Peruvian Journal of Agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Modificación de la dinámica de la flora ción en piña (Ananas comosus L.) cv. ‘MD2’ por la acción de la aviglicina en la selva central del Perú","authors":"Segundo Bello-Amez, R. Borjas-Ventura, Leonel Alvarado-Huamán, Noel Bello-Medina, Diana Rebaza-Fernández, Castro-Cepero Castro-Cepero, A. Julca-Otiniano","doi":"10.21704/pja.v6i1.1863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i1.1863","url":null,"abstract":"La piña (Ananas comosus) es una especie muy cultivada en diferentes países tropicales. Sin embargo, su floración natural es un evento fisiológico que puede dificultar la labor de cosecha, trayendo consigo problemas económicos. En tal sentido, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la Aviglicina sobre la floración de piña cv. ‘MD2’ en la selva central del Perú. Se estudiaron tres dosis (150 mg · L-1, 250 mg · L-1 y 350 mg · L-1) de Aviglicina (AVG) (producto comercial Retain 15 %), con 6 y 11 aplicaciones. En general, los resultados confirman la aparición de floración natural (FN) en condiciones de Satipo. Las altas dosis de AVG (250 mg · L-1 y 350 mg · L-1) inhibieron la aparición de las inflorescencias durante casi todas las evaluaciones, especialmente con once aplicaciones comparadas con el tratamiento sin AVG ni TIF (Tratamiento de inducción floral) (FN). Asimismo, FN presentó tres periodos con tasas relativa de aparición de inflorescencias (TRAI) diferentes, siendo la primera la que tuvo mayor TRAI y mayor duración (42 días). Finalmente, se concluye que la aplicación de AVG tuvo un efecto significativo en el retardo de la aparición de las inflorescencias, motivo por el cual se sugiere su aplicación en el cultivo de piña. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios para seguir profundizando el conocimiento sobre el manejo de este regulador de crecimiento.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128838490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Biofertilizers in crop production: A review","authors":"Barsha Sharma, Laxmeshwar Yadav, M. Pandey, Jiban Shrestha","doi":"10.21704/pja.v6i1.1864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i1.1864","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritious foods are needed for the continuously growing population together with the nutrient for plant growth and production. Inorganic chemical-based fertilizers have been base and are used heavily in today’s soil management procedures, posing serious health and environmental concern. Biofertilizer has been recognized as a reasonable solution for improving soil fertility and crop output in sustainable farming. The use of beneficial microorganisms as biofertilizers has escalated its importance in the agricultural industry due to its potential significance in food safety and sustainable crop production. Biofertilizers can be a valuable component of a comprehensive nutrient management strategy. Overall, nitrogen fixers (N-fixers), potassium and phosphorus solubilizers, growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), endo and ectomycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria, and other beneficial microscopic organisms are incorporated into biofertilizers. Utilizing bio-fertilizers, enhance nutrient and water uptake, plant development, and plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic impacts. These prospective biological fertilizers would play a essential role in soil production and sustainability and also in environmental protection, being eco-friendly and cost-effective inputs for farmers.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114626077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustentabilidad de fincas agroecológicas en Toacaso, Cotopaxi-Ecuador","authors":"J. Pacheco-Jimenez, O. Ortiz-Oblitas","doi":"10.21704/pja.v6i1.1766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i1.1766","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las consecuencias de la adopción en términos de sustentabilidad social, ambiental, económica y general de sistemas de producción agroecológicos de la parroquia de Toacaso. Para determinar los indicadores se utilizó la metodología propuesta por Sarandón (2002), considerando las dimensiones económica, social, cultural y ambiental y se adaptó la metodología propuesta por Ortiz y Pradel (2009) en la evaluación de impactos en programas de Manejo Integrado de Plagas, se realizó encuestas con preguntas alusivas a las consecuencias sociales, económicas y ambientales, dirigida a 44 agricultores agroecológicos y 44 a productores convencionales en la parroquia Toacaso. Adicionalmente, se identificó como tratamiento “control” a una muestra de 44 productores convencionales tomados en la parroquia Mulaló, lo que permitió realizar una comparación con y sin adopción de prácticas agroecológicas. De las 44 unidades productivas que implementaron el sistema de producción agroecológica el 27,27% alcanzaron sustentabilidad general, el índice promedio de sustentabilidad general fue de 2,16, 86,36% alcanzo sustentabilidad ambiental, el 47,72% sustentabilidad económica, y el 47,73% tienen sustentabilidad social.