Combustion and Flame最新文献

{"title":"Real-time visualization of aluminum particle combustion in solid composite propellant at motor conditions: agglomeration, bubbling, explosion and pressure effects","authors":"Sen Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Qiyue Hou ,&nbsp;Dafu Zhou ,&nbsp;Hang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanqi Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Yongjun Deng ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum (Al) particles are widely used as energetic additives in propellants, pyrotechnics, and explosives due to their high energy density and ability to enhance performance. However, the agglomeration of Al during combustion can reduce efficiency, often causing the performance of metalized propellants to fall significantly short of theoretical expectations. Consequently, elucidating the detailed combustion behaviors and underlying mechanisms of Al particles is critical for the design and enhancement of high-performance propellants. The highly transient nature of propellant combustion, accompanied by violent reactions and intense luminescence, makes capturing its internal dynamics particularly challenging. This study integrates in-situ high-speed synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast imaging with combustion experiments at motor conditions to systematically investigate the combustion of Al particles within a hydroxyl‑terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)–based solid composite propellant. Experiments were conducted at environmental pressures ranging from 1.2 to 5.1 MPa. We examine the effects of pressure on combustion properties, Al agglomeration, particle size distributions, and the nucleation and explosion of bubbles within molten Al particles. Key phenomena such as droplet oscillation, bubble coalescence, and explosion are analyzed. Our results reveal that internal bubbles nucleate at the liquid metal-oxide interface and remain confined to this interface during subsequent growth, coalescence, and explosion. A comprehensive model of Al particle combustion is proposed, outlining both general and pressure-dependent behaviors. These findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of Al combustion in propellants but also provide critical insights for controlling particle behavior and designing high-performance metalized solid composite propellants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114919"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on heat release distribution during supersonic combustion","authors":"Kaiyan Jin ,&nbsp;Jianbin Li ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhan Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The operation performance of scramjets is largely dependent on heat release distribution in combustor. An experiment on supersonic combustion is conducted using a direct-connected facility. The CH* chemiluminescence and schlieren images are captured synchronously to identify the heat release characteristic and quantify its intensity. With the increase in fuel injection strength and equivalence ratio, three distinct heat release modes are sequentially observed: boundary-layer (BL) mode, long-distance-distributed (LDD) mode, and short-distance-concentrated (SDC) mode. Heat release under BL mode is characterized by a stable region, weak intensity, and low-frequency oscillation. SDC mode exhibits an intense heat release with significant oscillation. LDD mode can be considered as a transition between BL and SDC modes. A regime diagram is developed based on chemical kinetics and flow separation theory. This allows for a quantificational distinction between different modes. Furthermore, a one-dimensional heat release rate distribution model is proposed based on a quasi-Gaussian function. This model integrates both heat release intensity and its spatial range, providing a comprehensive and accurate representation of heat release rate distribution. The verification results indicate that the current model can accurately replicate the heat release rate distribution observed in both experimental and numerical studies. When coupled with the quasi-one-dimensional flow equations, the current model exhibits significant potential for evaluating operation performance and optimizing design of scramjets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114876"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical study of H-abstraction reactions of DMM by NH2/NO/NO2 and kinetic modeling on combustion of DMM/NH3 mixtures","authors":"Mingwei Gong ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Lidong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The H-abstraction reactions of dimethoxymethane (DMM, CH₃OCH₂OCH₃) by amino (NH₂)/nitric oxide (NO)/nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) are investigated in this work to improve the combustion kinetic modeling of DMM/ammonia (NH₃) mixtures. