Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University最新文献

{"title":"Features of space-planning solutions for stationary circus buildings","authors":"Aleksandra Kochurova, Diana Zenchenkova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-345-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-345-358","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: this work is devoted to the study of the features in space-planning solutions for stationary circus buildings and to determine the development of circus architecture. In recent years, with the appearance of new technologies, the requirements for space-planning and technical solutions of circus buildings have undergone significant changes. It is very important to preserve the traditions of circus art and, at the same time, for expansion of the circus performances are necessary modifications and transformations of the buildings. Methods: have been made a comprehensive analysis of existing circus buildings in Europe, Asia and Russia. The research is based on the analysis of professional literature and scientific articles. Results: has been revealed patterns and main features in construction of multifunctional entertainment buildings with elements of circus and various show performances (on ice, on water, in the air). Technical innovations applied in modern representations, such as removable playpens, the use of virtual reality and modern technical balancing systems, dictate new approaches to the organization of space. In Europe, animal performances are a thing of the past. In Russia and Asia, animals remain an essential part of the circus show, meanwhile control over their living conditions is becoming more strict. Based on the study of the already built circus facilities were determined the prospects for the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings. Practical significance: the results allow us to identify the main trends in the space-planning solutions of stationary circus buildings. This research will be useful for architects, designers and other specialists who are engaged in the design and reconstruction of circuses. The results of this research can be used to create modern and functional circus buildings that will meet the expectations of the audience and provide comfortable conditions for the artists.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"112 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of bentonite clay as waterproofing material","authors":"Roman Mayer, Gleb Yakimov, Nina Shangina, Sergey Samoylov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-380-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-380-390","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: analytical study of usability bentonite is a natural mineral with high waterproofing and adsorption properties in various fields. Methods: methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy were used. Results: this article examines various applications of bentonite, allowing to position bentonite as a universal material, which is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. The advantages of bentonite over other waterproofing materials are noted, including environmental friendliness, durability, efficiency and economy. The properties of bentonite clay have been studied, the ability of which to swell and create a waterproofing barrier in contact with water makes it an effective material for protection against moisture. It is indicated that the high frost resistance of bentonite is ensured due to the complex structure of the material consisting of metal oxide atoms and silicon atoms, which form a dense structure. The interlayer space in which the exchange cations are concentrated is the physical and physicochemical basis for the sorption activity of bentonite clay rocks. Bentonite has been found to be of value in its self-healing properties, as is the case when used at negative temperatures. This is due to its molecular structure. The microscopic particles that make up bentonite have a negative charge, they are able to adsorb water molecules. Practical significance: waterproofing works are carried out in many areas of construction. However, bentonite materials are not widely used. In this aspect, the article describes in detail such waterproofing materials as bentonite mats, clay lock, injectable bentonite waterproofing. The authors believe that the demand for the use of bentonite as a reliable and promising means of waterproofing in the construction industry will increase.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"113 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of thermal energy of oil and coolant of a diesel engine of a shunting diesel locomotive","authors":"Aleksandr Svechnikov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-498-507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-498-507","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to substantiate the effectiveness of using heat-storing materials to preserve the thermal energy of the oil and coolant of the diesel power plant of a shunting diesel locomotive. To achieve this goal it is necessary: to identify the relevance of the problem of preserving the thermal energy of oil and coolant during the operation of diesel locomotives in conditions of negative ambient temperatures; develop a concept for the use of heat-storing phase transition materials in the oil and water systems of a diesel locomotive; carry out the selection of heat-storing materials based on their physical properties and the operating characteristics of diesel locomotive engine systems; conduct laboratory experimental studies to assess the effectiveness of using a particular heat-storing material. Methods: physical experiment performed in laboratory conditions, which consists of recording the temperature of the working medium (oil and water) and the temperature of the heat-storing material used depending on the cold idle time. Experimental studies make it possible to more accurately select the most preferred materials for accumulating heat from oil and water in diesel locomotive engine systems. Results: an experimental dependence of the temperature of various heat-accumulating materials on the cold idle time was constructed, which makes it possible to justify the use of stearin to accumulate heat from engine oil and cooling system water. Practical importance: the research was carried out as part of the implementation of a grant from Russian Railways JSC for young scientists to conduct scientific research aimed at creating new equipment and technologies for use in railway transport and recommended for use in the locomotive complex. Grant agreement No. 5103675 dated December 26, 2022 “Thermal accumulator for the pre-start preparation system for diesel locomotives in the cold season”","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About cargo traffic on the main route of Oktyabrskaya Railway after construction high-speed railway Moscow — St. Petersburg","authors":"N. Bushuev, Darina