immediate threat to the government’s claim to “knowing”, a term which in Japanese is semantically closely linked with “governing”. Since faith was not regarded as “the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen” (Hebrews 11.1) but as a form of allegiance ( kie ), criticism of religion in the texts surveyed should be understood as being rooted in political concerns, not in a radical denial of religion as such. Heinrich Reinfried: i. R., Abteilung Japanologie, Asien-Orient-Institut, Universität Zürich. E-mail: reinfried@asiaintensiv.ch","PeriodicalId":286658,"journal":{"name":"Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114776303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

De la relation entre les « nouvelles nianhua » et les nianhua populaires : exemples d'intericonicité dans un art de propagande “新年华”与大众年华的关系:宣传艺术中相互象似性的例子

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/ASIA-2014-0015

M. Wyss

{"title":"De la relation entre les « nouvelles nianhua » et les nianhua populaires : exemples d'intericonicité dans un art de propagande","authors":"M. Wyss","doi":"10.1515/ASIA-2014-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ASIA-2014-0015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the rhetoric of new nianhua , images of the Maoist propaganda produced since 1940 for a rural population who was familiar with the aesthetic and the symbolic of nianhua (new year prints). Their rhetoric is based in many cases on an “intericonic” relationship with local popular models. Through a few examples of virtual pairs of images (mostly produced during two reforms in the fifties, in Yangjiabu, Shandong), this paper analyzes the different types of plastic and symbolic relationships between “old” and “new” nianhua , aiming at a better understanding of how those relationships were meant to reinforce propaganda messages. Marie Wyss: Département des études est-asiatiques, Université de Genève. E-mail: Marie.Wyss@unige.ch 1 Méthode de lecture Les nouvelles nianhua (xin nianhua 新年画) des années 1940 et 1950 sont des images de propagande, à savoir des images que les sémioticiens disent fonctionnelles ou « conatives »1, des images dont la « signification est intentionnelle »2. La sémiotique visuelle qui s’intéresse au langage visuel, aux signes qui sont propres à ce langage et permettent à une image de faire sens, fournit des outils particulièrement utiles pour décrypter les significations et la rhétorique de ce type de produits. Catherine Saouter distingue les niveaux plastique, iconique et interprétant d’une image : « Toute image, d’un point de vue sémiotique, est donnée, 1 Fonction « conative »: de conatio « effort, tentative ». Des images conatives sont des images qui impliquent le récepteur, à savoir l’éventuel futur acheteur ou partisan. Voir par exemple : Joly 2009: 44–45. 2 Barthes 1964: 40. L’auteur dit cela à propos d’images publicitaires, que les sémioticiens de l’image considèrent comme appartenant à la même catégorie que les images de propagande.","PeriodicalId":286658,"journal":{"name":"Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129555820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anzan Kigan. Rituelle Geburtspraktiken Japans im Wandel der Zeit Anzan Kigan .日本时代变了

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0003

Christian Göhlert

{"title":"Anzan Kigan. Rituelle Geburtspraktiken Japans im Wandel der Zeit","authors":"Christian Göhlert","doi":"10.1515/asia-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Before access to modern obstetrics became widely available in Japan, \u0000people had to resort to folk medicine, as well as to a number of religious and \u0000magical practices to alleviate the danger that pregnancy and childbirth brought \u0000with them. Collectively, these practices are known as anzan kigan – the prayer for \u0000safe delivery. Modernization, urbanization and technological advances since the \u0000Meiji Restauration all had a profound effect on these practices. Some have all but \u0000disappeared, others have persisted, albeit in modified form. Yet others seemed \u0000to be on the decline, only to experience a veritable renaissance in recent years. \u0000Based on fieldwork conducted in Gumma and Kagoshima, as well as an analysis \u0000of recent maternity journals, this paper takes a look at how and why these practices \u0000have changed, as well as at the strategies that shrines and temples that offer \u0000anzan kigan services have adopted to stay relevant in modern times. It argues that \u0000anzan kigan has changed from a socially significant set of practices with heavy \u0000religious connotations to a secularized and commercialized event that is most \u0000relevant on the level of individual families. Practices that have always been or \u0000could be adapted to be compatible with this change are going strong, while those \u0000that are not are in the process of dying out for good.","PeriodicalId":286658,"journal":{"name":"Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121240167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schutz durch magische Formeln. Amulette (o-fuda) des japanischen Strahlenglanz-Dhāraṇī-Glaubens aus der Sammlung Kadono Konzen bunko 咒语保护日本的护身符——o-fuda Strahlenglanz-Dh拉āṇī-Glaubens收藏的Kadono Konzen bunko

