{"title":"Kiwi Steel: Modern Rifles of the New Zealand Defence Force","authors":"N. Jenzen-Jones, D. Woodhouse","doi":"10.52357/armax72497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax72497","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a chronological narrative of the standard-issue service rifles used by the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) following the Vietnam War, with a particular focus on the Steyr AUG and its successor, the Lewis Machine & Tool MARS-L. By drawing, in part, upon primary source documents obtained through Official Information Act requests and research in Archives New Zealand, the authors provide a nuanced account of the selection criteria and service history of these rifles, as well as the challenges they faced on introduction. The article explores the historical rifles used by the NZDF, from colonial times to the Vietnam War, before discussing the adoption of the Steyr AUG and its long service life (including limited upgrades). Finally, it discusses the introduction of the MARS-L as a replacement for the AUG, considering the decision-making and post-introduction issues. In addition to presenting a detailed and chronological narrative in its own right, this article is intended to serve as a valuable resource for future research through the authors’ efforts to ensure key source materials are now readily available.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123549015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Benson–Poppenburg Breechloader","authors":"M. Moss","doi":"10.52357/armax89653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax89653","url":null,"abstract":"The British Army’s search for a breech-loading rifle in the 1860s saw a variety of designs tested. The Benson–Poppenburg rifle, based on a system developed by a Prussian émigré engineer, is one of the most intriguing to have been rejected. Johann von der Poppenburg developed a simple breech action which did not require a bolt handle and could be used to retrofit existing muzzle-loaded rifles. Despite testing by both the British and Dutch armed forces, the rifle was never adopted for military service. In this short note, the author examines the rifle’s development, patents, mechanical characteristics, and trials history.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128554532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The First Sub-machine Gun: The Officine di Villar Perosa Machine Gun of 1915 (Part I)","authors":"F. Clifford","doi":"10.52357/armax06589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax06589","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to present a detailed and more nuanced examination of the development, production, and military application of the Pistola Mitragliatrice OVP (‘OVP Machine Pistol’), a unique and unusual twin-barrelled, pistol-calibre machine gun introduced in Italy during the First World War. The design process which led to the OVP machine gun is first described, followed by an assessment of its rapid adoption by the Italian Army and subsequent deployment as both an infantry support weapon and an aerial weapon fitted to military aircraft. Its efficacy in combat and impact on infantry tactics of the period are reviewed, in addition to its influence on the design of similar Austro-Hungarian small arms, and finally, its evolution into both a single-barrelled automatic carbine and a rifle-calibre light machine gun are described, along with its post-war legacy.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115147071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hugo Schmeisser's Bergmann Sub-machine Guns: M.P.18,I to M.P.18,IV & the SIG Bergmann M.P.","authors":"Hans-Christian Vortisch","doi":"10.52357/armax64570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax64570","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author examines previous attempts at explaining the unusual nomenclature of the famous German Bergmann M.P.18,I sub-machine gun and its variants, designed by Hugo Schmeisser during and shortly after the First World War. Based on a re-examination of the single known example of the M.P.18,III, the author offers his own theories as to the origin of the nomenclature, suggesting that the model name originates with the designer and/or manufacturer, rather than the military. The various estimates of the exact production numbers of these weapons are also considered, and these are compared with the author’s own serial number database. The available serial numbers suggest that, not only were more guns produced than commonly thought, there were possibly additional examples manufactured for end users other than the German military.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sterling & Enfield Conversions of Lee–Enfield No. 4 Rifles to 7.62 NATO: An Explanation for Certain Design Choices?","authors":"Mike Burns","doi":"10.52357/armax64815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax64815","url":null,"abstract":"Both the Sterling Engineering Company Limited and Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield proposed conversions of Lee–Enfield No. 4 rifles to the 7.62 × 51 mm (NATO) calibre in the 1960s. This article discusses a number of the design details of these two distinct conversions, and posits a possible explanation for some of the differences, namely on the basis of Sterling’s UK Patent No. 897,079. By making certain design choices regarding the charger bridge and ejector, Enfield managed to find a technical solution which avoided infringing Sterling’s patent, and hence avoided a legal battle that could have arisen from its 7.62 × 51 mm No. 4 rifle conversions.