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128858196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidencia de las enfermedades foliares en los sistemas agroforestales de Yurimaguas, Perú","authors":"L. Aragón, H. Huarhua, M. Cerna, J. Flores, F. Dueñas, C. P. Lao, R. Solís, J. Alegre","doi":"10.21704/pja.v6i1.1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i1.1733","url":null,"abstract":"Un sistema agroforestal (SAF) se caracteriza por tener una diversidad de componentes como especies forestales maderables y no maderables, así como cultivos, pastos o un sistema de producción ganadera. Esta diversidad de componentes en el sistema reduce la intensidad de las enfermedades, por ejemplo, las foliares. Los objetivos fueron detectar los microorganismos fúngicos asociados a las manchas foliares de las especies vegetales que forman parte de los sistemas de producción agroforestal de los agricultores de Yurimaguas (Loreto) que participaron en el SLA y determinar el nivel de incidencia de las manchas foliares en los sistemas de producción agroforestal. En estas fincas se implementaron diferentes sistemas de cultivo de la tierra, como la palma (Bactris gasipaes) para producir palmitos y cacao (Theobroma cacao), incluyendo el plátano (Mussa sp.). También, sistemas silvopastoriles con especies maderables de crecimiento rápido y lento y ganado con pastos para el pastoreo y la reforestación en áreas de bosques secundarios en estado de degradación. Se realizó la prospección, recolección y determinación de la incidencia de las enfermedades en cada finca, y posteriormente se identificaron con métodos moleculares utilizando los cebadores ITS 1 e ITS 4. Los síntomas que se observaron, predominantemente, fueron manchas foliares en cacao (patrón), palma y plátano. No se observaron síntomas de marchitamiento, decaimiento o podredumbre. La incidencia se evaluó en dos periodos de recolección (2018 y 2019). Los hongos aislados de las manchas foliares fueron Pestalotiopsis sydowiana y Colletotrichum siamense como agentes causantes de las manchas foliares en palma y cacao, y Mycosphaerella fijiensis en plátano. Al determinar la incidencia desde abril de 2018 hasta octubre de 2019, se observó una disminución de este parámetro para las fincas con palma, especialmente en aquellas donde la implementación consistió en mejorar el sistema de producción a través de la fertilización con base en los requerimientos del cultivo. Se concluyó que la mayor intensidad de enfermedades foliares se presentó en los sistemas agrícolas con monocultivo de palma con un 100 % al inicio de la evaluación, y para los sistemas agroforestales en el prototipo silvopastoril, solo se detectó en un rango de 0 % a 25 %.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114505234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Chloridia virescens (Noctuidae) in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to promote sustainable cultivation in Peru: A Review","authors":"Mónica Narrea Cango, Elías Huanuqueño Coca, J. O. Dilas-Jiménez, Jhon Anthony Vergara Copacondori","doi":"10.21704/pja.v6i1.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i1.1893","url":null,"abstract":"Se realizó una revisión de la literatura actual y específica para elaborar una propuesta de manejo de Chloridia virescens en el cultivo del arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), desarrollando estrategias en cada componente del Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP), incluyendo el Control Cultural, el Control Etológico, el Control Biológico y el Control Químico (PBUA y PQUA). Asimismo, se proponen pasos en el mejoramiento genético para la resistencia cuantitativa del arándano a esta plaga (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) utilizando parientes silvestres de este cultivo como fuente de genes de resistencia.