Development of geoinformation systems for environmental management and environmental safety in the areas of exploited oil deposits

Abstract

The state of environmental protection of natural environment from negative processes has become an integral part of sustainable mining. The analytical review shows the ways of geoinformation system’s preparing a to ensure environmental safety during oil mining process on protected areas. Obtainment information for geoinformation database is based on technologies of aerial remote sensing, experimental modeling of biotic reactions to the impact of technogenic factors by biotesting methods. The geoinformation system should perform observations, assessments, search and regulatory forecasts, based on digital technologies, and develop individual measures for the preservation and restoration of the natural environment. Environmental stresses are usually caused by halogenesis, bitumization, air pollution and mechanogenesis. The use of geoinformation systems to collect information about the state of the natural environment is an essential feature of sustainable mining. Multispectral and panchromatic aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicle has been successfully used to assess pollution, land degradation, and the effectiveness of land restoration. It is important to develop an unmanned aerial sensing technique for areas, where oil fields and protected are located. Biotesting of the consequences of technogenic transformation of ecosystem components is significantly related to the choice of optimal test objects for conducting experiments. Soil contamination with oil and its processed products affects the condition of all components: plants, microorganisms. It is advisable to develop a methodology for determining the patterns and levels of impact of residual oil and technogenic brines on local natural objects, local soil and water ecosystems based on the results of biotesting. Development of regulations for standard measures for remediation of ecosystems at different levels of pollution, during bitumization, halogenesis of land and water objects. The review shows that there are technological possibilities for creating GIS for monitoring the quality of the natural environment and environmental safety in the areas of oil fields. Digital maps of soils, watersheds, natural and technical systems, the development of technogenic processes and measures to restore the natural environment, allow to provide spatial modeling of natural and technogenic processes. Environmental quality management during oil mining process remains an important goal of geoecological researches.