Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University最新文献

{"title":"The influence of the parameters of bridge structures of high-speed railways on the dynamic properties of the bridge-freewaysystem","authors":"Vladimir Smirnov, Egor Lukovnikov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-449-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-449-456","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the influence on the frequencies and shapes of free vibrations of multi-span bridge structures of high-speed railways of such factors as the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the connection of the rail with the sub-rail base, the stiffness of the supports in the direction along the bridge and the massiveness of the intermediate supports. Methods: the article considers a four-span bridge with a jointless path modeled as an elastic beam on an elastic base, for which the oscillation forms and their corresponding natural frequencies are determined for various parameters of the bridge-jointless path system. Results: the data presented in the article make it possible to take into account the presence of a jointless track on the bridge and its participation in the work of the bridge structure when designing bridge structures on high-speed railways, which makes it possible to make constructive decisions of the elements of the object more reasonably. Practical significance: since the dynamic reaction of a structure is entirely determined by its dynamic properties, it becomes extremely important to identify the spectrum of natural frequencies and oscillation patterns of a bridge structure when taking into account the operation of a jointless track on a bridge, which unites the structure into a single system, ensuring the compatibility of the elements of the bridge-jointless track system under longitudinal train and temperature influences, which It makes it possible to reflect the actual operation of the structure and, ultimately, allows you to build more economical bridge supports.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"88 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the elemental foundations of the supports of high-voltage lines","authors":"Vladimir Kozlovskiy, Ivan Smirnov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-489-497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-489-497","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to substantiate the possibility of using the foundations of supports of high-voltage lines in the form of dispersed horizontal elements combined into a single structure for the perception of alternating loads. To determine by experimental and computational methods the effect of the mutual displacement of elements in the form of an increase in the bearing capacity of foundations and a decrease in their deformations under the influence of pressing and pulling loads. To show the possibility of replacing slab foundations of supports of high-voltage lines with structures made of prefabricated elements to reduce the volume and weight of products transported from the factory. Methods: application of the moire photogrammetric method to assess the development of soil compaction zones and angular deformations of the soil base in a tray with a glass wall under models of slab and elemental foundations. Using the method of boundary integral equations to obtain the dependence of precipitation on the step of elements for flexible and rigid foundations. Results: the effect of mutual influence of foundation elements during their convergence and dispersal in the form of a change in the stress-strain state in their base is illustrated. Differences in the depths of the distribution of compaction zones and areas of development of angular deformations are revealed. Quantitative data on the precipitation of slab and elemental foundations and the influence of the depth of the roof of the solid underlying layer on them have been obtained. Graphical dependences of the relationship of sediment elements with the distance (step) between them are presented. The effect of the division of the foundation on the rate of extinction of marginal tangential stresses in the base is shown. An illustration is made of an increase in the volume and surface area of the bulging body of the elemental foundation, which leads to an increase in its bearing capacity compared to the slab one when calculating for pulling out. Practical importance: the effectiveness of the use of an element foundation in comparison with the paid option in reducing the parameters of the stress-strain state of the base and facilitating logistical tasks during construction is shown. The experimental and computational methods used can be recommended for further refinement of the parameters of the elemental foundations.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"98 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Studies of Deformation Parameters of Thawing Soils Based on ANOVA and AHP","authors":"Sin' Ven'shao, A. Kolos, A. Petryaev","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-868-877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-868-877","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the statistical significance of many factors: the initial temperature of the soil sample T0, humidity ω, confining pressure σ3 and loading frequency f on the deformation parameters of thawing soils by the method of orthogonal tests. Based on the method of weight analysis, to study the influence of the weight of various factors on the results of dynamic triaxial tests. To set the regression equation for the deformation parameters. Method: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to test the statistical significance of factors based on orthogonal tests. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the influence weights of factors on test results are determined through matrix calculations. Results: Test factors: T0, ω, σ3 and f have strong statistical significance for test results. The influence of humidity on test results is more than 50%. The multiple linear regression equation fits the test results well. Practical significance: The orthogonal testing method, based on ANOVA and AHP, has the advantage expressed in a small number of trials, a wide coverage of factors, and the analysis of influence weights. The results of ANOVA and weight analysis show that moisture has the greatest influence on the deformation of the subgrade of thawing soils. During the operation of the subgrade, changes in soil moisture must be strictly controlled to prevent engineering accidents.