Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies最新文献

{"title":"Indonesia's Foreign Policy Towards Malaysia And Thailand Regarding Rohingya Refugees In Indonesia During The Early Years Of President Joko Widodo's Administration","authors":"Mohamad Rifai","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki bagaimana Indonesia menanggapi Malaysia dan Thailand terkait pengungsi Rohingya selama awal kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo. Dalam menganalisis permasalahan ini, konsep pengungsi dan politik luar negeri digunakan sebagai kerangka penelitian. Pendekatan kualitatif diambil dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa politik luar negeri Indonesia menerapkan pendekatan multilateral dengan mengadakan pertemuan bersama negara asal, negara transit, dan negara tujuan untuk mengatasi masalah migran tidak teratur, khususnya dengan Malaysia dan Thailand. Indonesia memutuskan untuk secara aktif berpartisipasi dalam pertemuan yang diselenggarakan oleh Malaysia, Thailand, dan Indonesia sendiri. Meskipun pertemuan tersebut tidak sepenuhnya menyelesaikan permasalahan pengungsi Rohingya di Indonesia, namun setidaknya membantu mengurangi jumlah pengungsi Rohingya yang memasuki wilayah perairan Indonesia. Selain itu, bantuan yang diberikan oleh Amerika Serikat dalam pertemuan di Bangkok turut berkontribusi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh.\u0000Abstract: This study aims to explore Indonesia's diplomatic approach towards Malaysia and Thailand concerning Rohingya refugees in Indonesia during the early tenure of President Joko Widodo. To analyze this issue, the research employs the concepts of refugees and foreign policy. Utilizing secondary data, this qualitative study reveals that Indonesia's foreign policy adopts a multilateral strategy by engaging in meetings with countries of origin, transit, and destination to address the challenges of irregular migration, particularly with Malaysia and Thailand. Indonesia opted to actively participate in meetings organized by the governments of Malaysia and Thailand and its own government. Although these meetings did not entirely resolve the issues related to Rohingya refugees in Indonesia, they contributed to alleviating the problem by reducing the influx of Rohingya refugees into Indonesian waters. Furthermore, the assistance provided by the United States during the Bangkok meeting played a role in meeting the basic needs of Rohingya refugees in Aceh.","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reforms in the Education System of the Republic Of Uzbekistan to Improve the Management of Higher Education Institutions","authors":"Anvar Gafurov","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Artikel ini mengungkapkan reformasi utama di sektor pendidikan Republik Uzbekistan. Hingga tahun 2017, jumlah institusi pendidikan tidak cukup untuk mendaftarkan siswa Uzbek sekolah. Oleh karena itu, banyak siswa yang tidak mendaftar telah mulai mengejar keinginan pendidikan mereka di luar negeri, terutama di negara-negara tetangga, yaitu Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, dan Federasi Russia. Bahkan data statistik menunjukkan bahwa sekitar setiap tahun hingga 2017, hanya 9 persen lulusan sekolah yang bisa mendaftar ke universitas, sisanya lulusan baru tidak dapat mendaftar. Sementara itu, populasi Uzbekistan meningkat secara dramatis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan utama artikel ini adalah untuk menunjukkan pentingnya dan kebutuhan reformasi di sektor pendidikan Uzbekistan. Informasi dalam artikel ini didasarkan pada analisis data sekunder, serta laporan statistik dan dokumen yang diperoleh dari berbagai kementerian dan lembaga pemerintah. Selain itu, korelasi demografi dan cakupan institusi ditunjukkan.\u0000 \u0000Abstract: The article reveals the main reforms in the educational sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Until 2017, the number of educational intuitions was not enough to enroll Uzbek schools’ pupils. Therefore, many unenrolled pupils have started to pursue their educational desires abroad, especially in neighboring countries, namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Russian Federation. Even statistical data showed that approximately every year until 2017, only 9 percent of school graduates could have enrolled in universities; the rest of fresh graduates could not be enrolled. Whereas, the population of Uzbekistan has been raised dramatically. