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Model-based defect recognition by 3-dimensional sparse ultrasonic arrays 基于模型的三维稀疏超声阵列缺陷识别
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584060
B. Menz
{"title":"Model-based defect recognition by 3-dimensional sparse ultrasonic arrays","authors":"B. Menz","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584060","url":null,"abstract":"A new technique for defect imaging is presented which is able to distinguish between several defect shapes and produce an accurate image with small expense of hardware and time. High efficiency is achieved by utilizing a priori information about the reflector models in the reconstruction algorithm. The main requirement for applying this technique is a limited number of possible defect shapes, each of which can be described by a sufficiently simple geometric model. By applying 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional arrays with few transmitters and receivers it is possible to obtain the required information by few measurements. A model-based reconstruction algorithm adapted to the specific measurement problem enables the classification of the defects and the estimation of the corresponding model parameters.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical voltage sensor based on a quartz resonator 基于石英谐振器的光学电压传感器
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583997
P. Bauerschmidt, R. Lerch
{"title":"Optical voltage sensor based on a quartz resonator","authors":"P. Bauerschmidt, R. Lerch","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583997","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative optical instrument transformer for voltage and electric field measurements is proposed. Due to its frequency modulated signal transmission, this newly developed device avoids major drawbacks of formerly suggested optical voltage transformers, which were typically based on intensity modulated systems. The feasibility and the limits of the proposed sensor concept have been studied. The properties of the sensor key element, which is a voltage/frequency (u/f) converting quartz resonator, could be optimized by utilizing appropriate finite element computer modeling including nonlinear mechanical and piezoelectric effects, and by experiments. Several optical detection methods have been investigated to realize the required electrical isolation.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121706539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Development of a PVDF membrane hydrophone for use in air-coupled ultrasonic transducer calibration 用于空气耦合超声换能器标定的PVDF膜水听器的研制
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584142
W. Galbraith, Gordon Hayward, G. Benny
{"title":"Development of a PVDF membrane hydrophone for use in air-coupled ultrasonic transducer calibration","authors":"W. Galbraith, Gordon Hayward, G. Benny","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584142","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane hydrophone for application in air coupled transducer calibration. A fundamental analysis is used to demonstrate the suitability of PVDF as a material for wideband hydrophones operating in air. Since calibration of the hydrophone is implemented by employing a laboratory standard device which has been calibrated to a primary standard in water, justification for its use in air is also substantiated by the theory. Validation of theoretical approximations and subsequent experimental results are performed utilising a thickness mode model which is shown to facilitate evaluation of hydrophone operation under a range of imposed boundary conditions. The generation of Lamb waves at critical angles and their influence on the directivity response of membrane hydrophones operating in air is also addressed.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"44 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113942012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Improving accuracy of transverse velocity measurement with a new limited diffraction beam 用一种新的有限衍射光束提高横向速度测量精度
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584222
Jian-yu Lu
{"title":"Improving accuracy of transverse velocity measurement with a new limited diffraction beam","authors":"Jian-yu Lu","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584222","url":null,"abstract":"Limited diffraction beams have a large depth of field and have many potential applications. Previously, the author has applied one of these beams called the Bessel beam to improve the measurement of velocity vector (both transverse and axial components) of flow over conventional focused beams. Here, a new limited diffraction beam called layered array beam is used to further improve the accuracy of the transverse velocity measurement by producing peaks at the boundaries of Doppler spectrum. Because the new beam can be produced with a linear array, the method can be easily incorporated into a commercial scanner. Theory, simulation, and experiment are studied for the method and the results agree excellently with each other. In addition, applications of the new beam for high frame rate imaging (up to 3750 frames/s at 200 mm depth for biological soft tissues) or for dynamic focusing in both transmit and receive without reducing frame rate are discussed.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114030938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Analysis of acoustic waves in multilayers using compound matrices 用复合矩阵分析多层介质中的声波
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583960
V. I. Fedosov, V. Anisimkin, I. Kotelyanskii, C. Caliendo, P. Verardi, E. Verona
{"title":"Analysis of acoustic waves in multilayers using compound matrices","authors":"V. I. Fedosov, V. Anisimkin, I. Kotelyanskii, C. Caliendo, P. Verardi, E. Verona","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583960","url":null,"abstract":"A modification of the matrix formalism for studying acoustic wave propagation in anisotropic piezoelectric multilayers is developed. The modification is based upon the use of the compound matrices, well known from the theory of the matrices. Using the modified method, analytical expressions for the relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the determinant of the boundary conditions are derived. One of the advantages of the method is demonstrated for thick plates and thick film structures. On considering the dispersion curves for thick multilayers, the slow dispersion regions inherent for anisotropic materials are discovered. The regions are related with the cutoff velocities of the bulk waves in the film materials.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124047831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
