{"title":"Een autisme-vriendelijke school: architectuur als eerste stap","authors":"C. Rieffe, Alexander Koutamanis","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2017, it is a legal requirement in the Netherlands that every building with a public function is accessible to everyone. However, the barriers that school-going students with autism encounter on a daily basis are oft en invisible, such as too much noise, too bright light, unclear routes, too few seats during breaks, and a lack of quiet areas. Autism-friendly architecture aims to ensure that autistic students can move freely, feel safe and welcome, and are not overstimulated by the environment, so that they too enjoy going to school, and can socialize with fellow students at appropriate times. To achieve this aim, in this article we describe a number of aspects from an architectural perspective, such as acoustics and light, assigned functions and areas, transition zones and the schoolyard. Creating an autism-friendly school starts with the right architecture of the physical space, recognizing that all students benefit from the necessary improvements in the physical environment.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"737 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autisme en Neurobiologie: Wat We (Niet) Weten","authors":"A. Nijhof","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"After decades of brain research on autism, the question is what insights this research has given into the neural mechanisms underlying autism symptomatology. At the group level, anatomical, chemical and functional differences have been reported, although these are often based on small samples. There are differences in the development and growth of certain brain areas, with stronger local and weaker global connections. Furthermore, the concentration of neurotransmitters such as GABA and serotonin is sometimes disbalanced in autism. Despite what was long thought, there are no clear differences in mirror neuronsystem activation during social tasks, but there are functional differences in other social brain areas, as well as in the cerebellum. Recently, the focus has been shifting to studying large-scale brain networks, a shift that generates new research lines and hypotheses, such as those related to the ‘predictive brain’. Research into autism and the brain is thus still strongly evolving.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"844 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De Grote Boze Wolf","authors":"Niels Springveld","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the first installment in a four-part series on the Austrian-American, Jewish psychoanalyst Bruno Bettelheim (1903-1990) and the emancipation of American parents of autistic children. This part describes the life and work of Bettelheim, who emigrated to the United States after being interned in the Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps. In the US he managed to work his way up to the directorship of the Orthogenic School in Chicago on the basis of a concocted CV and became one of the best-known public intellectuals in the country. At the Orthogenic School he learned about autism, which according to him was caused by a cold, distant parenting style. With his statements, Bettelheim angered parents of autistic children, who began to unite in the early 1960s in opposition to the psychoanalytically oriented medical establishment.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"497 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Dekker, Esther van der Vegt, K. Greaves-Lord, K. Visser
{"title":"Wie geven jongeren met en zonder ASS seksuele voorlichting?","authors":"Linda Dekker, Esther van der Vegt, K. Greaves-Lord, K. Visser","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated 1) from which sources adolescents (with and without ASD) received information regarding sex, 2) to what extend parents and adolescents differed in how they reported about the received information on sex and from which sources, and 3) whether there were differences between adolescent with and without ASD. From the results, it became clear that adolescent with ASD generally received less information on sex, and less from specific sources such as parents, teachers and friends, than adolescents without ASD. This indicates that it is important to pay attention to providing information on sex to adolescents with ASD. Moreover, it is important to collect data from several informants, to get a more complete picture of the received information and knowledge on sex of adolescents. Ideally, parents and adolescents should discuss these topics more, to clarify which information is needed and how more intimate issues can be discussed, to in that way improve the providence of information and support from parents.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"480 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Plak, Ralph Rippe, Inge Merkelbach, Sander Begeer
{"title":"De psychosociale impact van de COVID-19-pandemie op kinderen met autisme","authors":"Rachel Plak, Ralph Rippe, Inge Merkelbach, Sander Begeer","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosocial characteristics of children with autism were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with data collected during the pandemic. The results show a surprising improvement, especially from T0 to T1. Girls and children attending special education showed increased difficulties over time, while older children showed fewer difficulties. While there was a general decrease in difficulties, we observed stability in the subdomain of emotional problems. Hyperactivity, behavioral problems, and peer issues decreased. Moreover, we noticed increased prosocial behavior during the pandemic. Attending special education was associated with increased peer-related problems over time, while a higher age predicted fewer behavioral problems and increased prosocial behavior over time. All in all, the COVID-19 pandemic may have temporarily improved the environment for autistic children in the Netherlands.