M. Kempkes, J. Casey, I. Roth, T. Hawkey, M. Gaudreau
{"title":"Crowbar replacement through solid-state opening switches [VED applications]","authors":"M. Kempkes, J. Casey, I. Roth, T. Hawkey, M. Gaudreau","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316311","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI)'s work in developing and fielding solid-state switches as replacements for crowbars in a wide range of VED systems. The solid-state switch provides a fast opening capability, which does not short the high voltage system, and provides much faster fault handling, and significantly lower deposited energy in the VED than conventional crowbar systems, improving VED reliability and lifetime. These switches also provide a nearly instantaneous return to operation for the VED. This capability improves VED performance in time critical applications, such as radar systems and industrial processes, where loss of RF output can have highly detrimental effects. This paper describes multiple applications of series solid-state switches to replace crowbars in critical VED applications.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"68 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127388269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation of machining performance for controlled surface quality requirements in porous tungsten [for dispenser cathodes]","authors":"S. Chen, D. Head, I. Jawahir","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316360","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed work in this paper will concentrate on modeling and optimization of face-contour turning of porous tungsten for controlled surface quality requirements. A study of the combined effects of workpiece geometry, work material properties, tool geometry (i.e., cutting edge radius, nose radius, rake angle, inclination angle, etc.), tool material properties (carbide and diamond tool inserts), and machining conditions (cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed) on the porosity in face-contour turning of porous tungsten was undertaken. There are many analyzable characteristics of the cutting phenomenon that can be determined from the output of the system. The empirical data needed for developing accurate modeling equations can be acquired from this output criteria. The cutting edge radius of the tool insert can be measured before and after the machining process with a white light interferometer to determine the initial patterns of wear on the cutting edge. The chips being removed will be gathered and classified. The forces applied to the workpiece will be measured with a multi axis Fischer dynamometer to determine the resultant and component forces at the insert to material interface.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133825181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gyroklinotron's efficiency","authors":"A. A. Kurayev, A. K. Sinitsyn","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316266","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is shown that in a gyroklinotron (gyrotron with two-mirror box open resonator and wide inclined electron beam (EB)), the averaged efficiency reaches 55% at the optimized angle of inclination of the EB.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-excitation conditions in overmoded klystrons","authors":"G. Nusinovich, M. Read, L. Song, R. Ives","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316278","url":null,"abstract":"A general method for calculation of the start currents of modes of overmoded cavities in klystrons is described. The method is applicable to klystrons with an arbitrary geometry of electron beams and cavities with large transverse and/or axial dimensions. When these dimensions are on the order of the wavelength or larger, the spectrum of mode frequencies is rather dense. Therefore, in addition to the desired mode, electrons can excite some parasitic modes. The conditions of self-excitation of various modes are formulated and applied to closed (gridded) and open (non-gridded) cavities.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124141941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Begum, M. Chesnut, J. Legarra, B. Stockwell, S. Cooke, D. Chernin, C. Chang, T. Antonsen, B. Levush
{"title":"Prediction of cold-test and hot-test characteristics of a high efficiency linear C-band helix TWT using HFSS, CTLSS, Christine 1-D/3-D","authors":"R. Begum, M. Chesnut, J. Legarra, B. Stockwell, S. Cooke, D. Chernin, C. Chang, T. Antonsen, B. Levush","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316233","url":null,"abstract":"A C-band helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) was modeled using HFSS/CTLSS (3-D electromagnetic codes) to predict the dispersion and impedance characteristics of different sections of the device. This particular TWT consists of two RF sections separated by a sever. As can be seen the input section has distributed loss along the entire length, with a tip loss in the middle; whereas the output section has distributed loss in part of the circuit, with no loss toward the end. The input section has a uniform pitch, whereas the output section has a velocity tapering with a reduction in pitch at the end to improve efficiency. This device operates in the linear region yet producing the desired RF power.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116340501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Llyakov, A. Krasnykh, I. Kulagin, S. Kuzikov, V. Lygin, M. Moiseev, M. Petelin, N. Zaitsev
