Peruvian Journal of Agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Control of Botrytis cinerea Pers. in ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma mandarin by biological and chemical fungicides in Huaura, Peru","authors":"Denis Paolo Cáceres Candia, A. Mendoza, P. Quiroz-Delgado, W. Apaza-Tapia","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V5I1.1670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V5I1.1670","url":null,"abstract":"The flowers blight caused by  Botrytis cinerea  Pers. is among the most important citrus diseases, especially in cultivars whose flowering coincides with the humid seasons of the year. As a result of the pathogenic features of this fungus and the complex nature of its control, it is necessary to establish a correct plan for the usage of highly efficient fungicides. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of four chemical fungicides, such as Captan (0.25%), Propineb (0.25%), Fludioxonil + Cyprodinil (0.05%), and Iprodione (0.15%); as well as the effect of a biological fungicide, such as  Melaleuca alternifolia  extract (0.1%), on  Botrytis cinerea  Pers. Two phases were established: the first, under laboratory conditions of Department of Plant Pathology of National Agrarian University-La Molina (UNALM), evaluated the effect on mycelial inhibition at 1, 3, and 7 days after inoculation with poisoned potato dextrose agar medium. The second, under field conditions (Sayan - Huaura), evaluated the effect on incidence of the disease in flowers. In the field condition, two applications, incidence, and humid chambers were evaluated. The yield was estimated by counting the fruits. The results showed that, under laboratory conditions, Captan, Fludioxonil + Cyprodinil, and Iprodione exhibited high efficacy in the control of B. cinerea. However, under field conditions, Fludioxonil + Cyprodinil and Iprodione exhibited a significant control of B. cinerea. A similar trend was obtained for the yield estimates.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114061084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) crop in Chavimochic Irrigation Project","authors":"Jorge Ramón Castillo Valiente, Susana Patricia Rodríguez Quispe, Walter Eduardo Apaza Tapia, A. Julca-Otiniano, Manuel Antonio Canto Saenz, Teresa Rosales Sanchez","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1645","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in the fields of the Chavimochic irrigation, located in La Libertad Region-Peru. Prodiplosis longifila Gagne (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) is considered the key pest of asparagus and other vegetables cultivation. This study aimed to characterize the presence of this insect pest in asparagus crop under drip irrigation conditions, in order to find the best alternatives for its control. The cultivar most planted in the Chavimochic Irrigation is cultivar UC 157 and that the meteorological conditions of the area are optimal for the production of asparagus; but also for the establishment and reproduction of the insect. The morphology of asparagus is favorable for reproduction of the insect, from larva to adult, since it frequently bracts and flowers at larval stage and establishs itself at the adult stage; at the base of the plant. All experiments conducted, had at least three repetitions and the results are given on average. The insect can have many hosts and an average biological cycle of 11 days, with the highest populations in the months of May and November. Throughout the day; the adult populations are very active from 10 pm to 4 am. The drip irrigation system provides better conditions for the establishment of the insect and its reproduction in the fields, as well as the design of double row sowing so water management becomes an important factor for managing its populations. From the 100% puparium that fell to the ground, only 37.95% emerged as adults. The percentage of damaged stems per linear meter can be 70.46 and healthy stems 29.54. The number of larvae per shoot can be from 68 to 489 while number of larvae per male flower can be from 2 to 7 individuals. There is a relationship between flowering and the number or pre-pupae fallen to the ground, but as the crop develops, the adult´s number decrease, but nevertheless is still aggressive and permanent.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of five eco-physiological parameters, to the application of potassium in sunflower (Asteraceae), under semi-arid climate","authors":"E. Díaz-López","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1650","url":null,"abstract":"In order to know the effect of three levels of potassium on five eco-physiological parameters in sunflower, open-pollinated achenes Victory cultivar, were sown at a density of 11.08 plants m-2 with a fertilization of 100N-50P kg ha-1 N=nitrogen, P= phosphorous, K= potassium. Traits evaluated were: agronomic yield, leaf area index, light attenuation coefficient and intercepted radiation. The treatments consisted of three potassium levels: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 (K2O) and four repetitions (3x4) resulting in 12 experimental units, which were evaluated under a randomized complete block design. The results indicate that the application of 50 and 100 kg ha-1 of potassium increase the agronomic yield, leaf area index, intercepted radiation as well as the light attenuation coefficient. From this investigation it can be concluded, that potassium is a very important nutrient for sunflower when it is sown in dry climates such as the Tehuacan valley, Puebla.