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116645351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rentabilidad de las estrategias de gestión de riesgos agrícolas para la resiliencia a los choques climáticos en el estado de Níger, Nigeria","authors":"Adedayo Olufemi Adekunle, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Segun Bamidele Fakayode, Morolake Bolaji","doi":"10.21704/pja.v6i3.1966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i3.1966","url":null,"abstract":"La capacidad de un sistema, comunidad o sociedad expuesta a peligros para resistir, absorber, adaptarse y recuperarse de los efectos de un peligro de manera oportuna y eficiente se denomina resiliencia. En este estudio, utilizamos datos de una encuesta transversal reciente de 293 hogares agrícolas en el estado de Níger, Nigeria, para examinar la rentabilidad de las estrategias de gestión de riesgos para la resiliencia a los choques climáticos. Se examinó el análisis de beneficio-costo de las estrategias de mitigación donde se utilizaron como reglas de decisión la relación costo-beneficio (BCR) y el valor actual neto (VAN). Las estrategias de mitigación más utilizadas fueron los cultivos tolerantes a la sequía (62.8 %), la diversificación de cultivos (60.8 %), las existencias reguladoras (54.6 %) y la agricultura de estación seca (41.3 %). El resultado mostró que alrededor del 52 % de los hogares muestreados tenían seguridad alimentaria, mientras que el 48 % de ellos tenían inseguridad alimentaria. El resultado mostró que el cultivo de arroz de estación seca tuvo el mayor beneficio neto (BN) y VPN ($ 199.98) mientras que el maíz de secano ($ 35.01) y el arroz 0 tuvieron el menor VPN; el resultado mostró el VPN para cultivos tolerantes a la sequía: yuca ($ 170.25), mijo ($ 101.58) y sorgo ($ 96.43). El estudio recomienda que los hogares se dediquen al cultivo de arroz en la estación seca y cultiven cultivos tolerantes a la sequía, como la yuca, el mijo y el sorgo. Los gobiernos deberían invertir, investigar y mejorar cultivos tolerantes a la sequía para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y la resiliencia de los hogares.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115377109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of seedling thickness on the production and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) ‘Santa Rita’ in Arequipa, Peru","authors":"Diego Almeyda Carbajal, A. V. Casas Díaz, Mirna Zuzunaga Bedón","doi":"10.21704/pja.v5i3.1845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v5i3.1845","url":null,"abstract":"Onion crop begins with seedling preparation and finishes with transplanting. In some Peruvian onion-productive areas, it is assumed that seedling thickness is important to have a better yield. Four different seedling thickness of red onion (Allium cepa L.) were evaluated between February and June 2017 in Santa Rita de Siguas, Arequipa, Peru. The seedling thicknesses evaluated were very thin (2.00 mm – 3.49 mm), thin (3.50 mm – 4.99 mm), standard (5.00 mm – 6.49 mm) and thick (6.50 mm – 7.99 mm). The plant density was 340 000 plants ha−1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four treatments and five replications. The variables evaluated were plant height (cm), leaf number, stemlike diameter (mm), bulb diameter (mm), total yield (t ha−1), and marketable yield categories (t ha−1). The leaf number, plant height, and stemlike diameter among treatments were significantly different, with higher values in the “standard” and “thick” treatments up to 60 days after transplanting. The harvest was earlier in the “standard” and “thick” treatments. The “very thin” and “thin” treatments needed more days to harvest than the others. The “thin” treatment showed the highest total yield. There were no significant differences between marketable yield categories in all treatments. It was concluded that seedling thickness upon transplanting influences the yield under the conditions in this study.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134468222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of avocado root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi with different Trichoderma strains at Chavimochic Irrigation Project","authors":"Paul Gastañadui, Rocío Moreno, P. Quiroz-Delgado, W. Apaza-Tapia","doi":"10.21704/pja.v5i3.1846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v5i3.1846","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the main problems affecting avocado (Persea americana) cultivation in Peru, especially at the Chavimochic Irrigation Project. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Trichoderma strains on the control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Zutano rootstock under greenhouse conditions. Five isolates of Trichoderma were tested: Trichoderma sp. (Chav01); Trichoderma harzianum (Chavo2); Trichoderma harzianum (UNALM01); Trichoderma viride (UNALM02); and a commercial strain of Trichoderma sp. Evaluations were performed at 30, 45, and 60 days. All isolates colonized the rhizosphere of the avocado. No relation was found between the formation of more Trichoderma colonies and Phytophthora improved control. All strains controlled the root rot, but Chav01 and Chav02 showed the greatest diameter of stem, dry matter in the root, and percentage of healthy root in comparison with UNALM01, UNALM02, and the commercial strain. Thus, the native isolates of Trichoderma from the Chavimochic area can be added to the list of potential new Trichoderma species to control Phytophthora cinnamomi.