American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal Analysis of CD4 Cell Counts Data on HIV Patients Initiated on Anti-retroviral Therapy: Case of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Naod Gebrekrstos Zeru","doi":"10.11648/j.bio.20221006.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20221006.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131147013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Yellow Rust at Minjar, Basonawarena and Moretenajihur District of North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Asnakew","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210906.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210906.11","url":null,"abstract":"Stripe (Yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is important wheat diseases causing serious damage on cultivated wheat variety. The wheat yellow rust assessment was conducted in the main rainy season of 2018/19 at Minjar, Basonawarena and Moretnajihur using “Z” method of diseases assessment. Disease and agro-eological data were recorded. The disease was prevalent at all districts by varying incidence and severity ranges. The highest Yr prevalence 100% was recorded at Moretenajihur districts: conversely; the lowest prevalence percentage 16.67% was at Minjar district. The highest severity and incidence of yellow rust 40-100% and 10-40%, respectively was recorded at Moretenajihur with MS to S reaction; while the lowest severity and incidence (0-15% and 0-5%) respectively was recorded at Minjar with reaction of MS. Factors such as wheat variety, growth stage and agro-ecological variations have contributions for the distributions and occurrence of yellow rust. Highest yellow rust incidence ranges 100% S on field cultivated with bread wheat on variety kakaba and Kubsa at growth stage of Milk to matured stage. Local cultivar has shown lowest incidence and severity percentage with moderately susceptible responses than improved varieties.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115866107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Different Genetic Group of Chicken in Ethiopia","authors":"Maticha Korato, Teramaj Abebe, Bayesa Tolasa","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210905.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210905.14","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper was conducted with the aim of reviewing productive and reproductive performance of different chicken breeds in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, chicken production plays a role as a prime supplier of eggs and meat in rural and urban area and as a source of income. As indicated current review results, indigenous chicken breeds had low productive and reproductive performance than exotic breeds. The average age at first egg ranges 6-12 months for indigenous chicken. Their egg production potential ranges 30-60 eggs per year per hen with average egg weight of 38g under village management conditions; while under intensive system they produce 80-100 eggs per year per hen. Average hatchability of eggs was 80% for indigenous chickens. On the other hand, performance of exotic differs from indigenous chickens. Average age for first egg was 5 months for exotic chicken breeds under intensive management system in Ethiopia. Exotic breeds of chicken kept under intensive condition produce around 250 eggs /year/hen with average egg weight of 50-60g; while under village production system it may go down up to 150 with average weight of egg 44g. Average hatchability of eggs was around 70% for exotic chickens in Ethiopia. Generally, this review work recommended cross breeding should be used to combine these different performances of exotic and indigenous chickens so as to create crossbreed chickens having resistance to harsh environment of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130179193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilizer for Maximum Output and Growth of BJRI Tossa Pat-8","authors":"A. Sultana, T. Rahman, A. Alim, Saheb Ali","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210905.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210905.13","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilizing in a balanced way promotes crop quality and soil health as well as crop growth and production. This study was conducted to determine the best approach of fertilization for jute production in Bangladesh in the experimental fields under Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. A randomized block design with three replications was used to set up the experiment, which included ten fertilizer treatments. The treatments were: T1 – control (no fertilization), T2- 50:10:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T3- 100:10:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T4- 150:10:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T5- 100:5:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T6- 100:15:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T7- 100:10:60:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T8- 100:10:90:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T9- 100:10:60:10 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T10- 100:10:90:30 kg N:P:K:S ha-1. The purpose of this study was to determine what nutrition BJRI Tossa pat-8 need for optimal growth and yield. The results indicated significant effect on yield and yield contributing characters over control with different NPK and S levels of BJRI Tossa Pat-8. The highest fibre and stick yield were obtained by the combination dose of N100 Kg ha-1 with 10:60:20 kg P:K:S ha-1. The plant height, base diameter also found highest with the same treatment of fertilizer combination. Therefore this combination (T7- 100:10:60:20 kg N: P: K: S ha-1) seemed to be optimum for good growth and high potential for BJRI Tossa Pat-8 for fibre production in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129502142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Virus Antibodies in Caprine and Ovine Through the Contrast of Serological Assessments in Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"S. Baloch, A. Yousaf, S. Shaheen, S. Shaheen, Inayatullah Sarki, Abdullah Babar, Asfa Sakhawat, M. Arshad, Khalil-ur-Rehman, Shah Jahan Musakhail, A. Bachaya, Faiza S M Habib","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210905.