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2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers最新文献

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Open-circuited CT misoperation and investigation 开路CT误操作及调查
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799015
D. Costello
{"title":"Open-circuited CT misoperation and investigation","authors":"D. Costello","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799015","url":null,"abstract":"A wire crimping error caused a current transformer (CT) to become open-circuited under load, a relay to operate, and an industrial plant outage. The wiring error was corrected, and the relay, internally damaged by severe overvoltage, was put back into service. Root cause analysis predicted and exposed the damage and led to corrective actions. This paper revisits the IEEE dielectric strength standard, safe design and work procedures regarding CTs, and what happens when a CT is open-circuited under load. The case study emphasizes the critical importance of commissioning tests and root cause analysis to power system reliability.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
CenterPoint Energy 12 kV network feeder ‘back feed’ protective relaying 中心点能源12千伏网络馈线“反馈”保护继电器
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799001
D. Sevcik
{"title":"CenterPoint Energy 12 kV network feeder ‘back feed’ protective relaying","authors":"D. Sevcik","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799001","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006 CenterPoint Energy experienced a substation 12 kV switchgear circuit breaker failure/fault. The substation protective relaying isolated the failed/faulted circuit breaker. However the 12 kV switchgear circuit breaker that failed was connected to a feeder that supplied a 480 V spot network system. The network protectors did not all operate in a timely manner and the resultant feeder `back feed' into the substation 12 kV switchgear circuit breaker fault caused significant damage to the switchgear and 12 kV bus inside of the switchgear building. This paper reviews the sequence of events and resulting damage, investigation into the cause of the events, corrective actions including the implementation of a new substation based `back feed' protective relaying scheme. This paper also reviews a 2012 fault in the 12 kV switchgear and performance of the new substation based `back feed' protective relaying scheme. The paper concludes with a discussion of the background and equipment design, including protective relaying, of a project that is present under construction to replace the substation 12 kV conventional switchgear with GIS switchgear.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116332859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Series-compensated line protection challenges in the CREZ region 系列补偿线路保护在CREZ地区的挑战
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799035
Genardo T. Corpuz, K. Koellner, Jordan Bell, S. Rajan, A. Somani, M. Thompson
{"title":"Series-compensated line protection challenges in the CREZ region","authors":"Genardo T. Corpuz, K. Koellner, Jordan Bell, S. Rajan, A. Somani, M. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799035","url":null,"abstract":"While series compensation of transmission lines is not new technology, it is becoming more prevalent due to significant changes in the way grids are being operated. Compensating lines makes better use of transmission line investments and available right of way. However, series capacitors create many challenges for protection engineers. These challenges are mitigated using modern protective relays, robust telecommunications channels, and advanced transient simulation tools to validate protection systems. The Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) in the United States is protecting a series-compensated line on their transmission grid for the first time as part of the Competitive Renewable Energy Zone (CREZ). This paper discusses experiences in designing, setting, and validating the new protection system.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Conventional testing in times of IEC61850 符合IEC61850标准的常规测试
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799031
R. Eick, J. Jenkner, Benno Hornischer, Frank Hergeroeder
{"title":"Conventional testing in times of IEC61850","authors":"R. Eick, J. Jenkner, Benno Hornischer, Frank Hergeroeder","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799031","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of IEC61850 standardization, increasingly more power utilities adopt a standardized environment with modern Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in their substations. As a consequence, conventional test procedures face a future of uncertainty, and established testing routines are called into question. The functionalities and new protection system arrangements of IEDs cause changes in maintenance routines which imply re-thinking of protective panel design. The authors identify existing requirements and how they influence panel design and evaluate to what degree new technologies affect the use of traditional test interfaces for relay testing.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129363433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application considerations when protecting lines with tapped and in-line transformers 保护带抽头变压器和直列变压器线路时的应用考虑
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6798996
Rohan Perera, B. Kasztenny
{"title":"Application considerations when protecting lines with tapped and in-line transformers","authors":"Rohan Perera, B. Kasztenny","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6798996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6798996","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission power lines can feed distribution networks or either serve loads or interconnect generation directly via tapped transformers. In some utilities, as many as three to five taps may be used on some lines. As a part of the bulk electric system, tapped transmission lines must be protected with instantaneous fault-clearing times and proper selectivity and sensitivity. This paper reviews various approaches to protecting tapped lines, including pilot protection schemes with distance and zero- and negative-sequence directional elements, time-overcurrent elements, line current differential schemes, and stepped distance backup. In addition, this paper discusses protection applications for in-line transformers where a transmission line terminates on a transformer and a single protection zone includes both the line and the transformer.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117099714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Line current differential: Communication channel considerations 线路电流差:通信通道的考虑
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799023
G. Antonova, Jack Chang, Russ Forrester, Jennifer Shore, Paulina Stroemich
{"title":"Line current differential: Communication channel considerations","authors":"G. Antonova, Jack Chang, Russ Forrester, Jennifer Shore, Paulina Stroemich","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper briefly describes line current differential schemes, and focuses on their dependencies on communication channels. Dependencies on bit error rate and transmission latency are discussed. Effect of time synchronization accuracy on sensitivity of line current differential scheme is explained in details. Types of communication channels are discussed including dedicated, multiplexed and packet-based. Special attention is given to dedicated channel whose meaning has evolved with development of communication technologies from dedicated physical connection to dedicated bandwidth, etc. Examples of common and evolving communication technologies used for line current differential schemes are given, including the IEEE C37.94 N x 64Kbit/s and Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS). Known challenges with adoption of these technologies are also provided.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131968498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Why testing digital relays are becoming so difficult! Part 1 为什么测试数字继电器变得如此困难!第1部分
