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Adsorption of toxic gases by metal-organic frameworks 金属有机骨架对有毒气体的吸附
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v10i1.55272
D. Adhikari, R. Karki, K. Adhikari, N. Pantha
{"title":"Adsorption of toxic gases by metal-organic frameworks","authors":"D. Adhikari, R. Karki, K. Adhikari, N. Pantha","doi":"10.3126/hp.v10i1.55272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v10i1.55272","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Along with global economic development and population growth, the discharge of highly toxic and corrosive anthropogenic byproducts into the atmosphere or aquatic habitats creates a serious threat to human health. In order to remove such byproducts, more attention should be paid to innovative materials with high uptake capacity and performance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline, porous, hybrid materials that are made up of organic ligands as linkers and metal cluster-based nodes. Because of their beneficial features such as their large surface area, tailorable pore sizes, structural diversity, catalytic activity, and wide range of chemical and physical properties, MOFs offer significant potential as adsorbents. As a result, these materials have drawn a significant amount of attention for the capture and/or detoxification of hazardous and toxic chemicals. This review will focus on recent advancements on MOF based experimental and computational studies related to the capture of toxic gases including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) sulfur dioxide (SO2) carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125820533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of Affecting Factors of Meteorological Parameters on Solar Radiation on Pokhara 气象参数对博克拉太阳辐射的影响因素研究
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40154
P. M. Shrestha, Jeevan Regmi, U. Joshi, K. Poudyal, N. Chapagain, I. B. Karki
{"title":"Study of Affecting Factors of Meteorological Parameters on Solar Radiation on Pokhara","authors":"P. M. Shrestha, Jeevan Regmi, U. Joshi, K. Poudyal, N. Chapagain, I. B. Karki","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40154","url":null,"abstract":"Solar radiation data are of great significance for solar energy systems. This study aimed to estimate monthly and seasonal average of daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface in Pokhara (Lat.:28.21o N, Long.: 84o E and alt. 827 m above sea level), Nepal, by using CMP6 pyranometer in 2015. As a result of this measurement, monthly and yearly mean solar radiation values were 20.37 ±5.62 MJ/m2/ day in May, 11.37 ± 2.38 MJ/m2/ day in December and 16.82 ±5.24 MJ/m2/ day respectively. Annual average of clearness index and extinction coefficient are 0.51±0.14 and 0.53±0.31 respectively. There is positive correlation of maximum temperature and negative correlation of with global solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131077234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Geodynamics of Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.9) and its aftershocks 廓尔喀7.9级地震及其余震的地球动力学
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40208
R. K. Tiwari, H. Paudyal
{"title":"Geodynamics of Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.9) and its aftershocks","authors":"R. K. Tiwari, H. Paudyal","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40208","url":null,"abstract":"A devastating earthquake (Mw 7.9) occurred in Gorkha region on 25 April 2015 caused loss of 8964 human lives and huge property in Central Nepal and adjoining region. Sequence of aftershocks, including four having magnitude greater than 6 occurred within 18 days, confined in a distance of about 150 km from Gorkha to Dolakha. Main shock and its aftershocks series confined in a depth range of 12 to 21 km. In this study, using 11 CMT solutions of earthquakes with magnitude 5 and above, occurred between 2014.12.18 and 2016.11.27 within 84o to 87o E and 27o to 29o N, we analyze faulting pattern of the Gorkha earthquake and associated large aftershocks to reveal recent geodynamics pattern in the central Himalayan region. Nodal planes of mainshock and four large aftershocks have east west orientation and shallow dip (6o to 23o) towards north, exhibit strong thrust mechanism. Smaller aftershocks scattered within 150 km long rupture zone along NW to SE direction show similar mechanism with large thrust component. Collective dips of nodal plane of ten events indicate northward under thrusting of the Indian plate at shallow angle, though the nodal plane of individual event differ slightly in their orientation. The cross-sectional study of focal mechanism shows the clustering of the seismic events at different depth with diverse faulting pattern. It is inferred that recent seismic activity in central Nepal region is dominated by thrust faulting and the mechanism which were responsible for the formation of Himalaya are still continuing.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124212713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First-principles study of C cites vacancy defects in water adsorbed Graphene 石墨烯中C - cite空位缺陷的第一性原理研究
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40150
H. K. Neupane, N. Adhikari