Shul'man","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-432-439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-432-439","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study the change of passenger and freight traffic on the Oktyabrskaya Railway “main route — the way around” and to show the need to continue research, taking into account the construction in 2028 high-speed railway Moscow — St. Petersburg (HSR). Methods: analysis of published research results, study of the main regulatory documents, reports and other sources taking into account the reflection of the key tasks of the development of railway transport, including the HSR network, according to the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 with a forecast until 2035. Results: it was found that after switching cargo traffic from the main route to the way around in Russia, tariffs and the delivery time of goods by rail have increased. With the growth of the total volume of container traffic towards the ports of the North-West, the goods are transported by road. There is a strong competition between Sapsan trains and air transport in the fight for passengers on the Moscow — St. Petersburg route. The upgraded railway track for the Sapsan speed service is operating at the capacity limit. This confirms the relevance of the construction of HSR in this route and makes it important of research of passenger and freight traffic on the Oktyabrskaya Railway “main route — the way around”. Practical importance: the use of research results will increase the competitiveness of railways in comparison with auto and airtransport in the Oktyabrskaya Railway “main route — the way around”.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of annual railway freight turnover and automobile transport of the Russian Federation: modeling, verification, point and interval forecast","authors":"P. Gerasimenko","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-517-524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-517-524","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: a study was conducted comparing the freight turnover of rail and road transport in the Russian Federation over the last twenty years and a forecast assessment was made. The comparative assessment was carried out due to the excess of freight turnover by rail over road transport. The study includes the following main stages: modeling based on the observed annual values of cargo turnover; model verification by comparing model and experimental values in years not involved in the construction of the model; model point and interval forecasting; analysis of the forecast trend of changes. The mathematical model of the excess of freight turnover by rail over road transport from the year of cargo delivery is based on a sample of statistical data from Rosstat from 2004 to 2021. The model was verified based on the results of cargo turnover in 2022 and 2023. Methods: to build a mathematical model, test it and carry out forecasting, a number of theoretical provisions of econometrics were used, including dynamic series, regression analysis, the least squares method, point and interval forecasting. The applied calculation apparatus was used using the Excel PPP. Results: the quality of the constructed model was evaluated by the following indicators: approximation errors, correlation and determination coefficients, and the Fisher criterion. A comparison of the observed and model values of excess cargo turnover showed that in the period from 2004 to 2021, according to the above indicators, they have minor deviations. The verification performed confirmed the satisfactory simulation. Practical significance: the conducted research has shown that it is possible to predict the results of transport operations according to the described algorithm and it is justified to make management decisions at the beginning of their implementation. Recommendations: to continue improving the modeling and forecasting apparatus, taking into account the assessment of risk indicators.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"123 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the use of industrial exoskeletons in railway transport as personal protective equipment","authors":"Yuriy Kanonin, O. Tihomirov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-370-379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-370-379","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to identify the most effective models of industrial exoskeletons, determine the possibility of using industrial exoskeletons for work carried out on railway transport, identify their main disadvantages and propose options for improving their design. Methods: search and comparative analysis of information on new industrial exoskeletons used in various areas of life to determine the possibility and feasibility of their wider implementation in railway transport. Results: a review and assessment of industrial exoskeletons currently manufactured in the Russian Federation was carried out. Practical significance: It has been revealed that in most cases, harmful working conditions for workplaces at railway transport enterprises are caused by the factor of labor severity. The influence of this factor can be reduced by using modern personal protective equipment (PPE) for the musculoskeletal system of workers. It has been established that industrial exoskeletons are promising PPE for reducing physical activity. Recommendations on their choice for a number of railway transport professions are given","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"121 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prospect of processing waste rock from coal mines with subsequent use in construction","authors":"Ekaterina Vereh-Belousova, Alina Harlamova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-391-397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-391-397","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: research and justification of the prospects for processing waste rock from coal mines of the Lugansk People’s Republic with its further use in the construction industry. Methods: sampling of the dump rock was carried out, followed by laboratory resear ch: Al2O3 content (up to 22 %) and total sulfur (up to 4 %) in rock samples of varying degrees of metamorphism, indicators of its plasticity and radiation characteristics (up to 220 Bk/kg). Results: the issues of processing rock dumps from coal mines of the Lugansk People’s Republic as raw materials for the production of building materials are considered. A brief analysis of the currently existing methods for obtaining various building materials from waste rocks has been carried out. The laboratory data obtained, after studies of samples of waste rock from a number of mines, prove the possibility of using coal waste in civil, industrial and road construction. Practical importance: the research and detailed analysis of various indicators and properties of coal mining waste in the Lugansk People’s Republic, including specific effective activity and evaporation coefficient, make it possible to use waste rock as raw material in the construction industry in the production of materials for industrial, civil and road construction.