Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature最新文献

{"title":"Methane and hydrogen sulfide in the bottom sediments of the estuaries of the Azov-Black sea basin","authors":"D. Gar’kusha, Y. Fedorov, R. Trubnik, N. Dotsenko","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-6-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-6-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer-autumn period of 2013–2018, studies were conducted on the distribution of methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (ΣH2S) in the estuaries of the Azov (Yeisky, Beisugsky, Sladky, Kurchansky and Akhtanizovsky) and Black (Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky and Bugazsky) seas characterized by different salinity. For the first time, to characterize the conjugate distribution of CH4 and ΣH2S in the bottom sediments of aquatic ecosystems, the \"methanization\" coefficient was used, which is the percentage of CH4 from the sum of concentrations (in mg/g) of reduced gases – ΣH2S and CH4. Concentrations of CH4 and ΣH2S in bottom sediments of desalinated estuaries with water salinity from 0,26 to 8,20% (Sladky, Akhtanizovsky and Kurchansky) vary from 0,01 to 114,34 μg/g of wet sediment and from <0,001 to 3,07 mg/g of wet sediment, respectively. Concentrations of CH4 and ΣH2S in sediments of saline estuaries with water salinity from 10,7 to 58% (Yeisky, Beisugsky, Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky and Bugazsky) vary from 0,01 to 1,44 micrograms/g and from 0,01 to 1,44 μg/g, respectively. The methanization coefficient in sediments of saline estuaries varies in the range from 0,002 to 1,38% and in 97% of the samples taken does not exceed 1%, which indicates a significant dominance of the sulfide formation process over the methanogenesis process. In the sediments of desalinated estuaries, the methanization coefficient increases markedly (up to 19,14%), while the proportion of sediments with a percentage of CH4 of more than 1% increases to 32%. The closeness of correlations between the studied reduced gases and hydrochemical parameters is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bog phytocenosis ecotopes parameters and peat deposit depths of the Beloe bog (Perm region, Russia)","authors":"I. Abdulmanova, E. A. Igosheva","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-48-64.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-48-64.","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that phytoindication of the nature and depth of peat deposits is possible only when, among other factors, the geographical and geomorphological position of the bog systems is taken into account. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between peat deposit thickness, phytocenosis composition and ecological parameters of plant habitats, using the example of the Beloe Bog located in the Sylvensko-Irenskaya lowland in the south-east of Perm Krai. Measure ments of the depth of the peat deposit were carried out using a peat probe, followed by the determination of the volumes of the peat bog in the GIS (ArcGIS (ESRI)). The diversity of peatland plant com-munities is described, their ecological-cenotic analysis and phytoindication analysis of ecotopes is carried out using Ellenberg and Landolt ecological scales using EcoScaleWin software. The results allow to update the stock data of geological exploration 1969. Ecological-cenotic and phytoindication analyzes revealed differences between pine-dwarf shrub-sphagnum and birch-menyanthes-sphagnum communities. A Spearman correlation coefficient demonstrated a relationship between peat deposit depths and the proportion of Water-Swamp ecological-cenotic group species in the communities, as well as with a number of ecological parameters of the ecotopes. The use of two different ecological scales revealed inconsistency between them. The article substantiates the chosen spatial tactics for measuring the peatland depth of a small irregularly shaped bog and also calculates the time required to measure the thickness of a conven-tional peat deposit of 1000 hectares. The relationship of this work to ongoing palaeoecological research in Perm Krai is highlighted. A comparison is made between the available data on the Beloe Bog and the results of phytoindication studies of the peatland thickness of Western Siberia known to the authors. The limitations and prospects of a series of similar studies in Perm Krai, which will reveal regional and zonal patterns in the spatial structure of bog communities and their relation to the thickness of peat deposits, are considered.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125563874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial vertebrates in the valleys of the Danilikha and Yegoshikha rivers in the city of Perm","authors":"Georgi A. Voronov, Denis S. Isakov, M. V. Zhukova","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-6-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-6-23","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of biodiversity of terrestrial vertebrate fauna in the valleys of the Danilikha and Yegoshikha rivers of the city of Perm. The recording was carried out during educational excursions and practices in zoology, biogeography and biogeocenology, with the usage of the scientific material on the previously rec-orded representatives of the fauna in the city of Perm. The recording of avifauna was carried out by the method of linear routes, the recording of small mammals was carried out using the installation of crushers and traps, other representatives of the fauna were recorded during visual examinations of the area. Based on the surveys carried out, the faunistic de-scription of the Danilikha and Yegoshikha river valleys and the ecological-faunistic groups of the avifauna of the river valleys were compiled. In the valley of the Danilikha River 4 species of amphibians, 1 species of reptiles, 17 species of mammals and 59 species of birds were recorded. In the Yegoshikha valley 4 species of amphibians, 5 species of rep-tiles, 25 species of mammals and 65 species of birds were recorded. The presence of species included in the Red List of the Perm region in the indicated territory was revealed. It has been established that the recorded rare species included in the Red List of the Perm region stay in river valleys during the period of annual migrations. The biodiversity of the studied territories is at a sufficiently high level, as a result of which it is recommended that the valleys of the Danilikha and Yegoshikha rivers be given the status of protected areas in order to preserve their biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122349219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems and prospects of