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection and morphological characterization of 149 accessions of achiote (Bixa orellana L.) from seven departments in Perú","authors":"Juan Nolasco-Chumpitaz, Paul Ccoyllo-Llacsa, Gabriela Koc-Sanchez, Percy Medina-Morales","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1341","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to characterize and identify groups of achiote (Bixa orellana L.) with characteristics related to increased yield and bixin content. A total of 149 achiote accessions were collected from the departments of Loreto, San Martin, Junin, Pasco, Huanuco, Ucayali, and Cusco, in Peru. These were then evaluated using ten quantitative and three qualitative capsule and seed descriptors. Undesirable characteristics such as high spinosity and dehiscence predominated, while none of the quantitative descriptors correlated significantly with bixin content. Principal component analysis indicates that the quantitative descriptors (except for bixin content) are statistically significant, forming four clusters. Notably, one of the clusters included accessions characterized by heavy seeds, and another cluster included accessions with high number of seeds and bixin content.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128818883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): A threat in crop production in Africa and Asia","authors":"Kripa Adhikari, S. Bhandari, L. Dhakal, Jiban Shrestha","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1495","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), el gusano cogollero (FAW) es una plaga de cultivos con mas de 80 especies hospedadoras que causan graves danos a los cereales de maiz. El gusano cogollero, originario de la region tropical y subtropical de America, se ha extendido rapidamente por todo el mundo. Las larvas y los adultos del gusano cogollero danan las hojas jovenes, los verticilos de las hojas, las borlas o las mazorcas del maiz. Bajo una fuerte infestacion de gusano cogollero se produce una perdida de rendimiento del 50-80% en la cosecha de maiz. Esta plaga es capaz de reproducirse, migrar y alimentarse rapidamente de una gran variedad de plantas hospedantes, lo que dificulta su seguimiento. Sin embargo, hay varias medidas de control reportadas en varios paises. El manejo integrado de plagas (cultural, quimico y biologico) se usa ampliamente para controlar esta plaga. Debido a que la plaga se ha vuelto resistente a muchos insecticidas, no se recomienda su uso en las etapas iniciales de la infestacion. Pero, la ultima opcion para este manejo de plagas seriamente infestadas es el uso de pesticidas por debajo del umbral economico. Esta revision se centra en la distribucion de insectos, la biologia, el dano del maiz y las posibles estrategias para su manejo.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128933624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marker-assisted selection: a biotechnological approach for precision plant breeding","authors":"S. Shrestha, S. Subedi, J. Shrestha","doi":"10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/PJA.V4I3.1490","url":null,"abstract":"Plant breeders and geneticists use molecular marker-assisted selection also called as MAS as a useful approach for breeding of plant to make selection more efficient and speed up the breeding cycle. MAS can be more efficient, effective, and reliable than phenotypic selection.  Molecular markers are useful to identify the economically important traits in the breeding population for further manipulation in a short time. Due to the applicability of markers at the seedling stage ensuring high precision at the reduced level of cost, marker-assisted selection offer the chances to improve responses from selection. The MAS using DNA level polymorphism accelerate the pace of selection. The main marker technologies applied are chiefly co-dominant markers i.e. microsatellite markers/SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) marker, RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) marker and SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms). This review overviews the various MAS technologies and their applications in crop improvement programs.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133943697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and microbiological quality of honeys produced by stingless bees Scaptotrigona polysticta, Melipona illota and Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae: Meliponini) in San Martín, Peru","authors":"M. Marconi, Javier Ormeño Luna, C. Giove","doi":"10.21704/pja.v4i2.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i2.1541","url":null,"abstract":"The honeys from stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) are recognized for their medicinal properties. They are commonly used by many indigenous groups around the world. However, in Peru stingless beekeeping is practiced in an artisanal way and the honeys remain products whose qualities are still little studied. The objective of this work was to analyze physicochemical characteristics and microbiological quality of honeys produced by Scaptotrigona polysticta Moure, Melipona illota Cockerell and Tetragonisca angustula Latreille in apiaries of department of San Martin, Peru. In June and November 2019, 30 honey samples were collected from 24 colonies housed in two apiaries in the towns of Tarapoto and Chasuta. Significant differences (p 10 CFU / mL) according Peruvian sanitary norm № 071-Minsa/Digesa-V.01, in 30 and 50% of the samples of S. polysticta and T. angustula, respectively. These results contribute to the knowledge of the stingless bee honeys of Peru providing important references for the quality standard setting process and the advancement of stingless beekeeping.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology and control of Gypsophila paniculata L. stem base rot in the Caraz Valley, Ancash","authors":"R. Aguilar-Anccota, L. Mattos-Calderon","doi":"10.21704/pja.v4i1.1461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i1.1461","url":null,"abstract":"Gypsophila is an ornamental plant whose flowers are economically important, which is cultivated in the Callejon de Huaylas valley-Ancash. Recently, cultivated Gypsophila fields have shown diseased plants characterized by stem base rot, which has been followed by a reduction in vigor and the collapse and death of plants. