JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE最新文献

{"title":"Increasing Efficacy in a Population-level Implementation","authors":"Dennis D. Embry, M. Ryzin, A. Biglan, Jason D. Fruth","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a10","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the changes in teacher efficacy and interaction effects based on perceived effectiveness and level of implementation for teachers trained in the PAX Good Behavior Game and subsequent PAX Next Steps professional development training as measured by the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale. Previous studies have shown improved outcomes for teachers with the PAX Good Behavior Game including a reduction in teacher stress and improved teacher efficacy among in-service and pre-service teachers. This study found that PAX Next Steps professional development training increased overall teacher efficacy as well as efficacy in instructional strategies, student engagement, and classroom management for teachers already trained in the PAX Good Behavior Game regardless of their own level of implementation or their perceived effectiveness of the PAX Good Behavior Game program. These outcomes highlight the importance of culturally competent professional development as a key feature in the sustainability of a population-level implementation of any evidence-based program. Two models were developed to determine interaction effects of two variables from the post training survey on efficacy according to the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy scores for the same participants. Level of implementation was the first variable tested for interaction effects with sense of efficacy. For the first model, in which the implementation question was used as a moderator of change in self-efficacy, we found that 57 teachers responded with a 1 (signifying a low level of implementation), 50 responded with a 2 (moderate level of implementation), and 20 responding with a 3 (high level of implementation). Results indicated that the interaction effect of implementation and time on self-efficacy was not significant, F (2,127) =1.24, p = .29. The main effect of implementation on self-efficacy was not significant, F (2,127) = 1.79, p = .17, but the main effect of time on self-efficacy was significant, F (1,127) = 147.17, p < .001, partial η 2 = .54, indicating a substantial gain in self-efficacy during the training course, regardless of the level of implementation. Levene’s test indicated that the assumption of homogeneity of variance was not violated at the pre-test, F (2,127) = 2.24, p = .11, or the post-test, F (2,127) = 2.61, p = 08. Perceived effectiveness of the PAX GBG was the second variable tested for interaction effects with sense of efficacy. For the second model, in which the perceived effectiveness question was used as a moderator of change in self-efficacy, we initially found that only 2 teachers responded with a 1 (signifying a very low level of perceived effectiveness) and only 14 teachers responded with a 4 (signifying a very high level of perceived effectiveness). Thus, we collapsed the four groups into two by combining the lower two and upper two responses. As a result, we had 49 teachers who responded 1 or 2 (signifying a low level of perceived effectiveness), and ","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127133422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Appraising Factors in Perceived Career Development of Factory Workers","authors":"J. Ekore","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a3","url":null,"abstract":"Factory workers constitute an unavoidable group in manufacturing organizations. Focusing on their career needs is salient in achieving result-oriented outcomes. Hence, the study that examined cognitive appraising factors of meaning in life, work value orientation, work-based identity to predict career development factors among factory employees in manufacturing industries. The survey involved a sample size of 306 and utilized structured questionnaires for data collections. Three hypotheses were tested and confirmed. All the factors significantly predicted career development (R= .70, R2= .48, F= 92.06; p<.05). It was concluded that the cognitive appraising factors are important in perception of career development. It implied that many factory workers consider the need for career development as largely based on their cognitive appraising factors. It was recommended that management in manufacturing organizations to consider interventions that incorporate career development factors as growth needs of employees with due consideration of the relevant cognitive appraising factors.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125847448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Marital Conflict and Tobacco and Alcohol Use among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model","authors":"Chang Wei, Chengfu Yu, Min Gao","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a8","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the mediating effect of school bonding on the relationship between parental marital conflict and tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents, and the moderating role of sensation seeking in this mediating process.A total of 3,176 Chinese middle school students completed questionnaires regarding children’s perception of interparental conflict, school bonding, sensation seeking, tobacco use, and alcohol use. The findings revealed that: (1) School bonding significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and tobacco use among adolescents; (2) School bonding significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and alcohol use among adolescents; (3) Sensation seeking significantly moderated the mediating process, “parental marital conflict→school bonding→tobacco use.” More specifically, the mediating role of parental marital conflict was strengthened by reducing adolescents’ school bonding, which was significant for adolescents with high sensation seeking but not for adolescents with low sensation seeking.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"39 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134243751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than Books in the Backpack: The Impact of Family Dysfunction on College Student Risk Behaviors","authors":"R. Osborne","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a1","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers, practitioners and educators have, historically, been interested in assessing the development and impact of family dynamics on children, adolescents and college students (e.g., Chang, et al., 2016; Dring, 2014, Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978; Seligman, 1998). Family dysfunction has been found to impact children in a variety of areas including (but not limited to): risky sexual behavior (e.g., Burnett et al, 2011), pessimism and anger (e.g., Boman, Smith & Curtis, 2003), eating disorders (e.g., Dring, 2015), alcohol/drug abuse (e.g., Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978), and suicide (e.g., Chang, et al., 2016). The current study examined the relationships between self-reported risk by college students (utilizing the Youth Risk Behavior Survey CDC, 2017) and self-reported characteristics of family dysfunction (utilizing the Edinburgh Family Scale). As predicted, higher scores on family dysfunction were associated with significantly higher scores on all categories of risk behavior characteristics (safety behaviors, tobacco use, alcohol/drug usage, sex behaviors, eating behaviors, and physical activities).","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123900761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of the Connection between Parenting Styles, Birth Order, Personality, and Sibling Relationships","authors":"Michele Van Volkom, Danielle Dirmeitis, Samantha Cappitelli","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential effects of parenting styles and birth order on personality and sibling relationships. Two hundred forty-seven participants completed a demographics questionnaire as well as the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS) to measure affect, behavior, and cognitions associated with the sibling relationship in both childhood and adulthood. They also completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) as well as reported on which parenting style their mother and father engaged in while they were growing up. Birth order had no significant effect on any of the aspects of the sibling relationship, but did show differences in conscientiousness and neuroticism. Other significant results were the finding that father’s parenting style impact all six areas assessed by the LSRS. Authoritative fathers led to more positivity in assessing the relationship with the sibling the participants felt closest to in their lives. Mother’s parenting style affected participants’ view of the sibling relationship similarly, but only for adult and child cognitions. Implications of these findings will be discussed, including support for the notion that authoritative parenting results in the most positive outcomes for offspring.