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to show the importance and need for reforms in the education sector of Uzbekistan. The information inthis article is based on the analysis of secondary data as well as statistical reports and documents obtained from various government ministries and agencies. Moreover, the correlation between demography and coverage of intuitions has been shown.","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"272 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Perspectives on Women's Involvement in Radicalism","authors":"Melaty Anggraini","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Peran perempuan alam radikalisme semakin dominan, seperti yang dibuktikan oleh banyak pelaku bom bunuh diri yang dilakukan oleh perempuan di seluruh dunia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor mendorong keterlibatan perempuan dalam radikalisme, dengan fokus pada perspektif psikologis perempuan yang terlibat. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori psikologi, yang berfokus pada aspek psikologis seperti aspek emosional, intelektual, biologis, dan perilaku, yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosial dari fungsi manusia. Kombinasi faktor pribadi dan sosial, juga dikenal sebagai faktor psikososial, dilihat sebagai aspek yang tak terpisahkan dari pemahaman proses radikalisasi, termasuk perilaku teror atau kecenderungan radikalisasi. Faktor psikologis yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial sering menyebabkan gejala psikososial seperti trauma, yang menyebabkan krisis identitas pribadi dan disfungsi perilaku. Inilah sebabnya mengapa rekrutmen kelompok teroris menggunakan krisis identitas sebagai pedoman dalam merekrut dan menemukan kandidat. Memahami faktor-faktor psikologis ini diperlukan untuk mencegah perempuan terlibat dalam tindakan radikalisme dengan menyentuh emosi mereka dan memulihkan kembali rasa kemanusian dan empati pelaku. Pemahaman ini akan membantu mencegah perempuan terlibat dalam aliran kelompok terorisme dan terhindar dari kelompok ekstremis.\u0000 \u0000Abstract: The shift in the role of women in the involvement of radicalism has not been seen much on the surface, but it has been found that women's involvement is increasingly dominating as evidenced by the many actions of suicide bombers carried out by several women globally. For this reason, this study will focus on analyzing the driving factors of their involvement in radicalism, but more on the context of the psychological perspectives of the women involved to find the most appropriate approach in helping the prevention and control process for women exposed to radicalism. This research uses the theory of psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud, which focuses on psychological aspects such as emotional, intellectual, biological, and behavioral, which are influenced by social aspects of human functioning to form patterns of human personality and understanding the development of their character. The combination of personal (psychological) factors and social factors, also called psychosocial, is seen as one of the inseparable aspects in understanding the process of radicalization including terror behavior or radicalized tendencies. The analysis of the theory found that the relevance of psychological factors is very influential on personality and human actions to carry out acts of radicalism.   Psychological factors influenced by social factors often cause psychosocial symptoms such as trauma which causes a personal identity crisis that sometimes makes a person experience loss of identity and consciousness and act dysfunctional. Individuals experiencing identity crises will be easily influen","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"325 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Development Cluster Analysis in Banten Province: A Global Perspective on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Aryuningsih","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Human Development Index (HDI) adalah indikator jangka panjang yang membutuhkan kewaspadaan dalam interpretasinya. Selain itu, HDI adalah indikator pembentukan kemajuan pembangunan manusia yang dilihat berdasarkan kecepatan dan status HDI dalam suatu periode, sehingga pembangunan manusia sangat penting dalam strategi kebijakan nasional untuk pengembangan ekonomi dan sumber daya manusia secara merata di suatu wilayah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkluster distrik/kota di Banten menggunakan algoritma pada k-means dan fuzzy c-mean dengan dikelompokkan ke dalam 4 cluster sekaligus. Untuk melihat cluster terbaik