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) for these reactions are obtained by employing the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06–2X/6–311G(d,p) method. The related rate constants are calculated based on conventional transition state theory (CTST) and rigid rotor harmonic oscillator (RRHO) assumptions within the temperature range of 300–2000 K. The role of DMM+NH₂/NO/NO₂ reactions in DMM/NH₃ combustion is quantified via laminar burning velocity (LBVs), ignition delay times (IDTs), and species concentration profiles simulations, revealing their impact on flame stabilization and ignition kinetics. The updated kinetic modeling accurately predicts experimental LBVs across DMM blending ratios of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, and 100 %. Compared to the earlier kinetic modeling, the updated mechanism predicts shorter ignition delay times (IDTs) for DMM/NH₃ blends (5–50 % DMM) across 1–10 bar, equivalence ratio (ϕ) of 0.5, and 1193–1852 K, indicating enhanced treatment of key H-abstraction reactions (DMM+NH₂/NO/NO₂). Additionally, the model validation is extended to species evolution in flow reactors, further confirming the reliability of the kinetic scheme. This study establishes critical rate constants for DMM/NH₃ combustion kinetics while providing a foundational framework for investigating polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE, also known as OME)/NH₃ mixture combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114885"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the spatial structure and intermittency of soot in a lab-scale gas turbine combustor: Insights from large-eddy simulations","authors":"Leonardo Pachano ,&nbsp;Daniel Mira ,&nbsp;Abhijit Kalbhor ,&nbsp;Jeroen van Oijen","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a numerical investigation of soot formation in the Cambridge lab-scale gas turbine combustor. Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a swirl-stabilized ethylene flame are performed using the flamelet generated manifold method coupled with a discrete sectional model to account for soot formation, growth, and oxidation. The study aims to elucidate the mechanism governing the spatial structure and intermittency of soot, supported by comparisons with experimental data. The predicted soot distribution agrees well with measurements, with peak concentrations near the bluff body. Flow recirculation is identified as the key mechanism driving soot accumulation in fuel-rich regions, where surface reactions dominate soot mass growth. Soot intermittency arises from fluctuations in the flow field driven by interactions between the flame front and the recirculation vortex. Two soot modeling approaches are evaluated, differing in their treatment of soot model quantities: the first approach employs on-the-fly computation of source terms (FGM-C), while the second uses fully pre-tabulated source terms (FGM-T). Their predictive performance and computational cost are compared in the context of unsteady, sooting flames in swirl-stabilized combustors.</div><div><strong>Novelty and Significance Statement</strong></div><div>This paper offers detailed insights into soot production within a swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustor by employing a framework that couples Flamelet Generated Manifold chemistry with a Discrete Sectional Method for soot formation. Notably, this study provides a detailed characterization of flow-soot interactions, revealing the mechanism that governs the spatial structure of soot within the Cambridge rich-quench-lean combustor. Furthermore, it presents the first numerical investigation of soot intermittency in this turbulent flame configuration. This study also constitutes the first direct evaluation of the FGM-T formulation with soot section clustering in comparison with the more detailed FGM-C formulation within a lab-scale gas turbine combustor, offering insight into their respective predictive performance and computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114891"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A general probabilistic approach for the analysis of cycle-to-cycle variations in internal combustion engines","authors":"Linus Engelmann ,&nbsp;Matthias Ihme ,&nbsp;Andreas Kempf ,&nbsp;Benjamin Böhm","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) present a major challenge in designing efficient and clean spark-ignition engines by introducing fluctuations in power and pollutant output, thereby complicating optimization. Identifying the specific flow and mixture conditions that control CCV remains difficult due to their interconnected nature. This study introduces the Wasserstein metric for analyzing CCV directly from flow variables obtained from particle image velocimetry measurements via probabilistic reconstruction. The Wasserstein metric is applied to the turbulent kinetic energy, as well as horizontal and vertical velocity components on the tumble plane, with local evaluations near the spark plug across crank angle pairs during compression. Correlation analysis links flow field evolution to the Wasserstein metric, enabling a probabilistic interpretation of CCV. It is shown that conditional phase-averaging using extreme Wasserstein values yields flow fields and flame structures that closely resemble those from pressure-based conditioning, validating the ability of the probabilistic approach to represent key CCV characteristics. Moreover, differences in the Wasserstein metric during compression indicate its potential for identification of fast and slow combustion events early in the cycle.