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116963892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cody Firearms Museum Object Acquisitions: 2022","authors":"D. Michael","doi":"10.52357/armax82811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax82811","url":null,"abstract":"This is an abridged list of object acquisitions made by the Cody Firearms Museum in 2022. The museum hopes that by publishing lists of these items we can increase transparency surrounding our ongoing collecting whilst keeping researchers informed as to what new material might be available for study. Wherever possible the source of the artefact is listed, although is some cases a donor may have asked to remain anonymous or not be identified publicly. In such cases, we have used the language, “Gifted to the Cody Firearms Museum”. We have also omitted loans since they are not part of our core collection. Any long-term loans that are later donated will be included in the relevant list when the donation occurs. We publish the acquisition list for the preceding year in the spring–summer issue of each following year.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117271589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report: The 2022 Kurt Swanson Bucholz Arsenals of History Symposium","authors":"D. Michael","doi":"10.52357/armax86854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax86854","url":null,"abstract":"The Cody Firearms Museum reinstated the in-person version of Arsenals of History this year, with around 40 people from around the world joining the CFM in Cody from 6–8 October. The conference again brought together a wide range of participants, but focused on museum professionals and academics (including independent scholars) conducting research that examines arms history. In this short report, CFM Curator Danny Michael recalls some of the presentations, discussions, and key findings of the 2022 symposium.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"36 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ranger Rifle: An Alternative Firearm for Conservation Law Enforcement","authors":"Kurt W. Steiner","doi":"10.52357/armax48057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax48057","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation Law Enforcement is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, with more than a thousand Rangers killed over the last decade. Of these casualties, 58 per cent have been caused by either dangerous game or armed criminals. Despite this, it appears that only 29 per cent of Rangers worldwide carry out their duties while armed. In many instances, this is due to tight restrictions on the availability and issue of semi-automatic rifles. In countries where firearms laws restrict ready access to semi-automatic rifles, conservation agencies have often purchased and equipped their Rangers with shotguns. This article argues that, in the context of conservation law enforcement, shotguns have a range of limitations when compared to a bolt-action centrefire rifle, and that a civilian-legal ‘Ranger Rifle’—designed around law enforcement needs—is the best alternative where semi-automatic rifles are unavailable.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131503637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Mauser Japonés’ & ‘Remington Ruso’: A History of the Arisaka and Mosin–Nagant Rifles in the Mexican Revolution","authors":"Luís Gonzalez","doi":"10.52357/armax73331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax73331","url":null,"abstract":"During periods of arms scarcity, the Mexican army imported several different patterns of bolt-action rifles to address shortages and maintain firepower. During the Mexican Revolution (ca. 1910–1920), the Mexican Army—facing multiple domestic rebellions, European reluctance to supply weapons, and a U.S. arms embargo—turned to Japan to fill the growing gaps in its rifle inventory. Once the U.S. arms embargo was lifted, Mexico purchased numerous bolt-action rifles from the United States, including U.S.-produced Mosin–Nagant rifles. This article seeks to elaborate the historical background of these two unconventional and intriguing arms deals, and examines how a country engulfed in continuous civil wars managed to utilise the purchase and disposition of foreign surplus arms as part of its diplomatic agenda in the 1930s. The author presents a narrative of a twenty-year period of Mexican history as viewed through the histories of two obscure, yet important, rifles.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127419840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Locally Manufactured Bren & Vickers Machine Gun Mountings in Hong Kong","authors":"George Colclough","doi":"10.52357/armax17513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52357/armax17513","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the initial findings of research conducted into unique machine gun pill box mountings deployed by the British in Hong Kong during the interwar period and early Second World War (1939–1941). Two unique variations of mounting are considered in particular: one pattern for the Bren Gun and another for the Vickers Gun. The secondary historiography on these two mountings is all but non-existent; accordingly, this article is structured to present the most pertinent information about the shape, figure, form, construction, and deployment of these mountings. The article comprises three sections: first, it discusses the Bren Gun Mounting; second, it discusses the Vickers Gun Mounting; and finally, it discusses connected factors and context. Ultimately what is presented is a variety of new information about both types of mounts, but evidence for broader conclusions is lacking at present. Where this is the case, the absence of data has been discussed, and prospects for future research presented.","PeriodicalId":283316,"journal":{"name":"Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125048701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}