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to describe the symptomatology of the disease, identify the causative agent of the disease, and prove how effective fungicides and biological control agents (BCA) are in controlling the disease using in vitro and field experiments. To isolate the pathogen, symptomatic plant tissue samples were washed, cut into small pieces, disinfected in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 min, rinsed twice with sterilized water, and air-dried on paper towels. The samples were seeded on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar media and incubated at 25 °C. A pathogenicity test was conducted in healthy Gypsophila seedlings, which were grown in a sterilized substrate, using mechanical inoculation on the stem base and agar disks colonized by the pathogen-mycelium. Then the pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic inoculated Gypsophila seedlings. The “poisoned medium” technique was used to conduct the in vitro fungicide test, while the “dual method” was used to conduct the bio controller’s test. The results of the pathogenicity test and in vitro and field experiments showed that Rhizoctonia solani is the causative agent of the stem base Gypsophila disease, and at both assayed doses, the fungicides Rovral, Benopoint, Parachupadera, Vitavax, and Homai completely inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. Moreover, the BCAs Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride showed higher in vitro growth rates than R. solani and completely colonized the pathogen-mycelium. Under field conditions, the incidence of the disease in field plots treated with T. harzianum was 12.5% lower than in the control treatment, which showed 51.28% incidence of the disease. In addition, Gypsophila plants harvested from plots treated with T. harzianum exhibited higher numbers of flower stalks per plant and a higher fresh weight compared to the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128172578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Salvia splendens ‘Red Vista’ be used in association with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices for the assisted phytoextraction of lead from the soil in Lima, Peru?","authors":"E. Vicente, L. Tello","doi":"10.21704/pja.v3i2.1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v3i2.1313","url":null,"abstract":"In Peru, gasoline containing lead as a main component was used in vehicles up until 2006, when the Government banned its sale. However, since this was preceded by a century of constant use, there is a high chance that most urban soils are polluted with this heavy metal. Hyperaccumulator plants that take up heavy metals from the soil and store them in their tissues without showing any symptoms of toxicity may be the solution to this problem, as the use of these plants for phytoremediation does not require large amounts of money, can be carried out in situ, and is environmentally friendly, making it one of the best options for urban areas. However, unfortunately, there are only a few known species of hyperaccumulator plants that can be grown in urban environments. Therefore, we conducted a bioassay at the Soil Fertility Laboratory of the Agronomy Faculty at the National Agrarian University La Molina, Peru, over a period of   4 months to determine the hyperaccumulation capacity of Salvia splendens ‘Red Vista’ and to examine whether the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices can enhance the extraction of lead from the soil. After harvest, the plants were divided into three parts (roots, leaves, and inflorescences) to determine the concentrations of lead in the various tissues. We found that S. splendens ‘Red Vista’ did not accumulate high amounts of lead in its tissues even when it was associated with G. intraradices and consequently should not be considered for use in phytoextraction.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126444031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and control of the causal agent of leaf spot in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) under greenhouse conditions","authors":"C. Orellana, L. Mattos","doi":"10.21704/pja.v3i2.1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v3i2.1315","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) plants showing symptoms of leaf spot were found in the producing areas of Manchay Bajo, Pachacamac District, Lima, Peru. The responsible pathogen was isolated and observed under a microscope to examine its morphological characteristics and the size of its structures, resulting in its identification as the fungus Corynespora cassiicola. Healthy strawberry plants that had been inoculated with C. cassiicola in a greenhouse developed lesions after 3 days and exhibited symptoms consisting of dark brown spots that had light brown centers and were surrounded by yellow halos, which coalesced and subsequently caused necrosis of the whole leaf. In vitro tests demonstrated that the fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 showed antagonistic activity against C. cassiicola, causing 41.8% mycelial growth inhibition, and the fungicides fosetyl-aluminum (Aliette®) and thiabendazole (Mertect®a) inhibited mycelial growth by 100.00% and 96.32%, respectively. However, in vivo, 0.75 g/L of the fungicide azoxystrobim (Stronsil®) gave the best control of C. cassiicola and the lowest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), followed by 1.5 mL/L of thiabendazole (Mertect) under greenhouse conditions. The isolate was found to be pathogenic, and its morphological identification was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134570684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}