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Requirements for Means of Communication and Information Support for Medical Evacuation by Rail","authors":"Aleksey Tatarenko, Elena Kazakevich, Andrey Privalov, Stanislav Lopatin","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-909-920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-909-920","url":null,"abstract":"During the special operation in 2022, more than 60 railway runs have been carried out to evacuate wounded servicemen to military medical organizations, including transportation by rail. The rolling stock used for the military sanitary train does not fully meet the modern requirements for equipping with information and telecommunication systems, and, therefore, does not contribute to the effective use of military sanitary train for its intended purpose. Purpose: To consider the issue of improving the equipment of MST communication facilities and improving information and communication support for the passenger fleet of railway transport used for medical evacuation needs. Methods: Methods of system analysis and operations research theory have been used. Results: A prospective model for information exchange among personnel within the MST has been developed. The main requirements for communication and information support means for medical evacuation by rail have been determined. An algorithm of tasks has been formulated for further organizational and methodological research on the implementation of information and telecommunication technologies, including measures for developing tactical and technical requirements for communication means of military medical train personnel. Practical significance: Requirements for communication and information support means for medical evacuation by rail have been identified. These requirements are to be used in the course of experimental and design work on the development of an information and telecommunication complex for the military medical train.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Characteristics of Restoration Solutions When Metacaolines Are Used in Their Compositions","authors":"L. Kazanskaya, Aleksey Smetanin","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-853-859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-853-859","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To analyze the possibility of using highly active metacaolines in the compositions of gypsum-lime binders for restoration work. To consider the compatibility of the components of restoration solutions based on the reproducibility of their main characteristics, such as mineralogical and chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties and durability. Methods: The work uses physico-chemical research methods, as well as methods of comparative analysis, in accordance with the guidelines of GOST 125-2018 “Gypsum binders. Technical conditions”. Results: It is shown that the introduction of metacaolin into the binder compositions provides an increase in the strength of the binder stone. The optimal amount of metacaolin is 20% in a gypsumlime mixture. It has been experimentally established that an increase in the content of Al2O3 in metacaolin from 39 to 44% leads to an increase in the early compressive strength of a stone made of modified gypsumlime binder. An increase in the content of Al2O3 leads to an increase in strength characteristics. Practical significance: The conducted studies demonstrate that such indicators as the average particle size, specific surface area, have an impact on the hydraulic activity of the pozzolan additive. The quality of highly active metakaolins is directly dependent on the degree of purity of kaolin. However, additives may differ in the mass content of oxides, in particular the content of the main oxides SiO2 and Al2O3. The use of highly active metacaolines in the compositions of gypsum-lime binders makes it possible to restore architectural monuments.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Intake Process in Gas Engines with External Mixing of Fuel","authors":"Aleksey Penkin, A. Vorob'ev, Aleksandr Sobolev, S. Metlyakova, Dar'ya Vedernikova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-902-908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-902-908","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To identify existing problems, namely the low homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture and fuel losses when valves are closed, and the advantages of central fuel injection, namely its relative ease of adjustment and location of gas injectors, and its main differences from distributed injection. To show existing ways to solve these problems. To demonstrate the lack of environmental and economic efficiency in central fuel injection. To calculate the amount of fuel entering the engine exhaust system when the valves are closed. To show ways to increase the efficiency of fuel utilization during engine operation. Methods: Calculation of the mass of natural gas entering the engine exhaust system during the valve overlap period, considering the duration of the period, the cross-sectional area of the valve gap, the total amount of fuel supplied during the intake stroke, the density of the fuel, the flow rate when entering the cylinder and the stoichiometric ratio. Results: The need to consider the amount of fuel consumed when operating a gas engine is shown. The existing problems of using central fuel supply are indicated. A method for calculating gas fuel losses when valves are closed is formulated and justified. It has been established which parameters influence the mass of fuel that does not enter the cylinder during the intake process. It is concluded that it is necessary to use other injection methods, or to significantly improve the intake process of central injection. Practical significance: The influence of the method of supplying fuel to a gas internal combustion engine on the environmental friendliness of the engine and fuel efficiency is shown. A method has been formulated for calculating gas fuel losses during the period of valve overlap, considering the design parameters of the intake system and the duration of opening of the intake valves.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"343 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for the Application of Variable Standards by the Development of a Train Formation Plan","authors":"Aleksandr Badeckiy, O. Medved', Yana Kukushkina","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-954-966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-954-966","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The train formation plan is a fundamental technological document that affects the rational organization of the operational work of railways of JSCo “Russian Railways”. The amount of operating costs, the stability of the operation of stations, sections and transport hubs depends on its correct development. The existing practice assumes the use of the average values of its design parameters when calculating the train formation plan, without taking into account their variable nature. In this case, it is not always possible to guarantee that the optimal decision is taken on the organization of car traffic. The purpose of the article is to describe a method for taking into account the variable nature of the design parameters of the train formation plan, which will increase the stability of its individual assignments to the unevenness of operational work. Methods: Methods of theoretical analysis are used, existing analytical dependencies are described, which allow determining the calculated parameters of the train formation plan. Fuzzy set theory and its natural extension, fuzzy mathematics, have been used to describe the variable nature of the calculated parameters. To make an optimal decision on the adjustment of individual assignments of the train formation plan, the methods of decision-making theory have been used, namely, the Bellman-Zadeh method of decision-making in fuzzy conditions. Results: Calculation formulas have been obtained that allow determining the design parameters of the train formation plan in conditions of uneven operational work directly, without using auxiliary tables and graphs, having information only about the fluctuations of the car traffic of a specific purpose of the formation plan. A method has been developed for determining the threshold value of the car traffic, optimal in conditions of unevenness. Practical significance: Taking into account the variable nature of the design standards of the train formation plan during its development will increase the stability of its specific assignments, reduce operating costs for its implementation during the life cycle, reduce the number of operational adjustments.