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Lessons from Denmark About Inequality and Social Mobility 丹麦关于不平等和社会流动性的经验教训
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28543
J. Heckman, Rasmus Landersø
{"title":"Lessons from Denmark About Inequality and Social Mobility","authors":"J. Heckman, Rasmus Landersø","doi":"10.3386/W28543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28543","url":null,"abstract":"Many American policy analysts point to Denmark as a model welfare state with low levels of income inequality and high levels of income mobility across generations. It has in place many social policies now advocated for adoption in the U.S. Despite generous Danish social policies, family influence on important child outcomes in Denmark is about as strong as it is in the United States. More advantaged families are better able to access, utilize, and influence universally available programs. Purposive sorting by levels of family advantage create neighborhood effects. Powerful forces not easily mitigated by Danish-style welfare state programs operate in both countries.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124114140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
The U. S. COVID Economic Recovery Plan 美国新冠肺炎经济复苏计划
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3604591
Laurie Thomas Vass
{"title":"The U. S. COVID Economic Recovery Plan","authors":"Laurie Thomas Vass","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3604591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604591","url":null,"abstract":"We tend to abstract from the conventional economic wisdom that “bouncing back” to the economy that existed prior to March 17, 2020 is a great idea. <br><br>The economic structure in America was already deeply flawed and damaged from 20 years of economic integration with the rest of the world and particularly China. (Vass, Laurie Thomas, U.S. National COVID Economic Collapse and the Collapse of the U.S. Dollar. (April 14, 2020). Available at SSRN: <a href=\"https://ssrn.com/abstract=3575761\">https://ssrn.com/abstract=3575761</a>.<br><br>We argue that the 70% of the U. S. economic structure that was locked down resembles the shambles of the German economy after May 8, 1945. <br><br>Part of the German economy that was connected to large global corporations was still functioning, but the domestic economic structure in Germany had been reduced to rubble.<br><br>The full extent of the U. S. economic damage has not been experienced yet, because the commercial rental market and the mortgage loan market have not reflected in the number of citizens who no longer have an income to pay rent or mortgages.<br><br>We argue that the contemporary U. S. COVID recovery plan must also prevent the spread of Chinese communism, which entails a policy response to limiting the damage caused by the promotion of the China trade deals by crony corporate capitalism, such as the members of the Business Roundtable and the U. S. Chamber of Commerce.<br>","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133606810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Persistence of Healthy Behaviors in Food Purchasing 健康行为在食品购买中的持续性
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-07-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3143853
Marit Hinnosaar
{"title":"The Persistence of Healthy Behaviors in Food Purchasing","authors":"Marit Hinnosaar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3143853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3143853","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy food subsidies made some food purchases temporarily healthier, but the effect was not always persistent.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122566018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Regional Convergence – And Divergence – In the US 美国的区域趋同与区域分化
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-05-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3391453
W. Miles
{"title":"Regional Convergence – And Divergence – In the US","authors":"W. Miles","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3391453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3391453","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on regional convergence in the US have employed varied methodologies and yielded different conclusions. Some authors report evidence that convergence has grown stronger in recent decades, while others find recent years have seen an end to convergence. We test for convergence with a method that allows for structural change. We find, first, that there is little overall evidence for convergence within the US. Results also indicate a series of positive breaks in the 1980s, indicating movement away from convergence was pronounced during this decade. Diverging housing costs may have played a role in limiting convergence.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Assessment of Poverty Determinants in U.S. Census Tracts, 1970-2010 1970-2010年美国人口普查区贫困决定因素评估
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3303133
Carlos Gayán‐Navarro, Marcos Sanso-Navarro, F. Sanz-Gracia
{"title":"An Assessment of Poverty Determinants in U.S. Census Tracts, 1970-2010","authors":"Carlos Gayán‐Navarro, Marcos Sanso-Navarro, F. Sanz-Gracia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3303133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3303133","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the determinants of poverty in the U.S. at the census tract level using a geographically consistent panel data set for 1970-2010. The results are framed within the debate about the optimal design of local development strategies. The main conclusion drawn from our empirical analysis is that place-based and person-centered policies can be considered as complementary rather than as substitutes.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115678229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Economic Geography, Political Inequality, and Public Goods in the Original 13 US States 美国最初13个州的经济地理、政治不平等与公共产品
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-08-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3252921
P. Beramendi, Jeffrey L. Jensen
