Peruvian Journal of Agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Effects of foliar extracts of guaba (Inga edulis) and cadaghi (Corymbia torrelliana) on coffee (Coffea arabica ‘Caturra Roja’) under nursery conditions in Chanchamayo, Peru","authors":"W. Ojeda, R. Borjas, L. Alvarado, V. Castro-Cepero, A. Julca-Otiniano","doi":"10.21704/pja.v3i2.1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v3i2.1316","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the allelopathic effects of leaf extracts of the forest species guaba (Inga edulis) and cadaghi (Corymbia torrelliana) on coffee (Coffea arabica ‘Caturra Roja’) plants grown under nursery conditions in Chanchamayo, Peru. Different doses of fresh leaf extracts were applied to coffee plants using a completely randomized design, with four treatments for each forest species (T1 = 0‰, T2 = 10‰, T3 = 20‰, and T4 = 30‰) and 12 replicate plants per treatment. It was found that none of the foliar extracts had an allelopathic effect on coffee plants in terms of height, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry weight; however fresh weight was significantly altered following “cadaghi” treatment.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115668058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma radiosensitivity of coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. typica)","authors":"V. Quintana, L. Alvarado, D. Saravia, R. Borjas, V. Castro-Cepero, A. Julca-Otiniano, L. Gómez","doi":"10.21704/pja.v3i2.1317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v3i2.1317","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of gamma radiation on the germination, survival, and morphological damage in characteristics of the M1 generation of coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. typica) plants was evaluated using seeds collected from Santa Teresa and Chaupimayo, Peru. Under net house, the percentage of germination was 68%, 35%, 10%, and 0% for the Santa Teresa seeds and 75%, 49%, 17% and 0% for the Chaupimayo seeds with irradiation treatments of 0, 50, 100 and 150 Gy, respectively, whereas under laboratory conditions, germination levels were between 70% and 94% across all treatments. The survival rate also decreased with increasing radiation levels, with values of 45%, 32%, 28%, and 10% in the laboratory and 29%, 9%, 6%, and 0% in the net house for the Santa Teresa seeds and 58%, 45%, 38%, and 8% in the laboratory and 42%, 15%, 7%, and 0% in the net house for the Chaupimayo seeds with irradiation treatments of 0, 50, 100, and 150 Gy, respectively. Morphological changes were observed in the plants that survived irradiation at a dose of 100 Gy in terms of the leaf shape, leaf apex shape, young leaf color, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, and distance from the cotyledon to the first node.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127084668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple and Rapid Algorithm for Predicting Froghopper (Aeneolamia spp.) Population Increase in Sugarcane Fields based on Temperature and Relative Humidity","authors":"C. Martínez-Martínez, C. Somoza-Vargas","doi":"10.21704/pja.v3i2.1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v3i2.1314","url":null,"abstract":"In Integrated Pest Management practices, knowledge from multiple disciplines is incorporated to facilitate the understanding of a problem and the development a practical, feasible, and ecologically sustainable solution. A froghopper (Aeneolamia spp.) plague can trigger major economic losses in sugarcane plantations in countries such as El Salvador and others in Latin America. Losses are often due to a lack of understanding of the life cycle of a pest and the underestimation of its annual reproductive potential. An algorithm was developed to model the most relevant aspects of froghopper reproduction and its interactions with the environment, to facilitate the prediction of potential increases in adult populations and its propagation in fields. Data on several biological variables were collected as numerical measures and used to perform calculations based on a mathematical model designed particularly to simulate the reproduction of the pest, its economic threshold, and potential losses due to major natural events, with the aim of developing a tool that could support decision-making. The predictions of the tool were consistent with the findings of other studies in the field. The software and its installation instructions can be downloaded for free from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oUWTTbi lWMhoFuTH4wCKtuzjFwDd89/view","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield of five potato varieties in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIB)","authors":"A. Carrión, M. Tapia","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1281","url":null,"abstract":"The potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is important as both a food and a source of economic activity in Peru. However, potato production is limited by seed quality and other biotic and abiotic factors. We explore a new alternative method for producing prebasic seeds of Peruvian potato varieties known as temporary immersion bioreactors (BIT). The process of producing potato microtubers using BIT consists of two phases: proliferation and microtuberization. During the proliferation phase, we seeded six nodal segments of three nodes in a liquid culture medium with 30 g of sucrose under a photoperiod of 16 light hours and eight dark hours. This phase also included an irrigation cycle of five minutes every three hours for 30 days. During the microtuberization phase, the conditions were changed to a medium with 80 g of sucrose in darkness, and the same irrigation cycle was used for 60 days. Under these conditions we obtained 20, 18.4, 13.4, 13.4, and 4.6 microtubers of the varieties Peruanita, Canchan, Capiro, Unica, and Yungay, respectively.