menggunakan tes validasi, dan sebagai sarana informasi dan input dalam hal peningkatan pengembangan secara merata di Provinsi Banten. Oleh karena itu, pengolahan data diperlukan untuk mendapatkan metode dan hasil cluster terbaik.Peneliti melakukan pemrosesan data menggunakan algoritma k-means dan fuzzy c-Means. Hasil tes validasi adalah 0,38 dan 0,78. Kemudian hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan algoritma fuzzy c-means pada indikator HDI lebih baik daripada nilai algoritma k-media, karena nilai validasi lebih dekat dengan 1. hasil clustering yang didapat pada kedua metode baik terutama dalam karakteristik anggota yang masuk kedalam cluster, dengan mengelompokkan 8 kabupaten/kota ke dalam 4 cluster dihasilkan pada k-means untuk cluster 1 beranggota kota Tangerang dan kota Tangerang Selatan, cluster 2 Kabupaten Lebak, cluster 3 kabupaten Tangerang, kota Serang, dan kota Cilegon dan cluster 4 kabupaten Pandeglang, dan kabupaten Serang. Sedangkan pada fuzzy c-means pada cluster 1 beranggota Kabupaten Tangerang, Kota Cilegon dan Kota Serang, cluster 2 kota Tangerang dan kota Tangerang Selatan, cluster 3 Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Kabupaten Serang, dan cluster 4 Kabupaten Lebak.\u0000 \u0000Abstract: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a long-term indicator that requires caution in its interpretation. Moreover, the human development index is an indicator of the formation of human development progress seen based on the speed and status of the IPM in a period, so human development is very important in the national policy strategy for the development of the economy and human resources evenly in a region (PPK). Therefore this study aimed to cluster districts/cities in Banten using algorithms on k-means and fuzzy c-means by being grouped into 4 clusters at once. To view the clustering best using validation test, and as a means of information and input in terms of increasing development evenly in Banten province. Therefore, data processing is needed to get the best cluster methods and results. Researchers conducted data processing using k-means and fuzzy c-means algorithms. The results of the validation test were 0.38 and 0.78. Then this shows that the use of those FCM algorithm on the HDI indicator is better than the value of the algorithm k-means because validation values are closer to 1. And the clustering obtained on both the good ","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Law and International Law in Indonesian (Between Monism or Dualism)","authors":"Fabian Jambak, Didin Baharuddin, Neng Erna Sry Denasty","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Rangkaian sejarah panjang perdebatan hubungan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional menunjukan tidak mudahnya mentranformasikan hukum nasional yang mengakomodir keduanya. Monisme dan dualisme di Indonesia dipraktekan secara bergantian sesuai dengan kebutuhan dalam peradilan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara. Prakteknya disesuaikan dengan keyakinan dalam menilai suatu peristiwa hukum perlu ditranformasikan menjadi hukum nasional atau tidak, walaupun secara doktrin Indonesia menganut monisme sebagaimana diamatkan oleh Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Kontradiksi dari keduanya menyebabkan Indonesia belum secara tegas dan konsisten dalam melaksanakan konstitusi. Metode deskritif historis dengan periodesasi: Orde Lama, Orde Baru dan Orde Reformasi digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran dan pemahaman bahwa dengan rangkaian sejarah dapat menunjukan secara jelas mengenai hubungan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional di Indonesia. Ketegasan sikap pemerintah Indonessia menjadi titik tolok penting dalam menentukan pilihan demi terwujudnya kepastian hukum, perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusi dan menguatkan lembaga peradilan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara terhadap sengketa yang melibatkan entitas internasional. \u0000 \u0000Abstract: The long history of the debate on the relationship between national law and international law shows that it is not easy to transform national law to accommodate both. Monism and dualism in Indonesia are practiced alternately according to the needs of the judiciary in deciding a case. The practice is adjusted to the belief in assessing a legal event needs to be transformed into national law or not, although doctrinally Indonesia adheres to monism as stated by Article 11 of the 1945 Constitution. The contradiction