{"title":"Economic Geography, Political Inequality, and Public Goods in the Original 13 US States","authors":"P. Beramendi, Jeffrey L. Jensen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3252921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3252921","url":null,"abstract":"A large and fruitful literature has focused on the impact of colonial legacies on long-term development. Yet the mechanisms through which these legacies get transmitted over time remain ambiguous. This paper analyzes the choice and effects of legislative representation as one such mechanism, driven by elites interested in maximizing jointly economic prospects and political influence over time. We focus on malapportionment in the legislatures of the original thirteen British North-American colonies. Their joint independence created a unique juncture in which postcolonial elites simultaneously chose the legislative and electoral institutions under which they would operate. We show that the initial choice of apportionment in the state legislatures is largely a function of economic geography, that such a choice generated persistent differences in representation patterns within states (political inequality), and that the latter shaped public goods provision in the long run.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122909924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Managing Trade: Evidence From China and the US 管理贸易:来自中国和美国的证据
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3192799
N. Bloom, Kalina B. Manova, J. Van Reenen, Stephen Teng Sun, Zhihong Yu
{"title":"Managing Trade: Evidence From China and the US","authors":"N. Bloom, Kalina B. Manova, J. Van Reenen, Stephen Teng Sun, Zhihong Yu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3192799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3192799","url":null,"abstract":"We present a heterogeneous-firm model in which management ability increases both production efficiency and product quality. Combining six micro-datasets on management practices, production and trade in Chinese and American firms, we find broad support for the model's predictions. First, better managed firms are more likely to export, sell more products to more destination countries, and earn higher export revenues and profits. Second, better managed exporters have higher prices, higher quality, and lower quality-adjusted prices. Finally, they also use a wider range of inputs, higher quality and more expensive inputs, and imported inputs from more advanced countries. The structural estimates indicate that management is important for improving production efficiency and product quality in both countries, but it matters more in China than in the US, especially for product quality. Panel analysis for the US and a randomized control trial in India suggest that management exerts causal effects on product quality, production efficiency, and exports. Poor management practices may thus hinder trade and growth, especially in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127259058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
More or Less Unmarried. The Impact of Legal Settings of Cohabitation on Labor Market Outcomes 或多或少未婚。同居法律设置对劳动力市场结果的影响
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3211428
Marion Goussé, Marion Leturcq
{"title":"More or Less Unmarried. The Impact of Legal Settings of Cohabitation on Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Marion Goussé, Marion Leturcq","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3211428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3211428","url":null,"abstract":"We show how the legal settings of unmarried cohabitation affect partners' labor market outcomes. In Canada, cohabiting couples are automatically entitled to certain rights after a few years of cohabitation. In some provinces, ex-cohabiting partners can claim for alimony upon separation, in others they can claim for an equal split of all the assets acquired during the relationship. As legal settings of unmarried cohabitation differ across time, provinces and duration of the relationship, it provides a unique framework to analyze how different levels of commitment affect couples' decision regarding labor market supply. Using cross-provinces variation in the legal settings and minimum duration for eligibility, we show that unmarried cohabiting men increase their labor force supply when they become eligible to a more committed cohabitation regime, whereas women decrease theirs. Higher levels of commitment induce larger e ects on labor market outcomes.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122834826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Explaining Black-White Differences in College Outcomes at Missouri Public Universities 解释密苏里公立大学黑人与白人在大学成绩上的差异
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-03-22 DOI: 10.20955/r.2017.77-83
C. Koedel
{"title":"Explaining Black-White Differences in College Outcomes at Missouri Public Universities","authors":"C. Koedel","doi":"10.20955/r.2017.77-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.2017.77-83","url":null,"abstract":"Conditional on enrollment at a four-year public university, African American students are less likely to graduate and less likely to graduate with a STEM degree than White students. This article reports on evidence from Missouri showing that these outcome differences in college can be explained entirely by differences in students’ academic preparation prior to college enrollment. While this result should not be taken to imply that college-level interventions cannot help to reduce observed college success gaps by race, it does point toward pre-college interventions as being better targeted at their underlying source.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125898335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender Peer Effects Heterogeneity in Obesity 肥胖的性别同伴效应异质性
ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3175307
Rokhaya Dieye, B. Fortin
{"title":"Gender Peer Effects Heterogeneity in Obesity","authors":"Rokhaya Dieye, B. Fortin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175307","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores gender peer effects heterogeneity in adolescent Body Mass Index (BMI). We propose a utility-based non-cooperative social network model with effort technology. We allow the gender composition to influence peer effects. We analyze the possibility of recovering the fundamentals of our structural model from the best-response functions. We provide identification conditions of these functions generalizing those of the homogeneous version of the model. Extending Liu and Lee [2010], we consider 2SLS and GMM strategies to estimate our model using Add Health data. We provide tests of homophily in the formation of network and reject them after controlling for network (school) fixed effects. The joint (endogenous plus contextual) gender homogeneous model is rejected. However, we do not reject that the endogenous effects are the same. This suggests that the source of gender peer effects heterogeneity is the contextual effects. We find that peers’ age, parents’ education, health status, and race are relevant for the latter effects and are gender-dependent.","PeriodicalId":276490,"journal":{"name":"ERN: U.S. & Canada (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130683560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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