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125142228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropropagation of clonal lines of thorny artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)","authors":"E. Catacora, J. Olivera, Z. Ramos, Z. Alve, R. Pinedo","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1280","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro propagation ability of 10 clonal lines of thorny globe artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.). The study methodology comprised five stages of evaluation. The stages evaluated were initiation, multiplication, rooting, acclimatization, and transplant to the field. The study began with the initiation of dissected shoot tips of 10 clonal lines in test tubes containing the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Best results were obtained when explants were cultured on an induction medium containing MS + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1.0 mg l−1 + benzyl aminopurine (BA) 1.0 mg l−1, highlighting clonal lines L-250, L-132, and L-62. Because of high rates of vitrification and phenolization in the initial stage, clonal lines L-24, L-127, and L-142 were discarded from the study. Therefore, only seven clonal lines were included for evaluation in the multiplication stage. Once the microplants were obtained under laboratory condition in the culture medium, they were immediately transferred to a proliferation medium containing MS + BA 1.0 mg l−1. Only in three clonal lines (L-132, L-200, and L-250), a high multiplication rate (3.5 shoots/explant) was achieved with axillary bud formation. Of the seven clonal lines evaluated, clonal line L-250 achieved the highest rates in the variables shoot height (3.38 cm), number of leaves (13.4), and number of shoots/explant (4.4). In the rooting stage, clonal line L-250 obtained a significant improvement by transferring plantlets to direct acclimatization after 20 days of in vitro root induction in a medium containing MS + NAA 1.0 mg l−1. Similarly, in the acclimatization stage, the clonal line L-250 showed a significant result. Then, in the transplantation stage, the plants were transplanted to the field with 100% rooting; 30 days after the transplantation, the clonal line L-250 obtained 100% survival in the field than the control treatments (offspring from two locations were used – Mito and Alayo). As the rooting period is reduced by approximately 20 days by inducing direct root formation under greenhouse conditions, the micropropagation technique is optimized with the protocol used in this study.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"1988 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130758132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil insects associated with lucumo (Pouteria lucuma L.) trees in La Molina, Lima, Peru","authors":"C. Livia, G. Sánchez","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1279","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the composition and relative abundance of soil insects associated with lucumo ( Pouteria lucuma L.) trees growing in the agricultural fields of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina in Lima, Peru. In total, 12 pitfall traps were installed in a 5-ha lucumo field and samples were collected on a weekly basis for approximately 4 months (March–June). Insects in each sample were separated into morphotypes, and the number of individuals in each morphotype and date of collection were recorded. The collected insects were then identified at the Entomology Museum laboratory in Lima through comparison with museum samples and with the help of identification keys. Individuals in the orders Orthoptera (families Acrididae and Gryllidae), Dermaptera (Anisolabididae), Coleoptera (Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae, Scarabaeidae and Elateridae), Blattodea (Blatellidae) and Hymenoptera (Formicidae) were identified. Among the Coleoptera, Tetracha chilensis (Laporte, 1834) (Carabidae) was the most abundant species; furthermore, Staphylinidae of the subfamily Oxytelinae and the families Elateridae ( Conoderus spp.), Tenebrionidae ( Epitragopsis sp.) and Scarabaeidae ( Ataenius sp.) were identified. Additional taxa identified were as follow: Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775) (Gryllidae) in Orthoptera, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847) (Anisolabididae) in Dermaptera and Linepithema spp. in Hymenoptera.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive development of lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) under different soil moisture levels","authors":"M. Caballero, H. Caballero, G. Cobeña, C. Solórzano","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V2I3.1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V2I3.1228","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, citrus fruits dominate the worldwide production of all fruits. Because of its geographical position, Ecuador has favourable growing conditions for citrus fruit production and most of the country has favourable conditions for plants and their relationships with environmental conditions. The objective of the present research was to determine the reproductive phenology of lemon sutil ( Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) under varying soil moisture levels. A Database Configuration Assistant) using a Randomized Complete Block design as applied and four treatments and six repetitions were distributed as follows: treatment 1 [crop coefficient (Kc) 0.3], treatment 2 (Kc 0.5), treatment 3 (Kc 0.7) and treatment 4 (Kc 0.9). Fruit quality, skin and pulp weight, seed quantity, juice content, degree Brix and polar and equatorial diameter were evaluated, and the phenology was adjusted to BBCH scale coding. No statistically significant difference was found during the study that resulted from rains that homogenised the entire substrate and maintained soil moisture. We established that from the phenological phase of primordia to fruit harvest, there was an interval of 138–140 d wherein the average weight of the fruit (42.62 g) fluctuated according to the weight of the skin (7.65 g), weight of the pulp (34.73 g), number of seeds (5.05), amount of juice (14.36 mL), degrees Brix (5.5), polar and equatorial diameters (44.32 and 42.12 mm, respectively) and the titratable acidity (6.54%). We concluded that the Kcs proposed in the present research should be evaluated during the dry season because, in this investigation, irrigation was induced by Kc for only 2 months after the rains.