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zusammenklang","authors":"Niels Springveld","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"There has been much speculation about a possible connection between Leo Kanner (1894-1981) and Hans Asperger (1906-1980), who wrote about autism around the same time (1943/1944) in the United States and Austria respectively. In recent years, it has come to light that there indeed was a direct connection between the two pioneers: the couple Anni Weiss (1897-1991) and Georg Frankl (1897-1975), two Jewish colleagues of Asperger’s who fled to the United States in the 1930’s and became close colleagues of Kanner. Especially Frankl played an important role in the conceptualization of Kanner’s autism diagnosis. Th is article describes the life and work of Weiss and Frankl and refutes previous speculations about the possible connections between Asperger and Kanner.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128463186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beeldende therapie bij volwassenen met autisme","authors":"Nelleke van Harten","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effect of the Art Therapy program ‘Images of Self ’ (IoS) in four adults with an ASD. The effectiveness was investigated by means of a multiple case study (N=4) with a focus on qualitative data, in which pre-post questionnaires were used. Observations were made by means of topic lists. In addition, three conversations with the client and someone out of his/her close surrounding shed some light on the results with respect to daily life. There are indications that IoS can be used for adults with ASD, who are experiencing diffi culties in self-esteem, emotion regulation, flexibility in coping with changes and social communicative behaviour. It can contribute to getting a grip on feelings and insight into oneself, and it can help to establish contact within the therapy as well. Due to limitations in the study design (small study population), further research is necessary to replicate this study and test its mechanisms of action in a larger sample size.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129461014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Het verwerken van gezichten bij mensen met autisme","authors":"Natascha Rink","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Autistic children frequently have difficulties in the ability to perceive faces, which is a skill essential for social communication. Early attentional processing might be compromised and atypical brain activation in response to faces has been reported. These anomalies may point to fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning issues concerning face processing. Nevertheless it is unclear how these anomalies develop as function of age, and the central coherence theory, the eye-avoidance theory, and the social motivation theory fail to explain all the details of the face recognition defi cit. In this perspective the double empathy problem is discussed. Intervention programs based on computer games and reward seem promising.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121583462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nienke Verkuijl, Sigrid Piening, Ester Bazuin, I. Koopmans, Inge van Balkom
{"title":"Het gesprek over gezondheid met mensen met een autismespectrumstoornis: Wat is daar voor nodig?","authors":"Nienke Verkuijl, Sigrid Piening, Ester Bazuin, I. Koopmans, Inge van Balkom","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"People with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of developing comorbid mental and physical health problems with consequent reduced quality of life and life expectancy. Important environmental factors that influence the health of people with ASD include lifestyle and barriers experienced in accessing healthcare. This essay discusses what is known to be helpful in reducing the barriers that people with autism can experience in accessing healthcare and a healthy lifestyle. Using a case report, we illustrate an example of adaptations made within a specialized service for (young) adults with complex ASD.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115702667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolien Wijker, Marie-José Enders-Slegers, A. Spek, Ruslan Leontjevas
{"title":"Dierondersteunde interventie voor volwassenen met autisme","authors":"Carolien Wijker, Marie-José Enders-Slegers, A. Spek, Ruslan Leontjevas","doi":"10.36254/wta.2023.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the thesis in which the eff ects of Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) were explored on, amongst others, self-perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and social communication in adults with autism and an average to high intelligence (Wijker, 2022). AAT is a structured, goal-oriented intervention in which a trained animal plays an integral role. Participants received 10 weekly one-on-one AAT sessions guided by a certified psychologist. The aim of the AAT was to reduce stress and improve social and communication skills. This research shows that 1) after AAT participants experience significantly lower self-perceived stress, agoraphobia, and depression, and informants of AAT participants report significant improvements in social responsiveness, such as social awareness and social communication, 2) that AAT is rated as highly feasible and relevant by both participants and therapists, and 3) that AAT may be effective in generalizing learned skills to participants’ daily lives. Because of its clinically relevant effects and remarkable adherence, AAT can be regarded as a promising therapy for stress-related outcomes, such as anxiety and depression and social awareness and communication in this population. More research however is needed on the effects of AAT in the ASD population and with larger sample sizes.","PeriodicalId":283749,"journal":{"name":"Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115800742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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