involving waste from polymetallic and iron ore processing in biological conservation","authors":"V. Artamonova, S. Bortnikova, N.K. Chernyy","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-87-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-87-101","url":null,"abstract":"Ore enrichment waste is a fine material that poses a serious environmental problem. However, the high residual content of rare and precious metals, as well as valuable metalloids, determines the preservation of technogenic formations as secondary mineral raw materials. This dictates the search for environmentally safe conservation of waste before its subsequent development. This report focuses on reducing the phytotoxicity of waste and the use of bioagumentation - the introduction of exogenous plant matter and azotobacteria into the root layer, which contributes to the optimization of the mineral nutrition of phytoconservants. The article examines the physical and chemical parameters of polymetallic ore dressing waste before and after chemical reclamation, provides information on changes in the composition of watersoluble forms of metal elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni), a decrease in the anionic content of the sulfate ion, and the appearance of hydrocarbonates. It is experimentally established that after chemical reclamation of spent slags, their viability for seedlings of oats and white mustard increases. After reclamation, there is an increase in their morphometric indicators. Mustard reacts especially positively to the decrease in acidity and mobility of metals. The dry weight of its seedlings increases-by almost 30% compared to the control. When mustard seeds are inoculated with a suspension of a live culture of the bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum, its roots elongate and their weight increases. It is shown that the growth of mustard roots is also activated on iron ore processing waste that is subject to forest reclamation. But in such conditions, vital azotobacteria exhibit a glow, especially intense in small sand fractions. Chemolumi-nescent reactions ensure the survival of azotobacteria in the development of free radical reactions caused by the residual content of magnetic iron and lignin in the habitat. The revealed features of the growth of oat and mustard seedlings, as well as azotobacteria on ore dressing waste, should be taken into account when developing technologies to increase the biogenicity of the waste surface in vivo, to argue for the use of bioagumentation in creating technologies for environmentally safe waste conservation without involving the fertile soil layer - an irreplaceable natural resource.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127355483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: emission and absorption of greenhouse gases by soils. Ecological problems","authors":"Y. Fedorov, V. Sukhorukov, R. Trubnik","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-6-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-6-34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Soils are a source and sink of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since the volumes of concentration and flux can be large, accurate quantitative estimates are needed to obtain the data on global GHG fluxes required for forecasting global changes and climate studies. This review shows the role of soils as one of the important sources and regulators of the content of CH4, CO2, N2O in the troposphere, and also presents the main methods for monitoring greenhouse gases. The influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the emission and absorption of CH4, CO2, N2O by the soil cover has been analyzed. Original diagrams are presented showing the global fluxes of CH4, CO2, N2O by various ecosystems, including the pedosphere. The estimation of methane emission and distribution of its content in the main types of soils of the Rostov region is carried out. The mechanisms of CH4, CO2, N2O generation in soils and their possible influence on the calcium-carbonate balance, which plays an important role in the regulation of biogeochemical processes in the pedosphere, are considered. The performed analysis and generalization of research data on various types of soils makes it possible to shed light not only on their contribution to the global methane emission, but also to approach the understanding of processes and parameters that are important from the point of view of agrochemistry, such as, in fact, carbonate-calcium equilibrium and redox potential in modern soils. An inventory of sources and an assessment of the inter-reservoir gas mass transfer in the pedosphere - atmosphere system allows one to start developing a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that will help curb the rate of global climate change.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129016344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological aspects of soil reclamation on overburden dumps in coal mining areas","authors":"V. Artamonova, S. Bortnikova","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-48-57","url":null,"abstract":"Biologically productive soils are a non-renewable natural resource. It has been formed for hundreds of years under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors of soil formation. Open-pit coal mining is accompanied by soil destruction, the involvement of man-made waste in the processes of hypergenesis and pedogenesis, including accelerated soil formation. This review focuses on the current state of the problem of ecology of biological reclamation of disturbed lands, special attention is paid to the creation of artificially created pedons on the surface of technogenic bodies, in the profile of which the humus or organogenic horizon is located on technogenic eluvium. It performs at the initial stages of soil formation the function of the underlying rock, and not the parent (soil-forming). Its characteristic feature is the presence of heavy, rare-earth, radioactive metals and metalloids, the supplier of which are minerals of the main overburden and host rocks of coal deposits (siltstones, mudstones, sandstones). In this regard, it is advisable to include artificially created soil-like formations in which there is a fertile layer introduced from the outside to improve the root nutrition of plants, monitoring their ecological and toxicological status, taking into account the gross content of heavy metals around the roots, in terrestrial biomass and biological activity. The review presents modern views on biogenicity and its role in the formation of soil fertility. The necessity of developing a strategy for a comprehensive study of the ecology of soil reclamation in the conditions of technogenesis is emphasized, which is important for the formation of high-quality reclamation services.