{"title":"The Main Connections between Pedagogy and Critical Theory","authors":"Wojciech Kruszelnicki","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.181-217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.181-217","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses connections between pedagogy and critical theory in the work of Henry A. Giroux. Locating the genesis of critical pedagogy in Giroux’s scholarship and accounting for its persistent exploitation of the intellectual legacy of the Frankfurt School have significant implications for how we understand the role of theory in education. Critical theory provides essential tools for developing pedagogies and forms of education that seriously engage with the ideas of emancipation, social transformation, and cultural struggle for a viable democracy and a rationally organized social life. The paper strongly opposes recent claims that critical pedagogy has lost its close connections to the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, and that educational critique has failed to offer any positive vision of schooling, leading instead to cynicism and despair. Contrary to these views, it demonstrates how the key concepts of critical theory operate in Giroux’s discourse and how they allow him to construct a program of critical literacy and civic education that provides a rationale for rethinking schools as democratic public spheres where critical thinking and democratic skills can be analyzed and practiced","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129676016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflicts of Values and Practical Rationality (Does God Encounter Conflicts of Values?)","authors":"Andrzej Niemczuk","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.81-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.81-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of conflicts of values and in particular issues such as: (1) what is a conflict of values? (2) what grounds claims about the existence of such conflicts? (3) are these conflicts apparent or real? (4) how can empirical conflicts be resolved? The successive steps of the presented argumentation are a development of the following propositions: (1) a conflict of values consists in the mutual incompatibility of the realization of values of equal strength; (2) a conflict of values is in fact a conflict of duties; (3) a conflict in the first principles of duty (revealed in peculiar practical situations) comes from either (a) the adoption of different historical ethos into a normative theory, or (b) errors (inconsistencies) in the theory; (4) ways of removing conflicts of duty consist in correcting the normative theory by introducing necessary meta-principles to it. At the end of the article, the following thesis is presented: the statement about the existence of real (ontological) conflicts of duty is inconsistent with the postulate of applying practical rationality in practice.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132877775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A “Dark Night.” Extended Concepts in Homo Mysticus for Translational Sciences","authors":"Renata Łukiewicz-Kostro, K. Zieliński","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.121-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.121-157","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to grasp a contemporary phenomenon known as depression from another, i.e. spiritual angle. The experience described by a Carmelite monk and mystic John of the Cross as “dark night” requires a new scientific panorama with reference to contemporary mental disorders. It constitutes a highly complex physical, mental and spiritual phenomenon. Therefore, it cannot be defined without in-depth, credible, responsible and well-justified interdisciplinary research. In this paper, we propose a new model of diagnosis, therapy and treatment of the “liminal spaces” states regarded as depression with the use of quantitative and qualitative mixed-methods and tools in social sciences and humanities, including digital humanities and applied linguistics. Further research may and should lead to a common model developed also with medical scientists. We also see a great and very promising potential of our model developed together with the achievements of medical informatics, narrative and translational medicine and translational sciences in general.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131183607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orthodoxy and Economy. The Ethics of the Christian East as a Possible Source of Lower Economic Results in Countries with a Majority of Orthodox Population","authors":"Jarosław Młynarczyk","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.159-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.159-180","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to consider as broadly as possible the relationship between the faithful of the Orthodox Churches and their perception of the problem of economy. It aims to portray together different ways of understanding this concept – from the “economy of salvation,” through the ascetic economy (which is juxtaposed with Weber’s “intra-world asceticism”) to contemporary discussions on this subject both within the Orthodox Church and in relation to the latest economic indicators. It is argued that the current relatively low share of countries with a majority of Orthodox believers in the global GDP is rooted in a different than Western understanding of Christian ethics, and that the tradition of understanding it in this particular way is still alive.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121020377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Sexual Intoxication as a Manifestation of the Crisis of the West. Thoughts of Twentieth-Century Cultural Traditionalists","authors":"Marek Jedliński","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.5-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.5-30","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to discuss the views of cultural traditionalists on human sexuality. The paper presents the views of the following thinkers: René Guénon, Julius Evola, and Pitirim Sorokin. Each represents a different line of cultural traditionalism. However, they are united by expressive, radical views as well as by peculiar choices and life experiences. (Guénon was a convert to Islam, Evola sympathized with paganism and fascism, whereas Sorokin was one of the fathers of American sociology, an emigrant from Russia, with the soul of a “Russian traditionalist.”) René Guénon, Julius Evola, and Pitirim Sorokin recognized a deep crisis of the Western world. They argued that the cause of this crisis was sexual intoxication: anarchy and the sexual revolution. They thought that culture and the spiritual tradition in the Western (material) civilization was disappearing and that the primary cause of the crisis and the decline of the West were individualism and rationalism – manifesting themselves as pride, prudishness, perversion, the cult of the body, and orgasm. Guénon, Evola and Sorokin craved the restoration of the previous state: the sacralization of sex, community bonds, male domination, and ritual procreation. This was supposed to prevent the crisis and the decline of culture.