{"title":"First-principles study of C cites vacancy defects in water adsorbed Graphene","authors":"H. K. Neupane, N. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40150","url":null,"abstract":" The electronic and magnetic properties of water adsorbed graphene (wad – G), single carbon (1C) atom vacancy defects in water adsorbed graphene (1Catom-vacancy – wad – G) and double carbon (2C) atoms vacancy defects in water adsorbed graphene (2Catom-vacancy – wad – G) materials are studied by first-principles calculations within the frame work of density functional theory (DFT) using computational tool Quantum ESPRESSO (QE) code. We have calculated the binding energy of wad – G, 1Catom-vacancy – wad – G and 2Catom-vacancy – wad – G materials, and then found that non-defects geometry is more compact than vacancy defects geometries. From band structure calculations, we found that wad – G is zero band gap semiconductor, but 1Catom-vacancy – wad – G and, 2Catom-vacancy – wad – G materials have metallic properties. Hence, zero band gap semiconductor changes to metallic nature due to C sites vacancy defects in its structures. We have investigated the magnetic properties of wad – G and its C sites vacancy defects materials by using Density of States (DOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS) calculations. We found that wad – G is non- magnetic material. 1C atom vacancy defects in graphene surface of wad – G is induced magnetization by the re-bonding of two dangling bonds and acquiring significant magnetic moment (0.11 µB/ cell) through remaining unsaturated dangling bond. But, 2C atoms vacancy defects in graphene surface of wad – G induced low value of magnetic moment (+0.03 µB/ cell) than 1C atom vacancy defects in structure, which is due to no dangling bonds present in the structure. Therefore, non-magnetic, wad – G changes to magnetic, 1Catom-vacancy – wad – G and, 2Catom-vacancy – wad – G materials due to C sites vacancy defects in wad – G structure. The 2p orbital of carbon atoms has main contribution of magnetic moment in defects structures.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calculation of energy loss of proton beam on thyroid tumor 甲状腺肿瘤上质子束能量损失的计算
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40199
K. Giri, B. Paudel, B. Gautam
{"title":"Calculation of energy loss of proton beam on thyroid tumor","authors":"K. Giri, B. Paudel, B. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40199","url":null,"abstract":"Proton beam therapy is an emerging technique in radiotherapy. The Bragg peak of a proton enables it to lose most of its energy to the targeted tissue like tumor cells, with less impact of healthy tissues and organs. This property of a proton beam makes it ideal for clinical applications. When organ safekeeping is our priority then proton beam therapy is the most effective tool to damage nearby affected tissues. For efficient treatment planning in thyroid tumor, the maximal energy loss of proton beam in its tissues must be exactly calculated. The method of computer simulation is employed for the calculation of energy loss by energized proton beam irradiation on thyroid tumor at a depth of 22 mm. The stopping power and range data agrees with standard reference data. Of the 50 MeV energy of proton beam, the most of the energy is absorbed on various layers viz. skin, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and thyroid which are approximately 1.5 MeV, 5.3 MeV, 10.5 MeV and 33.5 MeV respectively. In total 99.96% of energy of proton beam is absorbed by the targeted tissues.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129168214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Study of Dust Properties of two Far Infrared Cavities near by Asymptotic Giant Branch stars under Infrared Astronomical Satellite Maps 红外天文卫星图下渐近巨星支星附近两个远红外空腔尘埃特性的研究
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40193
M. Tiwari, S. P. Gautam, A. Silwal, S. Subedi, A. Paudel, A. K. Jha
{"title":"Study of Dust Properties of two Far Infrared Cavities near by Asymptotic Giant Branch stars under Infrared Astronomical Satellite Maps","authors":"M. Tiwari, S. P. Gautam, A. Silwal, S. Subedi, A. Paudel, A. K. Jha","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40193","url":null,"abstract":"The physical properties such as dust color temperature, dust mass, visual extinction, and Planck function with their distribution in the core region of two far-infrared cavities, namely FIC16-37 (size ~ 4.79 pc x 3.06 pc) located at R.A. (J2000): 16h 33m 57.25s & Dec. (J2000): -37d 47m 04.3s, and FIC12-58 (size ~ 22.54 pc x 14.84 pc) located at R.A. (J2000): 12h 52m 50.08s & Dec. (J2000): -58d 08m 55.02s, found within a galactic plane -10o  to +10o  nearby Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars namely AGB15-38 (R.A. (J2000): 15h 37m 40.74s & Dec. (J2000): -38d 20m 24.6s), and AGB12-57 (R.A (J2000): 12h 56m 38.50s & Dec. (J2000): -57d 54m 34.70s), respectively were studied using Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) survey. The dust color temperature was found to lie in the range of 23.95 ± 0.25 K to 23.44 ± 0.27 K with an offset about 0.5 K for FIC16-37, and 24.88 ± 0.27 K to 23.63 ± 0.98 K with an offset about 1 K for FIC12-58. The low offset in the dust color temperature indicated the symmetric distribution of density and temperature. The total mass of the cavities FIC16-37 and FIC12-58 were found to be 0.053 M☉ and 0.78 M☉, respectively. The contour plots of mass distribution of both of the cavities was found to follow the cosmological principle, suggesting the homogeneous and isotropic distribution of dust masses. The plot between temperature and visual extinction showed a negative correlation, suggesting that higher temperature has lower visual extinction and vice-versa. The distribution of Planck function along major and minor diameters of both of the cavities was found to be non-uniform, indicating oscillation of dust particles to get dynamical equilibrium. It further suggested the role of pressure-driven events nearby both cavities and suggested that dust particles are not in thermal equilibrium along the diameters.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
An Experimental Study on Irradiated Interface of Silicon 硅辐照界面的实验研究
