Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature最新文献

{"title":"Anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems by geochemical and photosynthetic parameters","authors":"D. Andreev, S. Buzmakov","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-49-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-49-57","url":null,"abstract":"Geochemical and physiological indices gained at the background area and at the area under anthropogenic impact were compared. The study sites comprise 30 sample areas each. Overall, 600 samples of pine needles were designated for the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence measurement as well as 60 samples of soil and pine needle correspondingly were selected to perform the geochemical analysis. The biological uptake of the pine urban ecosystems is represented in the range: Mn (10,16) > P (7,19) > Ag (2,78) > Ba (2,76) > Cu (2,31) > Sr (1,85) > Ni (1,80) > Zn (1,75) > Pb (0,86) > Co (0,48) > Cr (0,40) > Zr (0,37) > V (0,36) > Ga (0,33) > Ti (0,21). In comparison with the background site data the biological uptake is increased in regard to V, Ti, Ni, Cu, Cr. The methodology implies the method of recording the relative index of delayed fluorescence with the help of fluorimeter “Photon 10”. The data accumulated in the course of the geochemical analysis allowed to distinguish common geochemical features of the study sites and revealed differences in soil and needle qualities. The value of relative index of delayed fluorescence (RIDF) under the impact of considerable anthropogenic impact is lower by 25% and more related to the background site. This deviation testifies that the human impact is present even on the early stage of ecosystem degradation.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132112682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of geoinformation systems for environmental management and environmental safety in the areas of exploited oil deposits","authors":"S. Buzmakov, P. Sannikov, D.E. Sivkov, E. Dziuba, Y. Khotyanovskaya, D. Egorova","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-102-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-102-127","url":null,"abstract":"The state of environmental protection of natural environment from negative processes has become an integral part of sustainable mining. The analytical review shows the ways of geoinformation system’s preparing a to ensure environmental safety during oil mining process on protected areas. Obtainment information for geoinformation database is based on technologies of aerial remote sensing, experimental modeling of biotic reactions to the impact of technogenic factors by biotesting methods. The geoinformation system should perform observations, assessments, search and regulatory forecasts, based on digital technologies, and develop individual measures for the preservation and restoration of the natural environment. Environmental stresses are usually caused by halogenesis, bitumization, air pollution and mechanogenesis. The use of geoinformation systems to collect information about the state of the natural environment is an essential feature of sustainable mining. Multispectral and panchromatic aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicle has been successfully used to assess pollution, land degradation, and the effectiveness of land restoration. It is important to develop an unmanned aerial sensing technique for areas, where oil fields and protected are located. Biotesting of the consequences of technogenic transformation of ecosystem components is significantly related to the choice of optimal test objects for conducting experiments. Soil contamination with oil and its processed products affects the condition of all components: plants, microorganisms. It is advisable to develop a methodology for determining the patterns and levels of impact of residual oil and technogenic brines on local natural objects, local soil and water ecosystems based on the results of biotesting. Development of regulations for standard measures for remediation of ecosystems at different levels of pollution, during bitumization, halogenesis of land and water objects. The review shows that there are technological possibilities for creating GIS for monitoring the quality of the natural environment and environmental safety in the areas of oil fields. Digital maps of soils, watersheds, natural and technical systems, the development of technogenic processes and measures to restore the natural environment, allow to provide spatial modeling of natural and technogenic processes. Environmental quality management during oil mining process remains an important goal of geoecological researches.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132491106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beetles of the «Basegi» nature reserve: research study analysis","authors":"P. Sannikov, V. Kozminykh","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-36-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-36-47","url":null,"abstract":"The information about investigation (since 1982) of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Nature Reserve «Basegi» is given. Informational base of this article, details of data interpretation are marked. Spatial aspects for studies of the «Basegi» Reserve, its ecosystems and term distribution of investigation are noticed. Biodiversirsity of identified families of beetles in various areas is characterized. In addition, the most prospective directions of further research are given.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127958665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote observation of animals by camera traps (example of the Vishersky reserve)","authors":"S.V. Zimin","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-35-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-35-47","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016-2020 in the FSBI «State Reserve «Vishersky» (Perm Territory, Russia), observations of game animals were carried out, including the brown bear – Ursus arctos, the elk - Alces alces, the wild reindeer – Rangifer tarandus using camera traps. Camera traps of following models were user Keep Guard CK 076 HD Boskon Guard BG 520 Suntek (Owl 120), Scoutguard SG 562-BW (Boly Guard), Scoutguard SG - 2060-k, Bushnell Natureview Cam HD Essential mainly on animal paths. The total number of camera s was 4097 traps/day. On the basis of the results of remote sensing, the indices of the abundance of species were calculated, the seasonal and daily activity of animals was assessed, and the features of their behavior were revealed. According to the camera traps, the population density of brown bear does not correspond to the indicator for the optimal habitats of this species [8]. The western slope of the North Ural taiga in general and for the Upper Visher population of brown bears in particular such low this density is probably optimal. In total, 227 photolocations were obtained, of which 11 species of mammals and 2 spesies of grouse birds were recorded. The most frequently recorded species is the elk. It has been confirmed that with the formation of a deep snow cover, it leaves the protected area, whist was noted in the second half of the 19 th century [5]. Information on the age and sex composition of the moose group was obtained. The sex ratio was 1.8 in favor of males. Brown bear and elk are most active during daylight hours. To determine the indicator of the abundance of animal throughout the reserve additional data from camera traps installed in the main biotopes of the protected area required. At the same time, a network of camera traps is desirable following the example of the Central Forest Reserve [6] of the Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve and the Land of the Leopard National Park [11] with a network size of 5x5 km, where at least one observation point should be located.