The Benson–Poppenburg Breechloader

Abstract

The British Army’s search for a breech-loading rifle in the 1860s saw a variety of designs tested. The Benson–Poppenburg rifle, based on a system developed by a Prussian émigré engineer, is one of the most intriguing to have been rejected. Johann von der Poppenburg developed a simple breech action which did not require a bolt handle and could be used to retrofit existing muzzle-loaded rifles. Despite testing by both the British and Dutch armed forces, the rifle was never adopted for military service. In this short note, the author examines the rifle’s development, patents, mechanical characteristics, and trials history.