{"title":"A tunable second-resonance cross-slot antenna","authors":"M. Forman, Z. Popovic","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.630066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.630066","url":null,"abstract":"Second-resonance slot antennas, due to their ability to transmit and receive on both sides of a microstrip ground plane, are often employed in planar active antenna arrays. For example, in an amplifier array, the input and output of an amplifier circuit are connected to orthogonally polarized antennas. The purpose of using orthogonal polarizations is to ensure amplifier stability. We present a 7 GHz cross-slot antenna designed to be used in a mixer/phase detector active antenna. By incorporating a varactor diode into the microstrip feed line, the cross-slot resonance can be electronically tuned over a 10% bandwidth. By mechanically varying the feed line (tuning stub) length, a 45% 2:1 VSWR bandwidth is possible.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133734889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An anisotropic perfectly matched layer-absorbing medium in finite element time domain method for Maxwell's equations","authors":"V. Mathis","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631552","url":null,"abstract":"When we try to solve Maxwell's equations by a numerical method like the finite difference or finite element, one of the major question is: how to close the calculus domain? This is a mathematical question. Another point of view is: how to simulate an anechoic chamber in order not to be disturbed by reflections of the waves. The first way to answer this question was to use absorbing boundary conditions. Sacks et al. (see IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag., vol.43, no.l2, p.1460-3, 1995) present an approach for deriving a perfectly matched layer (PML) for mesh truncation. This approach is based on using anisotropic material properties to describe the absorbing layer. They have shown that the material properties of the medium can be chosen such that a planar interface between the anisotropic medium and free-space is perfectly reflectionless. This approach offers the advantage that it does not require a modification of Maxwell's equations and it is very easy to implement in finite elements. Sacks et al. present a formulation in frequency domain. We present the use of this approach in the finite element time domain.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133721397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exact and asymptotic analysis of an infinite grid of metal strips using G1DMULT","authors":"S. Raffaelli, Z. Šipuš, P. Kildal, M. Johansson","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631518","url":null,"abstract":"The scattering properties of an infinite grid of conducting strips in a multilayer structure is studied by a spectral domain technique. To calculate the scattered field we Fourier expand the induced currents on the strips and use the numerical algorithm G1DMULT to evaluate the spectral domain Green's functions. The results are compared with data obtained using the asymptotic strip boundary condition (ASBC). We have shown that the exact numerical results approach the ASBC results when the strip period decreases for all relative strip widths.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115937814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of an air gap on the radiation pattern of a microstrip leaky wave antenna radiating into a half space","authors":"L. McMillan, N. Shuley","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631757","url":null,"abstract":"In various antenna applications it is not desirable to have the antenna in direct contact with the medium the radiation is trying to penetrate. In ground penetrating radar, the antenna is moved over the ground, so that data can be obtained about subsurface features. Clearly in this application, if the antenna was in direct contact with the ground the antenna would be damaged very quickly. Hence the need for an air gap. Researchers investigating the effect of a dielectric coating on a leaky wave long slot waveguide antenna, concluded that some slight discrepancies between measured and theoretical results in backlobe radiation, may be due to the presence of a small air gap between the antenna's metalization surface and the dielectric coating, as a result of the adhesive process (Whetten and Balanis, 1996). In this paper, the effect of a small air gap between a microstrip leaky wave antenna (LWA) and a half space is examined. The propagation constant and power radiation pattern is evaluated for various air gap spacings.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124153086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculation of SAR and B/sub 1/-field within human head excited by MRI birdcage coils","authors":"J. Chen, J. Jin","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631780","url":null,"abstract":"Birdcage coils have been widely used to generate radiofrequency (RF) pulses for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of their capability to produce a highly homogeneous B/sub 1/-field over a large volume within the coil. This is true even if the coil is loaded with a human body or a human head provided that the frequency of the B/sub 1/-field is low (less than 50 MHz). However, when birdcage coils are employed for high frequency MRI, the interaction between the electromagnetic (EM) field and the biological object to be imaged deteriorates the B/sub 1/-field homogeneity. Such a deterioration reduces the quality of the MR images and causes difficulties for advanced MRI studies such as functional MRI and MR spectroscopy. Moreover, the EM interaction at high frequencies also leads to an increased electric field, thus, an increased specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in the biological object, causing concern about the possible adverse effects of MRI on human health. Jin et al. (see Phys. Med. Biol., vol.41, p.2719-38, 1996) proposed a method that was suitable for modelling open MRI coils; however, it has difficulties in modelling coils with an RF shield, which is often used to reduce the unwanted interactions between the EM fields and the exterior structures. We employ the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to study this problem. It is found that the FDTD method can effectively model the complex anatomical structure of the human head, the currents in the MRI coil, and the RF shield.