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location of rare Orchids in the Gainsky district (Perm krai, Russia), prospective for assigning the status of specially protected natural territory","authors":"I. Abdulmanova","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-24-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-24-35","url":null,"abstract":"The task of preserving biodiversity is closely related to the protection of rare and endangered species of organisms and the development of a system of specially protected natural areas. In 2020 and 2021, a reconnaissance survey of a site with a small open swamp near the village of Gayny (Perm Krai) was carried out in order to assess the prospects for giving it the status of a specially protected natural area. The site is characterized by a high diversity and abundance of orchids growing on it, which are one of the most vulnerable components of vegetation. The diversity of plant communities of the site was described and 11 orchids were recorded. All of them are included in the security lists of various levels. In addition, in the territory under consideration in 2015, a resident of the village of Gaina, Yu. A. Savelyev, recorded Epipogium aphyllum Sw., which was not encountered during a reconnaissance survey. The article presents some features of the distribution, biology and protection of all orchids noted on this territory. The main reason for the reduction in the number of orchids, as well as many other species of organisms, is the violation of habi-tats. Ecological and biological features of orchids enhance the effect of adverse factors. Therefore, today the conserva-tion of orchid habitats is considered as the most effective method of their protection. Based on this, it is concluded that it is advisable to assign the status of a specially protected natural area to the surveyed site in the vicinity of the village of Gainy, Perm Krai.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130872451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of associated gas flaring on the radial growth of Pinus Sylvestris (Ozernoe oil field, Perm region, Russia)","authors":"A. Porozova, P. Sannikov","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-58-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-58-74","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the question of influence of associated gas flaring on radial growth of Pinus sylvestris. The studied area is Ozernoye oil field of Krasnovishersky district of Perm region (Russia). The main research method is dendrochronological analysis. The wood cores of Pinus sylvestris were selected in the summer of 2020 using a Pressler increment borer according to the standard methodology. Cores were taken from two plots. The main plot is 100 m from the associated gas flaring torch and background plot is 11 km from the torch. The calculation and measurement of the width of the radial growth of wood were made on the machine for measuring tree rings – LINTAB 6. Numerical parameters of wood growth obtained for both plots. The average value growth of wood at the main plot is 1.426 mm/year; at the background plot – 1.808 mm/year. The relative decrease of average growth of wood over 20 years before and after the start of associated gas flaring at the main plot 1.45 times higher than at the background plot. The radial growth decreases systematically at both plots for 20 years since the beginning of associated gas flaring. But the rates of decrease are 1.52–1.67 times higher near the torch. The trend for recovery, as well as increase in the growth values, 10-20 years after the start of associated gas flaring, was not revealed. Therefore, the explicit negative impact of associated gas combustion on the radial growth of wood in nearest forest were noted. Maximum growth rates at the main plot were noted for trees ages 0-55 years. It is not supporting the conclusions of some researches [7,37] that Pinus sylvestris has the most intense growth during 30-35 years old. Revealed [37] high levels of chemical and dust atmospheric contamination, reducing growth of wood, most likely cannot be achieved by the associated gas flaring by the single torch. Positive (fertilizing) influence of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Mn [29,30] compounds emissions is not marked as well. We guess that thermal – is the main negative factor for the plot near associated gas flaring. Our research could be continued to the studying of the influence of spatial, climatic aspects, volume and intensity of gas flaring process on the state of forest stand.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional issues of sustainable development of protected areas","authors":"S. Buzmakov","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-48-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-48-55","url":null,"abstract":"Topical issues of sustainable development of protected areas of the region are considered, which include the problems of preserving natural heritage, monitoring protected areas, developing a natural park, forming forms of soil protection, ensuring the environmental safety of protected areas during hydrocarbon production. The current state of monitoring of the network of protected areas for the preservation of natural heritage is determined, the regional methodology for determining the degree of degradation of the natural environment is assessed. The level of development of the natural park in the context of sustainable development is revealed, which is recognized as insufficient. The issues of studying the soil cover for the formation of the Red Data Book of soils are highlighted. The widespread oil production is based on the principles of protected areas safety and rational subsoil use.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124918799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian reserve management: from the past to the future","authors":"A. Chibilev","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-6-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-6-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the historical background of the origin and development of conservation in Russia. The outstanding role of the Standing Environmental Commission of the Imperial Russian geographical society in the development of scientific principles for the formation of a geographical network of reserves and national parks in Russia is noted. The chronology of the main events in the history of nature conservation in our country is given. Three main directions of development of the state system of protected areas are analyzed. It is concluded that the development of a geographical network of protected areas of the USSR and Russia is one of the most significant achievements of Russian science in the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the textbook «Norms, regulations and reduction of environmental pollution: textbook and practicum for universities» (A.P. Khaustov, M.M. Redina. 2022. Third edition, revised and enlarged. Moscow, Yurayt. 2022. 458 p.)","authors":"S. Buzmakov","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-78-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-78-79","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134387501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protected natural territories of the Perm region related to the manifestation of previously gypsum karst","authors":"O. Kadebskaya","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the existing and proposed protected natural areas of the Perm region associated with the manifestations of gypsum karst. Their characteristics are carried out. Today, in the Perm Territory, in areas with active manifestation of gypsum karst, there are 36 protected areas of regional and local significance.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129435729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}