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0004

N. Gülberg

{"title":"Schutz durch magische Formeln. Amulette (o-fuda) des japanischen Strahlenglanz-Dhāraṇī-Glaubens aus der Sammlung Kadono Konzen bunko","authors":"N. Gülberg","doi":"10.1515/asia-2014-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2014-0004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the function and history of Japanese paper charms (o-fuda) from the viewpoint of their issuing institutions. First, it differentiates between paper charms issued by Shintō shrines and those issued by Buddhist temples: Shintō paper charms are said to be potentially harmful even for their owners, because they absorb evil powers to protect them, so one has to exchange these paper charms usually after one year of use. Buddhist paper charms, on the other hand, are of no harm, thanks to the ever-lasting protective power of the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas or Holy Men that are depicted on them. Their iconographic decoration made Buddhist paper charms attractive to western collectors who came to Japan; one of the greatest and most well-known of these collections by the French japanologist Bernhard Frank (1927–1996) just went online in summer 2012. \u0000 \u0000The definition of ‘paper charm’ is tricky: How can we be sure that a paper has really been charmed and is not only a piece of printed paper? Should derivative forms like hanging scrolls or contract forms printed with the same image as the paper charm also be regarded as charms? How does a paper charm function in the framework of economic activities of a Buddhist temple? These and other questions are answered on the basis of a special private collection of a specific iconographic type of paper charms from Mount Koya covering a period of 200 years.","PeriodicalId":286658,"journal":{"name":"Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132634376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is “rhetoric” anyway? Briared in words in Early China 到底什么是“花言巧语”?在中国早期的文字中有荆棘

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0019

Lisa Indraccolo

引用次数: 4

Rezensionen – Comptes rendus – Reviews

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.1515/ASIA-2014-0020

Takemitsu Morikawa

引用次数: 0

Recent research on the Maitreya Monastery in Inner Mongolia (China) 中国内蒙古弥勒寺研究近况

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-01-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0001

Isabelle Charleux

引用次数: 2

Martin Heidegger in der Rezeption von Ṣifāʾ ʿAbd as-Salām Ǧaʿfar – Zeitgenössische Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Philosophie und Theologie 马丁·海德格尔在柜台的Ṣ如果āʾʿ曼苏尔·as-SalāmǦaʿ远方——当代思考关系哲学和神学

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-01-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0007

K. Moser

{"title":"Martin Heidegger in der Rezeption von Ṣifāʾ ʿAbd as-Salām Ǧaʿfar – Zeitgenössische Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Philosophie und Theologie","authors":"K. Moser","doi":"10.1515/asia-2014-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2014-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Ṣifāʾ ʿAbd as-Salām Ǧaʿfar is a contemporary Egyptian philosopher \u0000working mainly on the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). One \u0000of her concerns is the question of the relationship between philosophy and theology. \u0000This paper is the first to introduce Ǧaʿfar and her writings on Heidegger’s \u0000theology to a non-Arabic audience and traces her line of argument on the question \u0000of philosophy and theology of Heidegger. The paper starts with an allusion to \u0000Heidegger’s early involvement in theology, which Ǧaʿfar considers to be the point \u0000of origin and reference throughout his different phases of thinking. Heidegger’s \u0000main work of his early period, Time and Being , is then pointed out as a preliminary \u0000to the true theology, which Ǧaʿfar calls non-traditional. On grounds of \u0000Heidegger’s later works, and especially based on a comparison between Plotin \u0000and Heidegger, Ǧaʿfar claims that Heidegger’s theology can be considered to be \u0000close to mysticism. This paper highlights that Ǧaʿfar participates with her argument \u0000in current debates on Heidegger’s thoughts on theology and philosophy. \u0000In doing so she opens up a new ground for the Arabic dialogue with Heidegger \u0000dating back to the 1950s. This paper, in turn, aims to open the Arabic reception of \u0000Heidegger as a new field of inquiry by focusing on its theological aspect.","PeriodicalId":286658,"journal":{"name":"Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121145903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rezensionen – Comptes rendus – Reviews

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques Pub Date : 2014-01-28 DOI: 10.1515/asia-2014-0013

Urs Gösken

引用次数: 0