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114152803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional knowledge regarding entomophagy in San Martín, Peruvian Amazon","authors":"A. Cerna, D. Vecco-Giove, M. Doria, H. Panduro, J. Rojas, P. García, M. Corazon-Guivin, B. Sangama, J. Macêdo, M. Ubeda, J. Maes","doi":"10.21704/pja.v5i2.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v5i2.1773","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of insects is a widespread practice among indigenous or native peoples of the Amazon. To assess the knowledge of the diversity of resources for entomophagy from the perspective of these peoples, testimonies or references about knowledge and feeding traditions of 100 people were collected in 37 localities in seven provinces of the department of San Martín in the basin of the Huallaga River. One cumulative species curve and the probability function of new species were estimated, then the probability of not finding a new species (99.5 %) to n100 was determined. The specimens that were captured in the field (54 %) were compared with representative specimens and databases, and the information provided by the participants was analysed to approximate the preliminary taxonomic locations of the remaining part of the sample. We found 46 resources for entomophagy and reported for first time in the Peruvian Amazon, the feeding with Chrysophora chrysochlora, Podalia sp., Lusura chera, and Cymothoidae, among others. Entomophagy is a deeply rooted practice in the native and riverine populations of the Huallaga basin, where Rhynchophorus palmarum, Rhinostomus barbirostris, Atta cephalotes sspp. and Brassolis sophorae were the most consumed for 78 % – 97 % of people. The least consumed species have the common characteristic of being scarce and they were part of the diet of the oldest segment in previous decades. At least 10 resources ceased to be consumed by the members of the sample. In addition to nutritional potential, the diversity of edible arthropod fauna represents complementary values for community health and cultural identity; however, most of these resources (87 %) are threatened and could disappear in brief time, as is the knowledge related to their use.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132202100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of stem-end rot on the canopy in ‘Hass’ avocado trees in two coastal areas in Peru","authors":"Alejandro Kepler Llanos Melo, W. Apaza-Tapia","doi":"10.21704/pja.v5i2.1771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v5i2.1771","url":null,"abstract":"Stem-end rot (SER) of avocado is caused by several fungal species, and it is presented worldwide. This plant disease currently affects several avocado producer regions in Peru, causing fruit rot, impacting the industry negatively. Research about SER distribution in the canopy of avocado trees is limited. Thus, the present study aimed to compare which areas in the canopy are prone to have more SER in ‘Hass’ avocado harvested fruit in two different coastal areas in Peru. The experiment was conducted in the northern (Barranca) and southern (Cañete) of Lima. ‘Hass’Avocado fruits from both producer areas were collected to identify the causal agent; Lasiodiplodia theobromae was isolated from infected fruits. Identification was conducted based on morphological features and a partial DNA sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α). The results showed that fruits inside the tree canopy were prone to have a higher disease incidence than the fruits located in the external site (P<0.001). Besides, internal-site fruits displayed a higher percentage of infected fruit for each grade disease (P<0.001) than external-site fruits, except for grade 0 (fruits without symptoms) and grade 1. Finally, the results suggested that the altitude where the fruit is positioned on the canopy could influence the incidence of SER, where fruits located in the high part revealed less incidence than the low section. The results are valuable for enhancing management strategies and avoiding postharvest loss of avocado fruits in our region.","PeriodicalId":283246,"journal":{"name":"Peruvian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133239038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}