SAW interferometers using micromachined silicon plates SAW干涉仪采用微加工硅片
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584008
A.H. Meitzler, E.N. Sickafus, B. Costello, S. Wenzel
{"title":"SAW interferometers using micromachined silicon plates","authors":"A.H. Meitzler, E.N. Sickafus, B. Costello, S. Wenzel","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584008","url":null,"abstract":"A general purpose sensor structure has been invented that is based on the SAW propagation characteristics and the micromachining properties of silicon, single-crystal substrates. The two distinctive cavity shapes that are obtainable by micromachining a silicon die with a KOH etchant are used to define the beam paths needed to form a SAWI (Surface Acoustic Wave Interferometer). Design principles and fabrication procedures are described and results are presented. Devices with a silicon die size, 20 mm long and 10 mm wide, and with InterDigital Transducers (IDTs) using a 5 /spl mu/m thick ZnO film and operating in the 60 to 100 MHz frequency range, have been built and tested. The ability of the basic structure to function as an interferometer has been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115804460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of factors influencing the accuracy of 3D Doppler technique: simulations and experimental results 影响三维多普勒技术精度的因素分析:模拟与实验结果
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584219
M. Calzolai, L. Capineri, A. Fort, L. Masotti, A. Pasqualis, S. Rocchi, M. Scabia
{"title":"Analysis of factors influencing the accuracy of 3D Doppler technique: simulations and experimental results","authors":"M. Calzolai, L. Capineri, A. Fort, L. Masotti, A. Pasqualis, S. Rocchi, M. Scabia","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584219","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the performance of a prototype three-dimensional (3D) PW Doppler system producing 3D velocity field maps is analyzed by means of measurements on phantoms with known velocity profiles and of simulations. The developed 3-D Doppler system gives a measurement of the velocity vector in a sample volume by means of a probe consisting of four confocal annular array transducers oriented along different directions and three programmable analogue Doppler channels.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115955901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A differential measurement SAW device for passive remote sensoring 一种用于被动遥感的差分测量SAW装置
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583988
W. Buff, M. Rusko, T. Vandahl, M. Goroll, F. Moller
{"title":"A differential measurement SAW device for passive remote sensoring","authors":"W. Buff, M. Rusko, T. Vandahl, M. Goroll, F. Moller","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.583988","url":null,"abstract":"The application of differential measurement to suppress unwanted dependencies is a well known method in SAW sensoring. Usually these applications exploit a Two-Delay-Line- or Two-Resonator-Circuitry where the difference of two frequencies ideally depends only on the variable to be measured. This approach can be used to greatly reduce temperature dependence of certain sensors. However this circuitry cannot be operated passively, which is a clear demand for remote sensor systems. For an application in wireless remote sensor systems, a new conception of SAW sensor device has been developed to reduce the disturbing influences of the radio channel. The device consists of two SAW resonators with different center frequencies. The difference of the two center frequencies is almost independent of influences in the radio channel.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"82 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113938283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Fusion of ultrasonic and radiographic images of the breast 乳房超声和x线影像的融合
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584316
A. Hernandez, O. Basset, I. Magnin, A. Brémond, G. Giménez
{"title":"Fusion of ultrasonic and radiographic images of the breast","authors":"A. Hernandez, O. Basset, I. Magnin, A. Brémond, G. Giménez","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584316","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of breast pathologies requires in most cases a mammographic and an echographic examination. Radiographic and ultrasonic images are complementary for the elaboration of a diagnosis. To realize both examinations quasi simultaneously, a device has been developed to acquire data from the same volume of interest in the breast: 2D radiographic images and a series of ultrasonic images which constitutes a volume of data. From this volume, an ultrasonic image, similar to a X-ray image is synthesized by a conical projection of the volume. The important information provided by each modality is then merged by data fusion techniques, involving fuzzy logic, to provide an image which is a tool for diagnostic aid.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131350849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Ultrasound clutter signal from vibrating muscles limits low velocity blood flow measurements 来自振动肌肉的超声杂波信号限制了低速血流的测量
1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-11-03 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584215
A. Heimdal, H. Torp
{"title":"Ultrasound clutter signal from vibrating muscles limits low velocity blood flow measurements","authors":"A. Heimdal, H. Torp","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1996.584215","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscle tension vibrates under sustained contraction, and will thereby generate low frequency clutter in the Doppler signal. Both muscles in the hand of the operator holding the ultrasound probe, and in the patient itself can give rise to the clutter. In this paper a model for the Doppler signal from vibrating muscles is presented. For small vibration amplitudes, the signal is a phase modulated signal, and the vibration amplitude can be estimated from the phase of the signal. Clutter rejection filters, which are commonly used to remove the low frequency components in the Doppler signal, will also remove the signal from low velocity blood flow. By comparing the model for the clutter signal with a previously presented model for the Doppler signal from moving blood, a theoretical minimum detectable blood velocity is found for different ultrasound frequencies. For 6 MHz Doppler this limit is 6.4 mm/s, which indicates that capillary blood perfusion is not measurable with conventional techniques.","PeriodicalId":278111,"journal":{"name":"1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131453240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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