</div><div><strong>Novelty and Significance</strong></div><div>This work introduces the Wasserstein metric, evaluated from measured in-cylinder flow variables on the tumble plane, as a probabilistic method for CCV analysis in spark-ignition engines. Its significance is that the Wasserstein metric is derived solely from measurable flow variables and can be directly related to cycle outcomes prior to flame propagation. This connection is established by conditioning the Wasserstein metric on the maximum cylinder pressure. The results demonstrate that the Wasserstein metric provides direct insights into flame-propagation-based CCV indicators. While, from a mathematical standpoint, the proposed methodology imposes no restrictions on numerical or experimental data, this work focuses on its application to flow variables obtained from measurements that resolve large-scale flow structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114911"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame instability and combustion noise of premixed flames in a backward-facing step burner with a variable configuration","authors":"Ji Hun Yeo,&nbsp;Nam Il Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of configurational length scales on flame instability and combustion noise were investigated using a new backward-facing step (BFS) burner for which the nozzle and step widths can vary. Premixed methane and propane flames could be formed in either an attached mode or a lifted mode. The characteristics of combustion noise were examined in relation to various parameters. It was found that more significant combustion noise occurred in the attached mode when the step width induced a specific velocity gradient. The first harmonic frequency differed from the acoustic resonance, and the flame-flow interactions could be visualized using the ensemble-averaged PIV method. A simultaneous comparison between the flow field and flame behaviors can explain the flame dynamics. Pressure in the combustion space is determined by friction in the channel and is influenced by the fluctuating flame, resulting in oscillations in the nozzle velocity. The Rayleigh criterion could be met by the retarded flame response to the oscillating nozzle flow velocity, which could be explained by flame rolling and growing within the oscillating shear layer. In contrast, in the lifted flame mode, flame oscillation and combustion noise were enhanced at a specific step width of approximately 4 mm. There was a flow recirculation zone, which strongly interacts with the edge of the flames.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114890"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pressure on radiative losses in hot, warm, and cool microgravity spherical diffusion flames","authors":"Kendyl A. Waddell ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Dietrich ,&nbsp;Vedha Nayagam","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the effects of ambient pressure on radiative heat losses in hot, warm, and cool microgravity spherical diffusion flames using a numerical model and compares the results to observations from microgravity experiments. The experimental data was obtained during droplet combustion experiments, and the numerical model simulates burner-supported flames. The similarities in the gas phase between the two configurations allow these simulations to provide accurate insights into the experimental results. The model uses a statistical narrow-band model that includes emission and reabsorption. The effect as pressure was varied between 0.5 and 10 atm on the relative radiation contributions from CO₂ and H₂O, the primary radiating species, was examined. As the pressure increased H₂O contributed more to radiative loss than CO₂ in both the experiments and computations. This was determined to be caused by increased absorption coefficients leading to increased reabsorption at higher pressures. Calculations performed without reabsorption did not see this effect, confirming it is due to the optically thick nature of the system. Reabsorption was higher for CO₂ due to the prominence of the absorption band at 4.3 µm, which became saturated at higher pressures. These results demonstrated the importance of using the optically thick assumption to accurately account for radiative losses in these flames, which are crucial to capture flame behaviours such as radiative extinction and reignitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114884"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics-driven statistical mechanics framework for many-body thermodynamic and transport property computation","authors":"Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many-body interactions play an important role in accurately modeling high-pressure thermodynamic and transport properties of real fluids. However, analytically resolving many-body interactions is computationally prohibitive. This work introduces a physics-driven statistical mechanics framework, which establishes a many-body virial (MB-Virial) equation of state (EoS) to compute real-fluid thermodynamic and transport properties. For predictions of compressibility, enthalpy, heat capacity, and viscosity, MB-Virial EoS consistently outperforms previous pairwise models. For polar species like H₂O and NH₃, it accurately captures the non-linear behaviors of the properties above within 15% errors between 1-600 atm, while pairwise models reach 270% errors. For long-chain alkanes such as n-C₅H₁₂, MB-Virial EoS maintains errors below 10% for heat capacity and viscosity predictions, whereas pairwise models often diverge beyond 50 atm. By accelerating computations <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> times faster than quantum calculations while maintaining an accuracy of <span><math><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> kJ/mol, the MB-Virial approach offers a universal framework for many-body thermodynamic and transport predictions with various deep potential (DP) models, enabling next-generation simulations of supercritical fluids.