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40171
Min Raj Lamsal
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Irradiated Interface of Silicon","authors":"Min Raj Lamsal","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40171","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) studies of Mega electron-volt (MeV) ions irradiated silicon surface morphology has been studied to a fluence of 5 x 108 ions/cm2. Interesting features of cracks of 50 nm in depth and 100 nm in width have been observed on the irradiated surface. The features seemed to have been caused by the irradiation-induced stress in the irradiated regions of the target surface. The observed feature of crack seems to be mainly due to the high electronic energy loss of the irradiated ions on the surface that induces the stress in it. It confirms that the coarseness of the microstructure of a material directly affect the mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127828030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diffusion of fructose in water: a molecular dynamics study 果糖在水中的扩散:分子动力学研究
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40153
Santosh Bhusal, N. Pantha
{"title":"Diffusion of fructose in water: a molecular dynamics study","authors":"Santosh Bhusal, N. Pantha","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40153","url":null,"abstract":"Present work carries the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the self-diffusion coefficients of fructose (C6H12O6) and SPC/E (Extended Simple Point Charge) water (H2O) along with their binary diffusion coefficients at different temperature (298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 312.15 K). A dilute solution of 3 molecules of fructose (solute, mole fraction 0.0018) and 1624 molecules of water (solvent, mole fraction 0.9982) has been taken for making it relevant to the previously reported experiment. The structural analysis of the mixture has been estimated by using the radial distribution function (RDF) of its constituents. Mean square displacement (MSD) and Einstein’s relation have been used to find the self-diffusion coefficients of both the solute and solvent. Furthermore, Darken’s relation finds the binary diffusion coefficients. The temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients follows the Arrhenius behavior which further calculates activation energy of diffusion. The results from the present work agree well with the previously reported experimental values.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115292406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Density Functional Theory Study on Paracetamol-Oxalic Acid Co-Crystal 对乙酰氨基酚-草酸共晶的密度泛函理论研究
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40146
Punya Paudel, K. Adhikari, K. Adhikari
{"title":"A Density Functional Theory Study on Paracetamol-Oxalic Acid Co-Crystal","authors":"Punya Paudel, K. Adhikari, K. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40146","url":null,"abstract":"Paracetamol (PCA) has two well-known polymorphic forms, monoclinic (form I) and orthorhombic (form II). The parallel packing of flat hydrogen bonded layers in the metastable form II results in compaction properties superior to the thermodynamic stable form I which contains corrugated hydrogen bonded layers of molecules. In this study, the structure of Paracetamol (PCA)-Oxalic acid (OXA) co-crystal has been analyzed and found layered structure similar to PCA form II which enhance ability to form tablet. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been conducted to find some physicochemical properties of co-crystal. It was observed that the lattice energy of co-crystal is more than that of PCA form II showing more stability on co-crystal. The energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO gap) in co-crystal was found less than PCA form II showing bigger enhancement of reactivity.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131933621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as efficient carrier for targeted nanodrug delivery 金属有机骨架作为靶向递送纳米药物的有效载体
Himalayan Physics Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hp.v9i01.40075
R. Karki, D. Adhikari, K. Adhikari, N. Pantha
{"title":"Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as efficient carrier for targeted nanodrug delivery","authors":"R. Karki, D. Adhikari, K. Adhikari, N. Pantha","doi":"10.3126/hp.v9i01.40075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hp.v9i01.40075","url":null,"abstract":"A controllable and targeted drug delivery system development is imperative and important to reduce side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging type of hybrid porous materials synthesized from metal ions or clusters abridged by organic linkers. They have attracted increasing attention in the recent years owing to the unique physical structures possessed, and the potential for wide range of applications. The superior properties of MOFs, such as well-defined pore aperture, tailorable composition and structure, tunable size, versatile functionality, high agent loading, and improved biocompatibility, have made them promising candidates as drug delivery hosts. MOFs for drug encapsulation and delivery is of great interest and many very promising results have been found, indicating that these porous solids exhibit several advantages over existing systems. This review highlights the recent advances in the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of MOFs in nanodrug delivery, and has classified them using drug loading strategies.","PeriodicalId":285487,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130653471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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