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of existing methods for drying wetted insulation of traction motors","authors":"Marina Hazheeva, E. Dulskiy, P. Ivanov, V. Kruchek","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-508-516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-508-516","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: consider the issue of increasing the reliability of electric locomotive traction motors, which depends on various factors. This article examines the factor of the impact of climate conditions on the operation of a locomotive. All attention is paid to the relevance of research into methods for drying the insulation of traction motors at the present time. It has been proven over many years of work that the most vulnerable part of the engine is insulation. All methods that are aimed at solving the assigned problems are listed. The article describes the principle of operation and technology of processes in each of these methods. From the proposed methods, efficiency indicators are derived from the perspective of technical and economic results, and some of their advantages and disadvantages are also noted. The article is based on a comparison of various methods that are aimed at solving current problems associated with increasing the reliability of traction rolling stock. Statistics on traction motor failures over the past three years are presented, and the reasons for moisture in the insulation of electric locomotive power equipment are described. The main methods and methods for drying moistened insulation used in VSZhD locomotive depots are listed, and the characteristics of each method are given. Methods: the method of statistical data and analytical review of the current state of the process of drying the insulation of traction rolling stock was applied. Results: the article lists the studies, experiments and results that evaluate the existing methods and methods of insulation drying processes on rolling stock. An updated method of three-cycle drying of moistened insulation of electrical machines has been developed, which is based on the use of electric heating units and provides for oscillatory energy supply. The task has been set to solve the optimal methods for removing moisture from the insulation of traction motors of electric locomotives based on the use of the convective method. Practical importance: based on the conducted research, the possibility of using the proposed three-cycle method for drying moistened insulation of electrical machines has been confirmed, which allows reducing energy costs for repairs and the time of the insulation drying process.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"124 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A software package for differential assessment of the public health risk from exposure to noise from rail and road transport","authors":"Danil Fesak, Nikita Davydov, Dmitriy Kolobov, Anastasiya Fedoseenko","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-470-479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-470-479","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: in the modern world, the number of vehicles on the roads is growing exponentially, and the infrastructure either remains unchanged or is changing, but it is not happening as fast as we would like [1]. Long-term effects of noise exposure, such as disorders of the cardiovascular system (high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, etc.), the nervous system (sleep disorder, cognitive impairment, vegetative vascular dystonia), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (conductive and sensorineural hearing loss), depression and other mental disorders [2, 3, 4], are more related to indicators that sum up the noise exposure over a long time. Both when conducting tests by accredited specialists and when choosing housing for buyers, you have to rely on an analytical or practical way to assess the noise pollution of a room. In order to provide a person with a simple and objective way to assess noise pollution, a software package has been developed that allows assessing the impact of noise pollution from transport on public health. Methods: quantitative risk assessment was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of MP 2.1.10.0059-12 “Assessment of public health risk from exposure to traffic noise”. Results: in order to automate calculations, unify the evaluation of results and reduce time costs, the authors propose a software package for differential assessment of public health risks from exposure to rail and road transport. The end product is a user-friendly, cross-platform application for operational risk assessment in the field for employees of test centers who measure noise from known sources of automobile, railway or combined traf fic flows. Practical importance: convenience and optimization of risk processing by noise measurements by employees of noise measurement laboratories using the application.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"112 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of hydrological calculations for surface and drainage runoff treatment systems","authors":"Yuriy Kanciber, A. Ponomarev, V. Shtykov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-332-344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-02-332-344","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to develop a method for determining the optimal hydrological characteristics of systems for treating contaminated surface and drainage waters. Methods: the pollutant balance equation was applied. For comparison, the method of the Vodgeo Research Institute was used. The costs of treatment and environmental damage from pollution of watercourses were studied for various water levels of the year and the parameters of treatment facilities. The main parameters chosen are the types of pollutants (suspended substances and petroleum products) and the separation coefficient of the runoff in the separation chambers. Results: a method has been developed for optimization calculations of the hydrological characteristics of surface and drainage water treatment systems, taking into account the likelihood of runoff during high water and floods, the costs of construction and operation of treatment facilities and damage from pollution of watercourses. As an example, optimization calculations were performed for several options for treating melt, rain and drainage runoff. Practical importance: the method of optimization calculations of environmental protection will allow a more reasonable and accurate determination of the required degree of wastewater treatment, productivity and parameters of treatment facilities, and in some cases — to reduce the degree of pollution of watercourses.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"73 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}