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799029
B. Vandiver
{"title":"Why testing digital relays are becoming so difficult! Part 1","authors":"B. Vandiver","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies some of the developing issues in testing what has here to fore been well understood protection elements we commonly used in designing modern protection systems. The core issue is the complexity of the combined protection element scheme logic that enables these “understood” protection elements to function more securely and reliably - but also prevent us from using legacy testing techniques like “constant test current” or “step change/state sequencing” to verify the set characteristic. Additionally, it makes a comparison of the commonly used test methods (constant current/constant voltage) focusing on common distance elements of Mho's and Quad's and how these now fall short in properly generating what the relay expects of a power system fault simulation. It identifies why these methods fall short, under what conditions they can and should be used and which lesser known test method should now be used to properly test all aspects of these distance characteristics.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134429087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Developments in fast load shedding 快速减载技术的发展
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799042
C. Wester, Terrence Smith, Jacobus Theron, D. McGinn
{"title":"Developments in fast load shedding","authors":"C. Wester, Terrence Smith, Jacobus Theron, D. McGinn","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a smart load shedding scheme that monitors plant loads, plant generation and generation/utility supply reserve to select the minimum number and lowest priority loads for shedding. The paper first gives an overview of industrial power system dynamics undergoing loss of supply contingencies and existing load shed practices, such as undervoltage, underfrequency, frequency rate of change or contingency based load shedding. It will examine the impact of speed of load shedding on stability. The paper goes on to describe a load shed system that continuously calculates the generation reserve available and shed-able load available in real time by acquiring analog power measurements from generators and utility supplies through IEC61850 GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) messaging. This fast load shed scheme uses the reliability and redundancy of modern Ethernet networks and has simplicity compared to traditional systems. Application solutions are presented and analyzed that handle the required data acquisition using communications and protection devices typically present at an industrial facility, along with means to disseminate load shedding commands with sub-cycle speed to thousands of shed-able loads. Actual performance results from such a load shed system are presented.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133660505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protection and control system upgrade based on IEC- 61850 and PRP 基于IEC- 61850和PRP的保护和控制系统升级
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799024
Jack Chang, B. Vincent, Mike B. Reynen
{"title":"Protection and control system upgrade based on IEC- 61850 and PRP","authors":"Jack Chang, B. Vincent, Mike B. Reynen","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6799024","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade IEC 61850 has gained in popularity in various utilities across the globe for its promise of interoperability, scalability, maintainability and wire reduction. However the application and acceptance of this standard is still in its infancy in the province of Alberta, Canada. This paper presents a case study of one of the first protection system upgrade projects applying the IEC 61850 standard in the province. The focus of this paper is not to discuss the theoretical background of the standard itself. Rather, the purpose is to share and demonstrate the engineering steps taken and lessons learned to successfully implement a fully functional protection and control system based around IEC 61850. The complete system developed for this project includes the following elements: 1) 138/25kV distribution substation consisting of two power transformers and ten feeders. 2) Integration of 17 IEC 61850 compliant intelligent electronic devices (IED) to perform both protection and control (P&C) functions. 3) Substation local area network (LAN) using optical fiber for inter-panel communication and applying the parallel redundancy protocol (PRP) to achieve complete communication redundancy. ) New human-machine interface (HMIs) combining supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and data gateway functionality within the real-time process database of the substation hardened computer. The paper begins with a high-level overview of the substation configuration and its P&C requirements. System protection and apparatus control philosophies using the IED and HMI/gateway are described. The applications and steps adopted to engineer inter-IED communication via generic object oriented substation events (GOOSE) are discussed in details. Next, the benefits of factory acceptance testing and the scope of site commissioning taken to verify the correct operation of the system are described. The paper concludes with a lessons learned section comparing this project with the traditional implementation.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132591291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
End to End testing - What should you know? 端到端测试——你应该知道些什么?
2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2014.6798999
A. Apostolov, B. Vandiver
{"title":"End to End testing - What should you know?","authors":"A. Apostolov, B. Vandiver","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2014.6798999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2014.6798999","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the increasing interest in performing End to End testing on modern protection systems. There are many and varied approaches to this test method, from simplistic to overly complex. What is really required and what really makes this test method valuable? What are the technical challenges and how to resolve them? These and other questions are answered. This paper makes a comparison of the test tools/approaches that are commonly used. It discusses the payback levels of investing in proper preperation and the information required for each type of test method. It presents real case studies of various techniques used on Step Distance / POTT / Current Differential and issues associated with time sync that can make or break the test.","PeriodicalId":285252,"journal":{"name":"2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"26 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127649063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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