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125595997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohabitation vs. Marriage: Self-Monitoring and Self-Selection to Intimate Relationships","authors":"C. Leone, LouAnne B. Hawkins","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a2","url":null,"abstract":"Cohabitation involves fewer restrictions than does marriage. High self-monitors have an unrestricted orientation to close relationships; low self-monitors have a restricted orientation to close relationships. We therefore predicted that high self-monitors would cohabit rather than marry, whereaslow self-monitors were expected to marry rather than cohabit. Across three studies, participants indicated their current relationship status (married versus cohabitating), completed the 18-item Self-Monitoring Scale, and provided demographic and relationship-related information. Our prediction was confirmed in Study 1. In Study 2, this finding was replicated, and relationship longevity did not mediate self-monitoring effects on relationship choices. Selfmonitoring differences were again duplicated in Study 3, but these divergent preferences were mediated by the presence-absence of children in relationships (but not by differential commitment to partners). Limitations in our work, future theoretical and empirical directions, and clinical/policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127700291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical Review of Prevalence in Adulthood","authors":"A. Asghar","doi":"10.15640/JPBS.V7N1A5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/JPBS.V7N1A5","url":null,"abstract":"In this article a new theoretical perspective Prevalence of loneliness in adulthood has been discussed which highlighted the importance of all adulthood phases i.e. early, middle and later adulthood to experience loneliness rather than only focussing on elderly population. Midlife resignation with a lot of stressors made era of midlife more precarious where they felt disconnected whereas early adulthood also considered as a transition period in which prevalence of loneliness also increased and on the part of old age loneliness has also been discussed whereas loneliness impact on physical and mental health, relationship with social media and cultural differences has been discussed in this paper. The theory suggests that the escalation of loneliness in adulthood is a big warning sign and it needs proper management and intervention plans to ward off that negative feeling which affect not only an individual but also plays a role in country’s progress as well.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Gender and Race on Social Dominance Orientation and Modern Racism","authors":"D. B. Oxendine","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"Gender and race have reliably been found to be associated with measures of social dominance orientation (SDO) and modern racism. This study explores the degree of influence from gender and race on SDO and modern racism. Participants for this study consisted of 245 undergraduate and graduates from a small ethnically diverse regional university in the southeastern United States. Gender failed to have a significant on SDO, where race (White) was found to have a significant impact on SDO. White participants were found to be significantly related to attitudes often associated with SDO. A significant relationship was found between males and modern racism. Additionally, White participants were found to have a significant relationship with modern racism. Implications and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116455442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulsivity and Decision-Making among Men Engaging in Mild Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"Randall C. Nedegaard, T. Sbrocco, Dheeshana S. Jayasundara","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"Research has been conducted supporting a Social Information Processing (McFall, 1982) conceptualization of intimate partner violence perpetration (Holtzworth-Munroe & Hutchinson, 1993; Nedegaard & Sbrocco, 2014). However, it has also been suggested that several transitory factors can influence the individual steps of this model (Crick & Dodge, 1994; McFall, 1989; Lemerise & Aresenio, 2000). One possible transitory factor is impulsivity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of impulsivity on the perceived ability and utility of abusive behaviors among abusive men. Thirty-two abusive men, thirty-two maritally distressed, nonabusive men, and thirty-two maritally satisfied, nonabusive men were asked to complete a decision-making questionnaire where the subjective expected utilities (SEUs) and perceived ability ratings for specific behaviors were calculated using Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT). One-way ANOVAs revealed low impulsive abusers rated the SEUs of abusive behaviors significantly higher than any other group. Interestingly, non-impulsive abusers also rated their perceived ability to carry out healthy behaviors lower than all other groups. These findings suggest that there may continue to be value in conceptualizing abusive behavior within an impulsive/reactive and proactive/instrumental context. These findings suggest that abusive men who are low impulsive may be at greater risk of choosing abusive behaviors in marital conflict","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125112897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem-focused Coping Controls Burnout in Medical Students: The Case of a Selected Medical School in Kenya","authors":"Shadrack O. Ogoma","doi":"10.15640/jpbs.v8n1a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v8n1a8","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of burnout are dire yet little attention has been focused on it among medical students in a problem-based curriculum. The purpose of the current study was to establish the prevalence of burnout and its relationship with coping among medical students. It was predicted that the prevalence of burnout would be high and that problem-focused coping would reduce burnout while avoidant and emotion-focused coping would worsen it. A purposive sample of 182 medical students selected from a medical school in Kenya provided self-report data on coping strategies and components of burnout. A greater proportion of students suffered moderate to high burnout. Correlational analyses showed that problem-focused coping significantly lowered emotional exhaustion and the sense of reduced personal accomplishment. Emotion-focused coping significantly reduced the sense of reduced personal accomplishment contrary to the expectation. Avoidant coping elevated emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In general, the hypothesis that problem-focused coping would ameliorate burnout was supported. It is recommended that medical students be coached on the engagement coping approaches to shield them from the adverse effects of burnout.","PeriodicalId":283745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132725133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}