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116624282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton in lake Khedo used for cages trout","authors":"S. Komulaynen, J. Slastina","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-36-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-36-47","url":null,"abstract":"Data are reported about the formation of phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton communities in Lake Khedo (Karelia republic, White Sea catchment) under the effect of effluent discharges from a trout farm. The purpose of this paper is to assess how informative phytoperiphyton structural parameters are, and to assess the feasibility of using them for biological monitoring of river quality. The influence of anthropogenic impacts on periphyton communities was analyzed in terms of species richness, species diversity, species ecology values, biomass and chlorophyll concentration. At present, effluents discharged into the lake from the trout farm cause no profound transformations in the structure of aquatic organism communities. The results of the chemical analysis of water indicate a low level of anthropogenic influence. Although a slight increase in the concentration of suspended matter and heavy metals in the water near the cages was recorded. The structure of algae communities is due primarily to specific hydrographic location and hydrological characteristics of lake. The composition and ratio of most common species of algae communities in the lake is typical for cold-water, oligotrophic reservoirs of the boreal and subarctic zones, with low mineralization, not experiencing a significant anthropogenic load. The biotic indices and hydrochemical indicators indicated mainly a low degree of pollution, so the lake waters could be classified as belonging to water purity class II. Relatively high values of the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton, in the Lake Khedo comparing to the average values for the studied region make it possible to conclude on the favorable conditions in the lake and on the stability of communities.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122241322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the pyrogenic pollution of the soil-plant system on the base of geochemical markers for a local model of transport pressure","authors":"A. Khaustov, M. Redina","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-65-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-65-86","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of informative indicators for local estimates of the transport pressure on urban soil-plant systems is a serious problem of preserving green spaces. The spatial variations of the characteristics of the flows of marker compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) acting as geochemical markers), the integral characteristics of the toxicity of soil pollutants, roots and aerial parts of plants TEQ, as well as the values of indicator ratios based on the concentrations of PAHs in the media are considered. The object of local research is the RUDN University campus (Moscow, Russia) with an adjacent forest park area. The territory is located in the zone of influence of heavy traffic flows and is experiencing an intense load from emissions. The state of the territory is monitored at 33 points according to a unique monitoring program. Pollution indicators showed different informativeness for constructing transport pressure models. Various modes of pollution in 3 functional zones of the territory are revealed; the zones of influence of the main sources of pollution are justified. The indicator ratios confirmed the leading source of pollution –pyrogenic emissions of transport, but they are to varying degrees sensitive to the activity of local pollution sources. Priority routes of PAH intake and accumulation in the components of the soil and plant system were identified. For the first time, a correlation between a number of ratios and indicators of polyarene contamination toxicity (TEQ) was established.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126284875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specificity and opportunities of transboundary regional protected natural area on the example of the Moscow region","authors":"N. Kadetov, E. Suslova","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-31-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-31-35","url":null,"abstract":"The territories located near the administrative boundaries of the subjects of the federation are often relatively intact and are of interest in conservation terms. This is largely due to their poor availability, due to which communities with a significant concentration of rare and protected species are found here. Often, regional protected natural areas are confined to such border territories. A number of examples of the functioning of protected areas of various status and categories near the borders of the Moscow region and the possibility of creating adjacent protected areas of various dimensions and categories in neighboring subjects of the federation are considered.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131871233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of environmental approaches into the design of the architectural and ethnographic museum's operations","authors":"Y. Glazyrina","doi":"10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-56-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2020-6-56-60","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents some results on еру environmental strategic approach for the development of the Khokhlovka Architectural and Ethnographic Museum (a branch of the Perm Regional Museum), which is located on an area of 35 hectares, 40 km from Perm. The museum's territory has no nature reserved status, but is included in the group of objects of regional cultural heritage. Since 2010, the museum has been gradually implementing its environmental strategy, which began with the development of an excursion aimed at the museum landscape and ecosystems. Over the past ten years, activity guides on traditional nature management and natural features of the area were published for family audiences, as well as open-air environmental exhibition have been installed as a site specific. At least, an original concept of the slow «EcoPicnic» festival dedicated to nature observation and introduction to eco-technologies of the past and future has been created.","PeriodicalId":286257,"journal":{"name":"Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126460373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}