American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Horticultural Crops Production and Quality: A Review","authors":"Alemnew Muchie, Fikirte Assefa","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20210906.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210906.12","url":null,"abstract":": Climate change decreases the global agriculture production and also affects production of Horticulture crops. Horticultural crops are highly perishable and very sensitive to unpredictable climate change. Abiotic stress includes temperature, drought, flooding, outbreak of insect increase and Carbon dioxide concentration. During recent years many research showed impact of climate change on horticultural Crops production and quality. It was found that temperature leading apple flowering subsequently fruit setting qualitatively as well as quantitatively, increase of sun burn, and cracking in apple which marked decrease the fruit quality, lower tomato yield, in orange and mandarin poor quality, fruit drop, lose great ratio of total yield, in Cashew drying of flower resulting in yield reduction, in potato hinder the growth of root and stolon, delays the formation of tubers and starch accumulation, eventually lead to decrease yield. Drought stress cause in apple tree transpiration rate and photosynthesis rate reduce by the decrease stomata conductance. Flooding in China 47.5% of vegetable production damaged onion 30-40% yield loss and In India Kerela 25,138 production of spice loss. A major economical pest Tomato leaf minor (TLM) of both out door and greenhouse tomato causes yield loss about 80-100% under heavy infestation, changes color and fall tomato from stem and also out break infestation of sucking insects in banana. Carbon dioxide enrichment is impact on growth flower of greenhouse environment and also on coffee been quality but negative impact when the concentration is high. In the present review, impact of climate change on horticultural crops production and quality has been summarized.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Spatial Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Model Integration with GIS and RS Tools: The Case of Gilgel Gibe-I Catchment, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Gemeda Wedajo, F. Fufa, Abebayehu Aticho Mentsiro","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20221001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20221001.12","url":null,"abstract":": Water-induced soil erosion is one of the serious environmental, agricultural, and socioeconomic problems in Ethiopian highlands. Accurate information on the rates of soil erosion helps environment protection and socio-economic development efforts of the nation. The objective of this research was to estimate annual soil loss, sediment yield","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124082650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosome Study of Ethiopian Bat Species (Order Chiroptera)","authors":"Bekele Serbessa Tolera, Mulugeta Tafere Woldegebriel, Kifle Dagne Woldegebriel","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20210904.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210904.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114696121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum </i>L.) Varieties as Influenced by Combined Application of Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate","authors":"Negessa Gadisa, Tesfaye Wakgari","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20210906.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210906.14","url":null,"abstract":": Crop management strategies that improve nitrogen use efficiency and increase profits while reducing the detrimental effects on the environment due to loss of nitrogen fertilizer. A study was conducted in 2019 cropping season to evaluate effectiveness of vermicompost, N fertilizer and their combinations in improving nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency at Holeta Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was designed in a split-split-plot combination with wheat varieties (Wane and Danda’a) as main plots, four vermicompost rates (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 t ha -1 ) as sub-plot and four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg N ha -1 ) as sub-sub plot with three replications. Synergistic nutrient interaction effect sourced from vermicompost and urea fertilizer brought positive influence on wheat nitrogen uptake and use efficiency. The highest (154.33 kgha -1 ) total nitrogen uptake was obtained from combined application of Wane variety together with 5 t ha -1 vermicompost and 46 kgha -1 of nitrogen fertilizer while the lowest value (33.21kgha -1 ) was obtained from control plot. Maximum grain nitrogen use efficiency (93.45 kg kg -1 ) was recorded from plot that received Wane variety with 23 kg N ha -1 and the value decreased as vermicompost and N fertilizer level increased while the lowest (29.63 kg kg -1 ) value was obtained when Danda’a variety used with vermicompost at 7.5t ha -1 and 69 kg ha -1 nitrogen fertilizer. Similarly, the highest nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency (111.42%) and agronomic efficiency (42.59 kg kg -1 ) were observed in treatment that received Wane variety with combined application of vermicompost at 5 t ha -1 and nitrogen at 46 kg ha -1 while the lowest value was respectively obtained from Danda’a variety with nitrogen at 69 kg ha -1 and Danda’a variety with vermicompost at 2.5t ha -1 . The maximum (72.64%) N harvest index was recorded from variety Wane when applied with combination of vermicompost at 2.5t V ha -1 and nitrogen at 46kgha -1 , but the minimum (61.98%) value was recorded from application of vermicompost at 7.5tha -1 . Therefore, integrated use of variety, vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer is found to be better in enhancing nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and reducing environment problems.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127738081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aloshar (Calotropic percera) Extract on House Flies (Musca domestica) Under Situation of Zalingei","authors":"Taha Mohammed Sharief Mohammed","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20190701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20190701.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration of Mieso, a Newly Released Field Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Varieties for Highlands of Bale, Southeast Ethiopia","authors":"A. Tekalign, T. Tadesse, Belay Asmare","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20221002.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20221002.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121137541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Leaves of Carica papaya and Moringa oleifera Against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Temam Gemeda Genemo","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20210905.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210905.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114454826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and Registration of New Bread Wheat Variety Abay for Low to Mid-Altitude Wheat-Producing Areas of Ethiopia","authors":"Tafesse Solomon","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20221002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20221002.13","url":null,"abstract":": Wheat production in Ethiopia in the year 2020 was around 5.1 million metric tons (World data Atlas, 2021). Although the country has the potential optimum environment for wheat production, the deficit between wheat grain production and national demand is about 1.7 million tons of wheat per annum. It is about 25% of total consumption. That is mainly due to biotic and abiotic stress threatened production results in low productivity. Wheat rust fungal pathogens are among the production constraints in Ethiopia. The national wheat research program objectively works on the development and release of resistance bread wheat variety for wheat rusts with high grain yield and good quality. In 2018 and 2019, twenty-three advanced genotypes and two checks; as a whole twenty-five entries, set as Bread Wheat National Variety Trial for Moisture Stress Areas set one (BWNVTMSAI) by the National Wheat Research Program and evaluated across different locations. The experiment was conducted in a square lattice design with three replications by the program. The experimental unit had 2.5 m length by 1.2m width was used for this trial with an area of 3m 2 . In 2020 two promising bread wheat candidates, ETBW9396 and ETBW9080, those selected from the National Variety Trial, One standard check Daka, and one local check Kakaba, a total of four materials tested as a Variety Verification Trial (VVT) with no design and replication across four locations. Results showed about twelve genotypes have a greater than 5% grain yield advantage over the best check, Deka (Table 2). ETBW9080, ETBW9172, and ETBW9396 showed better performance for wheat rust disease (Table 3). The National Wheat Research Program selected and proposed ETBW9080 and ETBW9396 as candidate varieties. The National Variety Releasing Committee (NVRC) met its first round at Adiss Ababa in the Ministry of Agriculture in June 2021. The standing committee decided to release ETBW9636. Then. ETBW9636 registered as a new bread wheat variety in 2021 in Ethiopia. Replacement of susceptible bread wheat varieties and availing more alternatives bread wheat varieties to grow for resource-poor farmers is very crucial in the region.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129011953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response of Portulaca oleracea L to Different Concentration of Nitrogen Fertilizer","authors":"Taha Mohammed Sharief Mohammed","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20190701.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20190701.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123413390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}