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210905.11","url":null,"abstract":"Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is a notifiable, contagious and economically important transboundary viral disease of small ruminant causing high morbidity and mortality. It belongs to negative-sense, single-stranded RNA paramyxovirus of genus Morbillivirus. PPR occurs in populations of immunologically naive sheep and goats, illness and death can be high as >90%. It results in a high rate of morbidity and a moderate rate of mortality. After the eradication of the rinderpest virus, which is closely relate to PPRV of small ruminants contaminated with SRMV are diagnosed having pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhea and broncho pneumonia, whereas, gross pathology, histological findings along with laboratory confirmation of specific virus antigen, antibodies, genome in the clinical samples through a variety of serological and molecular diagnostic tests can be useful. The goal of this study was to use competitive-ELISA to determine the prevalence of PPR in small ruminants in Sindh province. A total of n=5700 blood samples were taken from sheep (800) and goats (4900) in 06 Sindh districts. In the small ruminant population, the overall prevalence was found to be 27.84%. Goats were found to have a higher prevalence (28.29%) than sheep (25.13%). Prevalence in goats varied by age category, with 27.84%, 24.88%, and 34.29% in three age groups, i.e less than 1 years, 1-2 years, and more than 2 years and in sheep’s 18.75%, 23.95%, and 36.11% respectively. Females had a greater prevalence rate than males. The prevalence of PPR varies across the province's several agro-ecological zones. Tharparkar district had the greatest% age (35.38%), while Hyderabad district had the lowest (18.27%). Because PPR is endemic in Sindh, there is a pressing need for infection prevention through vaccination. PPR can be controlled through mass vaccination program. In the future, the preparation of a marker vaccine with a robust companion test may assist in serosurveillance for the detection of infection in vaccinated animals to control the disease.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125726498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Standardized Inflammatory Cell-Modulated 3D Tumor Tissue Model for Analysis of Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery","authors":"Sabine Hensler, Claudia Kuehlbach, B. Kotkamp, Dario Frey, M. Mueller","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210904.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210904.13","url":null,"abstract":"The last decades were marked by substantial progress in understanding the role of tumor-supporting inflammatory reactions in tumor growth and progression. While in vivo data substantiate the contribution of the inflammatory infiltrate and of tumor associated fibroblasts in promoting tumor growth and progression, little is known about the dynamic interaction of these two stromal cell types and their reciprocal influence on each other and on the tumor cells. Mechanistical analyses of these crucial interactions require a standardized and easy to manipulate environment. We therefore established a 3D organotypic in vitro model for epithelial tumors to analyze the interaction of macrophages, neutrophils and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment of malignant tumors. In the 3D model, epithelial tumor cells are grown on a collagen type I gel containing fibroblasts, macrophages and neutrophils. Comparable to the in vivo setting, the cytokine driven interaction between macrophages and fibroblasts markedly influences invasion and enhances M2 differentiation in the presence of tumor cells. Addition of neutrophils further leads to a strikingly enhanced tumor invasion associated with an increased expression of MMP-9 and a N2 differentiation of neutrophils. Thus, this novel 3D model provides an in vivo like tissue context to analyze tumor stroma interactions and presents an excellent tool for targeted interference. As such, the model is highly suitable for pharmaceutical screening of novel therapeutics. However, the use of collagen type 1 with its known batch to batch variability as ECM equivalent prohibits the model-standardization that is needed for pharmaceutical testing. Therefore, the 3D in vitro tumor-stroma model was adapted to the use of a bioinert dextran-hydrogel providing a highly standardized and easily modifiable scaffold material that allows the recovery of cells after pharmaceutical experiments. Comparable to the collagen-based model, cells maintained their physiological proliferation, migration and differentiation. Utilizing this standardized model, the efficacy and the tissue impact of novel pharmaceuticals can be investigated in detail with respect to cell morphology, behavior, viability as well as gene expression profiles thereby providing a 3D hydrogel tumor stroma a model that is of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128875392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, Phenology and Yield Component of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes as Affected by Fertilizer Types Under Acidic Soil","authors":"Hailu Hameso, Waleligh Worku, Tewodros W. Ayalew","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted on acidic soil of Hagereselam, southern Ethiopiain 2019 cropping season to evaluate the growth and yield component formation performance of barley genotypes under different inorganic fertilizer types. Treatment consisting of four fertilizer types (control, NP, NPS and NPSB) and four barley genotypes (217176b, 240478, 234911b and 208855b) and one barley variety (HB- 1307) as a check laid out using a Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement with three replications Both main and interaction effects influenced days to physiological maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers m-2. However, days to heading, spike length, number of grain per spike and1000 grain weight, were only affected by main effects. Barley Genotype 217176b with NPSB fertilizer exhibited the longest plant height and better performance with regard to the remaining measured parameters. However, it did not significantly differ for the same parameters from the same genotype under NP and genotype 240478 with NPSB fertilizer application. The lowest performances were recorded from genotype 208855b with no fertilizer application. Given the fact that the performance of growth, phenology and