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Information Crisis and Silence in Philosophical-Cultural Perspective","authors":"H. Rarot, T. Wójcik","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.59-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.59-79","url":null,"abstract":"Among various forms of contemporary socio-cultural crises, one of the most challenging is the information crisis, which arises as a consequence of the dominance of postmodern information civilization. Often viewed through a pessimistic lens, the information crisis is understood as the excessive production of textual, visual, and auditory information in both public sphere and high culture. This surplus of information leads to its devaluation and has unforeseen and significant consequences. From this catastrophic perspective, there seems to be no escape from this overwhelming abundance of information. However, this article aims to provide a broader and more realistic understanding of the information crisis. To achieve this comprehensive perspective, the article draws upon research findings from various fields within the humanities and social sciences, such as cognitive psychology, psychology of human development, psychology of crisis and crisis intervention, and sociology of culture. By incorporating these interdisciplinary insights, the article culminates in a philosophical and cultural synthesis. Additionally, the article explores remedial strategies proposed by Tomasz Szlendak (a cultural sociologist) to counter the negative effects of information overload, with particular emphasis the value of silence.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"12 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122727665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personal Identity in the Era of Remote Living. Avatars in the Theatre of Cyberreal Life","authors":"Bartosz Kuczyński","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.219-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.219-236","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with issues related to human participation in cyberspace in the context of the problem of personal identity and the challenges associated with remote forms of communication. The research perspective is based on the notion of the theatricality of life, in matters such as self-expression and self-creation as well as with regard to social coexistence. Digital technologies gave rise to new opportunities for self-representation, enabling individuals to shape their identities in more decentralized and fragmented ways. The article focuses on aspects of digital presence such as conditions of avatarization, the avatar-user relationship, and digital forms of self-expression. The article suggests that one of the main challenges people face in a digitally mediated world is to maintain a coherent sense of self. It requires embracing a more nuanced and multifaceted understanding of personal identity, which takes into account the individual’s entanglement in relationality (with oneself, with one's avatars, and with other people).","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125400385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valued and Valuing Globality","authors":"A. Nobis","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.105-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.105-120","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to analyze the connections between understanding and evaluating globality. The analysis employs the conception of the axiosemiotic sphere developed by Stanisław Pietraszka. According to this conception, meanings enable the expression of values and values enable the valorization of meanings. I analyze selected examples of understanding and evaluating globality from various discourses: scientific, corporate, journalistic, journalistic, religious, and curatorial. I come to three conclusions. The first: the links between meanings and values entail that the change of meanings is accompanied by a change of values and the change of values is accompanied by a change of meanings. Second: meanings not only express values but also determine each other’s content. Thus, changing one meaning changes other meanings. Third: values not only valorize meanings, but they valorize each other, determining their valence. And so, globality is sometimes valorized with other values, but in other situations it becomes the basis for evaluation itself. There are also contexts in which globality and other values valorize each other, determining their valence.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114751341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crisis is the Father of All Things. Punctuated Equilibrium as a Philosophical Concept (Part one: from Metaphysics to the Evolution of Cosmos and the Biosphere)","authors":"Jacek Breczko","doi":"10.17951/kw.2023.35.31-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2023.35.31-57","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I present a holistic view of a crisis, referring to Gould’s concept of “punctuated equilibrium” and making its philosophical extrapolation: from dynamic metaphysical approaches, through the evolution of cosmos, to the evolution of the biosphere (in the next article, I intend to present a similarly framed history of mankind). I argue that evolution on different levels of being occurs in a similar “rhythm.” In the first phase, the object (structure) is in a state of relative balance and slow (gradual) changes. This phase ends with a catastrophe, some sudden event (an external blow or an internal “rupture”), initiating a phase of rapid change that can be described as a crisis in the broad sense. These violent transformations grow until they reach a critical moment, a moment of culmination and solstice, which can be called a crisis in the strict sense. After this crisis, there is either the disintegration of the object (“death”), or the survival, but of the object already clearly changed. A new quality (a new whole) appears, which returns to a state of relative balance and slow changes. I also point to the resistance that such a dynamic vision of being elicited from philosophers, astronomers, and naturalists, suggesting that this sympathy for constancy is a variety of Baconian tribal idols.","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131739882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Search of Self-Knowledge. Calculates Values in Myths as Culture Codes on the Example of Sisyphus, Odysseus and Oedipus","authors":"Ewa Lech","doi":"10.17951/kw.2022.34.235-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/kw.2022.34.235-255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":274135,"journal":{"name":"Kultura i Wartości","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117233861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}