between the two causes Indonesia to not firmly and consistently implement the constitution. Historical descriptive method with periodization: Old Order, New Order and Reform Order is used to provide an overview and understanding that with a series of history can show clearly about the relationship between national law and international law in Indonesia. The firmness of the Indonesian government's stance is an important benchmark in making choices for the realization of legal certainty, protection of human rights and strengthening the judiciary in deciding a case against disputes involving international entities.","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"147 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesian Diplomacy under the Leadership of Joko Widodo in Resolving Land Border Disputes with Timor-Leste","authors":"Vivi Pusvitasary","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v2i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses implementasi perbatasan darat antara Indonesia dan Timor-Leste. Kedua negara dalam Perjanjian Sementara 2005 telah berhasil menyetujui sebanyak 907 koordinat titik-titik perbatasan, atau sekitar 96 persen dari total panjang garis batas. Meskipun Indonesia dan Timor-Leste telah menyelesaikan sekitar 96 persen, pada tahun 2018, kedua negara masih menghadapi sejumlah masalah yang sulit dan kompleks. Berbagai hambatan, baik teknis maupun non-teknis, terjadi pada saat menentukan batas wilayah masing-masing negara hingga tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan teoritis diplomatik. Kemudian jenis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis dokumen dari berbagai sumber, seperti laporan resmi, laporan administratif, situs resmi lembaga pemerintah, jurnal, dan surat kabar. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan upaya diplomatik yang dilakukan di era pemerintahan Joko Widodo dalam menetapkan perbatasan antara wilayahIndonesia dan Timor-Leste. Diplomasi bilateral Indonesia dengan Timor-Leste dilakukan melaui jalur pertama, dimana kedua negara telah membentuk mekanisme dialog seperti Joint Ministerial Commision (JMC) tingkat Menteri Luar Negeri. Sementara di tingkat pejabat tinggi terdapat Senior Official Meeting (SOM), dan SOM Scorecard untuk memantau pelaksanaan kerjasama yang tengah berjalan. Sementara untuk isu perbatasan, terdapat Joint Border Committee (JBC) dan Technical Sub Committee on Border Demarcation and Regulation (TSC-BDR). Selanjutnya pada tahun 2017 pemerintah kedua negara sepakat untuk membentuk SeniorOfficial Consultation (SOC) untuk menyelesaikan perbatasan darat secara teknis. Pada 23 Juli 2019, kedua negara menyepakati perbatasan darat secara prinsip.\u0000 \u0000Abstract: This article aims to find out the process of implementing the land border between Indonesia and Timor-Leste. The two countries in the 2005 Provisional Agreement have managed to agree on as many as 907 coordinates of border points, or about 96 percent of the total length of the border line. Although Indonesia and Timor-Leste have completed around 96 percent, by 2018, the two countries still face a number of difficult and complex problems. Various obstacles, both technical and non-technical, occurred at the time of determining the territorial boundaries of each country until 2019. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods witha diplomatic theoretical approach. Then this type of research involves the analysis of documents from various sources, such official reports, administrative reports, official government agency websites, journals, and newspapers. The results of this study show the diplomatic efforts undertaken in the era of Joko Widodo's rule in settling the border between the territory of Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Indonesian bilateral diplomacy with Timor-Leste is conducted on the first track, where the two countries have established dialogue mechanisms such as the Joint Ministeria","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"200 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Security: Indonesia’s Grand Strategy in Facing Global Energy Market","authors":"Melaty Anggraini","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki peluang yang cukup potensial untuk memainkan peran dalam politik energi karena Indonesia di dukung sumber daya alam energi potensial baik energi fosil maupun energi terbarukan, yang seharusnya dapat melayani kebutuhan pasokan energi global serta menjaga ketersediaan energi bagi masyarakatnya. Serta dapat meningkatkan posisi tawar strategis Indonesia dalam ranah geopolitik dunia. Namun Indonesia belum bisa memanfaatkan posisi strategis tersebut, dikarenakan ketidaksanggupan dalam memenuhi subtitusi energi dan menghadapi dinamika harga energi dunia yang ditunjukkan dari sikap Indonesia yang mengundurkan diri sebagai anggota OPEC di tahun 2008. Perubahan tingkat konsumsi energi masyarakat Indonesia yang semakin meningkat akibat pola industrialisasi dan perkembangan alat transportasi juga merubah posisi Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang tinggi dalam hal mengimpor energi daripada melakukan ekspor energi ke negara lainnya.  