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114443121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Focal plane beam synthesis method for dielectric lens antennas","authors":"K.K. Chan, M. Gimersky, R. Pokuls","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631590","url":null,"abstract":"The thin spherical dielectric lens is an ideal multiple beam communications satellite antenna operating in the millimetre wave band. Typically, tens to hundreds of simultaneous closely-spaced beams are required. The design goal is to maximise edge-of-coverage gain that is consistent with low alternate beam copolar and crosspolar interference. Each beam is generated by a cluster of feed horns with excitations formed by a low-level beamforming network. The objective here is to develop an efficient procedure for determining the optimum locations, excitations and size of the feeds. The method of focal plane beam synthesis is proposed.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114462868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2D and 3D finite element modeling of electrical machines","authors":"J. Sabonnadiere, A. Foggia","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631816","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element solution of Maxwell's equations are well established and many laboratories and industries use these techniques to design electrical machines. When these techniques are coupled with electrical circuits, the machine may be investigated as well as in an experimental bench. Such experiments as transient analysis and frequency response that lead to an accurate and complete model, may then be simulated. At the end of the machine, the electromagnetic phenomena that develop around the windings are essentially 3D and no significant approximation may be made in order to compute the eddy currents that develop at the end of the laminations. This specific problem is very important since extra Joule losses are generated that increase with time and reduce the life time of the machine. A specific 3D formulation is then necessary to compute these currents. In this paper, the authors present some examples of analysis of electrical machines in 2D and 3D approximations.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114624475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Accatino, B. Piovano, G. Vercellino, R. Ravanelli
{"title":"Design and breadboarding of a compact and tuningless triplexer for satellite applications","authors":"L. Accatino, B. Piovano, G. Vercellino, R. Ravanelli","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631863","url":null,"abstract":"The component described is a novel type of triplexer for telecommunication and telemetry channels, designed and fabricated in the frame of Eutelsat W24 program. This triplexer is composed of two transmit channels and one receive channel at Ku-band. All channels have been implemented as H-plane metal-insert filters, connected to the input guide through a stepped three-furcation. This configuration, which represents an innovation in the breadboard of such a type of component, has shown an excellent degree of mechanical compactness along with a very interesting electrical performance, without the need of any post-manufacturing tuning.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115049483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optically controlled scanning antennas comprising a plasma grating","authors":"V. Manasson, V. A. Yepishin","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631785","url":null,"abstract":"The mainstream developers of electronically or photonically controlled steering antennas employ phased array architectures (PAA) which suffer from high cost and therefore have limited applications. The main challenge is to reduce the cost of the key parts of phased arrays, the phase shifters or the true time delay elements. On that score, the desired progress has not yet been achieved. However, photonically controlled scanning can be achieved even without using the above mentioned discrete elements. We present two novel architectures for millimeter wave (MMW) scanning antennas controlled by light. They are based on the interaction of MMW, with photonically created electron-hole plasma in a semiconductor medium and are thus radically different from PAAs. The new antennas are expected to be much more cost effective than phased array antennas.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115090094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moving vehicle range profiles measured using a noise radar","authors":"E. Walton, I. Theron, S. Gunawan, L. Cai","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.625539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.625539","url":null,"abstract":"The Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory has built and is operating a set of noise correlation radar systems. We discuss the construction and operation of such a system designed for the foliage penetration and vehicle identification band. A noise radar operates by generating a wide band noise signal and transmitting this signal as it is. The receiving system receives signals (including those scattered by the target) and forms a cross-correlation with a delayed version of the transmitted signal. This process must be done at base band, which in this case is the band from 50 to 600 MHz (but is often much higher). Thus analogue components rather than digital cross correlation are used.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116950839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}