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"330 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Design and Construction of Buildings in Seismically Hazardous Areas with Permafrost Soils","authors":"Pavel Pegin, Daniil Filimonov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-878-890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-878-890","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Analysis of accumulated experience in the design and construction of buildings in areas with permafrost and seismic activity. Methods: Statistical and analytical methods have been applied. Results: The areas of distribution of both permafrost soils and seismics on the territory of Russia are considered. The review and analysis of the principles of construction on permafrost soils is given. 2 main methods of preserving the foundation soils in a frozen state using principle I of construction and 3 combined options when pairing a pile foundation with a ventilated underground, filling and cooling devices are considered and analyzed. The conclusion is made about the construction using principle I, where a pile foundation with a high pile grillage and a ventilated underground is preferred as a foundation, since the piles of this foundation act as a flexible connection between the aboveground part of the building and the base. In case of seismic impact, this foundation perceives the action of vertical and horizontal seismic loads, as well as the action of the tipping moment. In the case when it is impossible to keep the foundation in a frozen state under buildings, it is necessary to use principle II, which is implemented due to the coefficient of safety and rigidity of building structures, as well as pre-construction measures aimed at thawing, pre-compaction or partial replacement of natural subsidence soils, increasing the depth of foundation laying or regulation of the thawing zone due to planning decisions or applications of devices for heat removal. It is revealed that spatial foundation platforms are effective earthquake-resistant structures of foundations on permafrost soils using principle II in conditions of seismic activity. The analysis of the design experience on permafrost soils in seismically active areas is carried out. Practical significance: It is proposed to use principle I of construction of earthquake-resistant buildings on permafrost soils (in cases where permafrost preservation is possible).","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"23 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Improvement of Hazardous Chemicals Transportation Methods by Motor Vehicles","authors":"Evgeniy Asmankin, Semen Shkuratov, Ekaterina Zubkova, Vladislav Smygalin, Aleksey Hleborodov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-828-834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-828-834","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The issue of hazardous chemicals transportation by motor vehicles is especially crucial nowadays, given recent geopolitical situation. Transportation inside the country has become a key task for the Russian Federation. The improvement of motor vehicle construction is required in order to provide security of the transportation process. Methods: The tool for research and analysis of the issue of choosing the optimal crosssection of the relief valve on a tank car is the flow section diameter of the tank car’s relief valve. Results: The article proposes calculations for the cross-section of the relief valve of a tank with a larger diameter than those currently installed on tank cars in Russia. The article also provides statistical data on accidents in road transport from 2018 to 2020. Practical significance: Semi-empirical models of thermophysical processes inside a tank during the occurrence of excess pressure have been described by numerous authors. The level of development of the topic of this research is relatively low, unlike topics dedicated to excess pressure in pressure-relief tanks and thermodynamic processes. The article discusses the improvement of designs of tank cars used for the transportation of light petroleum products. The authors have offered a way to improve the construction of a tank with the help of installation of a relief valve of a bigger section. The results of the calculations of the optimal section in the relief valve are presented in a tabular form. The calculation has practical significance as in the case of integration of the data on relief (breather) valves there exists a possibility of increasing the stability of the thin shell of a tank and so of increasing the security during the transportation by motor vehicles. The enlargement of flow area of the tank relief valve is a technically efficient and economically profitable way to increase the degree of transportation process security.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing the Composition of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete Using Neural Network","authors":"Valentin Hodakovskiy, Mihail Shvarc, Filipp Shvarc","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-860-867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-4-860-867","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To extend the possibility of interpreting the results of a limited number of physical experiments while selecting the components for the creation of concrete mixes and concrete on its basis with the required output properties. Methods: Using a neural network in the analytical environment Loginom, a model with six input variables representing introduced special additives and seven output variables representing the quality parameters of the concrete mix and concrete has been built. Results: In the process of training a three-layer network model has been formed, with the help of which the predicted output characteristics of concrete mix and concrete have been obtained. Experimental data and neural model prediction for each output variable have been compared in a clear graphical form. Practical significance: Prediction of the required characteristics of the synthesized material by means of the neural model response to various combinations of input data allows to carry out an optimal number of physical experiments. It is possible to apply the proposed modeling method for various multicomponent materials.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"28 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}