</div><div><strong>Novelty and significance statement</strong></div><div>This work introduces a physics-driven statistical mechanics framework, the MB-Virial EoS, to compute real-fluid thermodynamic and transport properties. In this framework, various deep potential models are used to compute virial coefficients of the MB-Virial EoS directly from statistical mechanics, enabling systematic corrections to thermodynamic and transport properties, including enthalpy, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. By explicitly linking microscopic many-body interactions with macroscopic fluid behavior, the MB-Virial EoS provides a general physics-driven statistical mechanics framework for formulating real-fluid properties directly from underlying potential models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray flamelet structures in a theoretical tubular counterflow configuration","authors":"Francisco Rivadeneira ,&nbsp;Felipe Huenchuguala ,&nbsp;Arne Scholtissek ,&nbsp;Christian Hasse ,&nbsp;Eva Gutheil ,&nbsp;Hernan Olguin","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, spray flamelet structures subject to curvature are systematically studied, emphasizing the ways in which this quantity modifies the budgets of the corresponding flamelet equations and their stretch-induced extinction limit. More specifically, a theoretical extension of the tubular counterflow configuration is first proposed, which allows the injection of droplets from the inner cylinder. After appropriate mathematical descriptions for this new configuration in physical and composition space are introduced, several ethanol/air tubular counterflow flames are studied. It is found that increasing curvature leads to major modifications of the resulting flamelet structures, which is attributable to its influence on the evaporation profiles. Further, it is found that increasing curvature considerably reduces the stretch-induced extinction limit, which can be directly related to a corresponding reduction of the maximum mixture fraction within the flamelet. Finally, it is concluded that extinction in tubular counterflow spray flames occurs through a mechanism significantly different from what has been previously observed for gas flamelets.</div><div><strong>Novelty and Significance Statement</strong></div><div>A theoretical extension of the classical gas tubular counterflow configuration is proposed, which allowed systematically studying curvature effects on spray flamelet structures for the first time. Mathematical models currently available in the literature, both in physical and mixture fraction space, are extended accordingly and used to analyze different flamelet structures. It was found that spray flamelet structures are considerably more sensitive to curvature than their gaseous counterpart, which can be attributed to the explicit effect of this quantity on the evaporation profiles. Additionally, a new extinction mechanism is identified, which considerably differs from what has been previously observed for gas flamelets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the integration of three-dimensional n-decane/air rotating detonation combustor and supersonic nozzle guide vanes under different endwall geometries","authors":"Ningbo Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Shao ,&nbsp;Hongtao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulation is used to study the integration of the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) and supersonic nozzle guide vanes (NGVs) under different endwall geometries (equal inner diameter, equal mean diameter and equal outer diameter), including flow field structure, flow characteristics, and load characteristics of the NGVs. The results indicate that the reflection and diffraction of oblique shock wave between the NGVs form a series of shock waves propagating downstream, leading to unsteady flow at the outlet. Equal mean diameter flow is beneficial for reducing local high pressure and high temperature at the NGV inlet and NGV outlet, achieving more uniform pressure and temperature distribution. The expansion of the high-pressure zone after RDW causes the separation zone formed on the SS of NGV to dynamically evolve with the propagation of RDW, resulting in the dynamic evolution of supersonic flow within the NGV cascade. The average total pressure and average Mach number at the NGV outlet exhibit a low-frequency and high-frequency superimposed oscillation state. Equal mean diameter flow is not only beneficial for improving the uniformity of Mach number at the outlet, but also for reducing the total pressure and Mach number oscillations at the outlet, thereby enhancing the stability of the outlet parameters. Moreover, NGVs with equal mean diameter endwall geometry results in consistently lower values for both the peak and time-averaged pressures and temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114851"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}