yield components between the two genotypes in combinations either with NPSB or NP is not statistically significant, either of the two genotypes with the NPSB or NP fertilizer is very essential for appropriate production of barley under acidic soils of Hagereselam and acidic soils of similar agro-ecologies in the highlands of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131221750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Blended Fertilizer and Lime Application Rates on Grain Yield and Yield Component of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone South-western, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Abdeta","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important food security crops and play significant role in the live hood of most Ethiopians. However, yields are low primarily because of low soil fertility and use of inappropriate fertilizer rates. This study was therefore; conducted to determine optimum rates of blended fertilizer under limed and un limed condition of acid soil on Maize in Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone Southwestern, Ethiopia during 2017 main cropping season. The amount of lime that was applied at each location was calculated on the basis of the exchangeable acidity. The experiment used seven treatments; Control, NPS, NPSB, NPSB plus Recommended rate of Lime, NPSB plus 0.75* recommended rate of Lime, NPSB plus 0.50* recommended rate of Lime and NPSB plus 0.25 * recommended rate of lime were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated across seven farmers’ fields in each location. Application of lime was dramatically improved soil pH from 4.5 to 5.28. yield and yield components of Maize were significantly affected by integrated use of blended fertilizer and lime. Accordingly, Plant height, Grain Yield, Biomass Yield, Harvest Index and thousand kernel weight of Maize were obtained with application of NPSB plus recommended rate of Lime. Higher net return 15914 Ethiopia birr /ha with marginal rate of return of 557% of Maize was obtained with application of NPSB plus Recommended rate of Lime. Thus, integrated use of NPSB plus Recommended Lime is recommended for Maize production in acid soil of Omo Nada district and similar agro ecologies.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128911502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Bio-ethanol Production from Striga hermonthica Using Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a Fermenting Agent","authors":"Temam Gemeda Genemo","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210903.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210903.16","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming, urban pollution and depletion of fossil fuels have been driving for looking alternative energy sources, especially those derived from biomass. Production of bio-ethanol from lingocellulosic materials is providing a long-term sustainable for fuel supply. Striga hermonthica, a parasitic weed plant is one of cheap source of lignocellosic materials to serve as feedstock for bio-ethanol production. With the objective of evaluating its potential for bio-ethanol production, different concentrations (10g, 20g, 30g, and 40g) of Striga hermonthica treated with 1% diluted sulfuric acid and untreated were subjected to batch fermentation for 16 days with 0.5% and 1% yeast inoculums. Percent of bio-ethanol production, cell density and reducing sugars were measured at an interval of 4 days starting from the beginning. Results of these study showed that ethanol production was observed starting from the 4th day of fermentation, but its amount peaked 28.05% from 40g substrate with 1% inoculum on the 12th day of fermentation, and declined on 16th days (20.24%) from the same substrate concentration. Pretreated substrate showed significantly higher ethanol production than untreated. In agreement with ethanol production, cell density and reduction in reducing sugar were observed in the same pattern. Compared ethanol production between untreated substrates yield of 21.31%, and treated substrates yielded of 28.05%. Overall, this study showed that acid pre-treatment, inoculum concentration, fermentation period and substrate concentration affect the amount of bio-ethanol production. Finally, it can be concluded that the production of bioethanol from Striga hermonthica is economically and environmentally viable. Extensive use of this harmful weed for bioethanol production may have twofold advantages, viz. reduction of its negative impact on crop productivity and generation of bio-ethanol.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122056144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Coffee Husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) at Haru Research Sub-canter, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Gemechu Chali, T. Abera, Tesfaye Wakgari","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"Application of inorganic and organic fertilizers is the cheapest sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. However, selecting the optimum combination of these resources based on soil type and crop species were necessary. In this view, a field experiment was conducted at Haru research sub-center to assess the effect of coffee husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer rates on soil growth and yield and yield components of coffee in 2018/2019 cropping season. The treatments used were the combination of different rates coffee husk compost and NPS fertilizers rate, and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined application of coffee husk compost and NPS fertilizers rate were significantly increased plant height of coffee. Coffee husk compost at (7.5 t ha-1) and NPS fertilizer at (50 kg NPS ha-1) has improved yield of coffee crop. Integrated NPS fertilizer and coffee husk compost with different rates improved coffee yield and yield components. Therefore, the use of 7.5t ha-1 coffee husk compost and 50 kg ha-1 of NPS fertilizer can be the best alternative integrated soil fertility management option in place of the sole application of inorganic fertilizers at study area tentatively. Nevertheless, in order to give conclusive recommendation further research studies are needed for more soil types and coffee crop varieties.","PeriodicalId":284331,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126806870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}