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123826123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Cycle of the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in Broccoli and Cauliflower under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"C. Huaripata, G. Sánchez","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V3I1.1132","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to determine the biological cycle of Plutella xylostella (DBM), raised in broccoli var. Calabrese and cauliflower var. Snowball in laboratory conditions averaging 76.1 ° F and 65% RH. The mating of the moths was carried out in one-liter plastic containers and the postures were incubated inside 200 ml polypropylene cups, both covered with nets. To provide suitable food for larvae the plants were cultivated under cover to avoid infestation with pests. Fresh leaves were used to feed the larvae until pupation. The results were analyzed with the nonparametric statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis. The following biological parameters were obtained, reared with broccoli and cauliflower leaves respectively: incubation period 3 days; larval period 9.76 and 9.69 days; pupal period 5.1 and 5.3 days; biological cycle 19.5 and 19.9 days and 175 and 187 eggs as the capacity of oviposition of mated females. These results do not show significant statistical differences of the moth’s biological cycle between the two host plants.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124155297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural, biological and chemical control of the white rot fungus (Sclerotium cepivorum, Berk) in onions (Allium cepa) in Arequipa´s countryside","authors":"M. Gonzales, L. Mattos","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V2I3.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V2I3.1230","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was carried out at the province of Arequipa, to determine broccoli residual effects on the sclerotia population of Sclerotium cepivorum on the soil and determine the best fungicides and biocontrol agents on the biggest red onion production. In two field areas infected with Sclerotium cepivorum , soil samples were carried out to determine the number of sclerotia at the beginning and the end of the trial. One area received broccoli residues before treatment installation. The experiment had a laboratory and a field phase. The block design was used completely randomized (DBCA), using seven fungicide treatments (T1) control, Iprodione (T2), Thiabendazole (T3), Boscalid (T4), Carbendazim (T5), T harzianum (T6), Bacillus subtilis (T7). Both areas received the same treatments. The density of sclerotia in the soil was not significant between these areas. However, the addition of broccoli had lower percentages of incidence and severity and higher yields in all treatments. At the area that received broccoli, the Boscalid (T4) and the Iprodine (T2) fungicide were highlighted with 43.33 T/ha and 28.33 T/ha, respectively; the area without broccoli, the T4 with 38.33 T/ha and T2 with 25.56 T/ha. T5 (Carbendazim) had the lowest yield: 15.00 T/ha without broccoli and 19.58 T/ha with broccoli.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas of the rhizosphere of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) with biocontrol activity of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands isolated in the central coast of Peru","authors":"J. Mamani, L. Aragón","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V2I3.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V2I3.1231","url":null,"abstract":"In the rhizosphere, as the zone of biological activity, diversity of microorganisms can be found like bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas . They are characterized for controlling pathogens like Phytophthora cinnamomi , also to be promoters of growth. For this reason, in the present study, bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from the avocado rhizosphere of the provinces of Casma, Huaral, and Lima. A total of six strains (R2, R5, R7, R10, S10 and S6) were selected for evaluating their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In the in vitro test, strains S6 and S10 controlled 30.3 and 44 %, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions, Pseudomonas strains were inoculated on 4-month-old avocado cv. “Zutano” plants. Five months later, we evaluated the following variables: severity in roots, height increase, fresh root and leaf weight, and percentage of root and leaf dry matter. In greenhouse, the best strains in the control of P. cinnamomi were S6, R2, R7 and R10, controlling 55.2, 39.5, 33.7 and 31.0 %, respectively. In the increase of height, the strains S6, R2, R7 and R10 reached 11.4, 9.3, 7.6 and 5.1 cm, respectively. The percentage of dry matter of roots, strains S10, R10 and R7 obtained 29.6, 27.5 and 27.9 %, respectively. In this study, it was observed that although the application of Pseudomonas controls P. cinnamomi, it also induces the root and apical growth of avocado.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115934561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}