{"title":"Ka band /spl sim/10 MW gyro-devices: an experiment and a project","authors":"E. Llyakov, A. Krasnykh, I. Kulagin, S. Kuzikov, V. Lygin, M. Moiseev, M. Petelin, N. Zaitsev","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316198","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The international program for development of electron-positron colliders needs high-power microwave sources at frequencies up to the millimeter-wave band. At the shortest microwaves, the highest powers are produced with fast-wave devices. Among them, the gyroklystron seems especially robust and reliable. As an introduction, a 30 GHz free running gyrotron operating at the H/sub 53/ mode and driven with 300 kV/80 A electron beam was manufactured and tested: 12 MW/200 ns pulses were produces with 50% efficiency. The gyrotron is planned to be converted into a gyroklystron amplifier; for better coupling to the electron beam and better suppression of parasitic modes, the modulating and intermediate cavities will operate at the H/sub 51/ mode. For further experiments, a test stand with a 500 kV/ 300 A/1 /spl mu/s modulator is being designed and a relevant electron gun is being manufactured.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spurious reflection of space charge waves in traveling wave structures","authors":"T. Antonsen, D. Chernin, S. Cooke, B. Levush","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316353","url":null,"abstract":"The high gain of traveling wave tube amplifiers makes them particularly sensitive to reflections at output ports and severs. Even small values of reflections can be significant if the reflected waves are regeneratively amplified. Consequently, a great deal of effort is expended in minimizing reflections. One process that complicates the design of devices is the additional reflection that occurs in the presence of the electron beam. The current procedure for minimizing reflections is based on the electrodynamic properties of the cold structure, i.e. in the absence of the electron beam. In the presence of the beam there is an additional reflection due to the beam space charge wave that is induced on the structure. Thus, structures optimized for zero reflection without the beam will have a reflection with the beam. The effect of the space charge wave is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129338190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SINCOHET: simple nonlinear analysis code for helix traveling wave tube","authors":"Y. Joo, A. Sinha, G. Park","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316227","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a stationary 1-D nonlinear code based on Lagrangian disk model is developed on the basis of a simple set of analytical expressions to study nonlinear dynamics in the helix slow-wave structure used in a traveling wave tube.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127216649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic suppression in a helix TWT using SUNRAY-3D code","authors":"A. Srivastava, T. Ghosh, V. Srivastava, S. Joshi","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316194","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Because of the inherently wide bandwidth of the helical slow-wave structure (SWS) and nonlinearity in the electron beam at large signal levels, second and higher order harmonics of the input RF signal(s) are also generated significantly near the output, at the cost of the growth of the input (fundamental) RF signal. This reduces the TWT efficiency. Therefore, the helix SWS is to be designed in such a fashion that the harmonic levels can be suppressed near the tube output to enhance the growth of the fundamental RF signal. This requires an accurate multi-signal large-signal model for analysis of the beam-wave interaction along the helix SWS. The SUNRAY-3D program (V Srivastava, IETE Journal of Research, vol.49, no.4, p.239-246, 2003) was used for determination of the generation of second harmonic power along with output power of the fundamental (input) RF signal, after checking convergence of simulated results for different numbers of discs per wavelength and for different number of rings per disc, for a broadband TWT. Harmonic power is given along with the output power of the fundamental (input) RF signal.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128939652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of dispenser cathode thickness on useful operating life","authors":"T. Grant, L. Falce","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2004.1316331","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Vacuum electron devices generally rely on a thermionic dispenser cathode as an electron source. Cathodes used in expendable applications that require fast warm-up are generally very thin. Recent emission testing of a quick warm-up cathode for an expendable TWT has indicated a shorter operating life than life test data and models predict. Analysis of samples indicates that there is still Ba present in the matrix at the end of life, the impregnant below the cathode surface has not receded appreciably and no discernable Ba concentration gradient seems to exist. This may indicate that very thin cathode buttons do not have sufficient impregnant to maintain surface coverage for long periods of time. There are several physical processes that impact the arrival rate of Ba to the surface of the cathode. Data from life testing a thin cathode button and a theoretical model that attempts to include button thickness and the associated Ba arrival rate processes are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":283559,"journal":{"name":"Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130889574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}