Untuk itu penelitian ini berfokus menganalisis rancangan yang paling tepat bagi Indonesia untuk membenahi regulasinya di bidang energi. Analisis dari hambatan dan tantangan bagi pemerintah Indonesia dalam membuat regulasi di bidang energi khususnya energi terbarukan, maka Indonesia perlu membuat rancangan konsep ketahanan energi dengan menyiapkan sebuah Grand Strategy Energy dalam menghadapi pasar energi global. Pemerintah Indonesia perlu membuat Grand Strategi yang mengarah ke pembatasan konsumsi energi fosil dan perlu upaya diversifikasi energi agar permintaan terhadap energi fosil dapat diminimilisir, serta mendorong iklim investasi asing sebagai modal pengembangan diversifikasi energi alternatif tersebut, namun disesuaikan dengan tujuan kepentingan nasional yang lebih mengarah ke domestic oriented dan transisi energi dunia. \u0000 \u0000Abstract: Indonesia has quite a potential opportunity to play a role in energy politics because Indonesia is supported by potential natural energy resources, both fossil and renewable energy, which should serve the needs of the global energy supply and maintain energy availability for its people. As well as being able to improve Indonesia's strategic bargaining position in the realm of world geopolitics. However, Indonesia has yet to take advantage of this strategic position due to its inability to meet energy substitution and to face the dynamics of world energy prices, as shown by Indonesia's resignation as a member of OPEC in 2008. Changes in energy consumption in Indonesia are increasing due to industrialization and development patterns. Means of transportation also changed Indonesia's position to become one of the countries that are high in importing energy rather than exporting energy to other countries. For this reason, this research focuses on analyzing the most appropriate design for Indonesia to improve its regulations in the energy sector. From the analysis of the obstacles and challenges for the Indonesian government in making regulations in the energy sector,","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125877545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Economic Relationship Between Spain and Argentina Compared to Spain and Indonesia","authors":"Emy Sri Reskiyah","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Argentina dan Indonesia memiliki kesamaan berbagi sejarah panjang dengan berada di bawah masa penjajahan kerajaan Spanyol, dengan perbedaan hanya pada durasi kerajaan Spanyol berada di Argentina lebih lama daripada di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini pengaruh kehadiran Spanyol yang dirasakan Indonesia jika dibandingkan dengan Argentina jauh lebih ringan khususnya di bidang ekonomi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan membandingkan hubungan bilateral yang terjalin antara Spanyol dan Argentina dibandingkan dengan Spanyol dan Indonesia di bidang kerjasama ekonomi terutama namun tidak terbatas pada sektor perdagangan dan investasi dalam kurun waktu 2008-2017. Analisis esai akan dilakukan dalam dua cara dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, dan Threat (SWOT). Esai dimulai dengan memberikan gambaran umum tentang profil Argentina dan Indonesia dan hubungan ekonomi mereka dengan Spanyol dan kemudian membandingkan volume perdagangan dan investasi setelah krisis keuangan terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan bilateral ekonomi Indonesia-Spanyol masih kurang dinamis dibandingkan dengan hubungan bilateral ekonomi yang terjalin antara Argentina dan Spanyol. Omzet perdagangan antara Argentina dan Spanyol masih jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan Indonesia dan Spanyol. Argentina dipandang sebagai mitra dagang utama bagi Spanyol sedangkan Indonesia hanya dipandang sebagai mitra strategis dalam perdagangan. Dari sisi investasi, Spanyol merupakan investor terbesar di Argentina sedangkan di Indonesia jumlah investasi yang berasal dari Spanyol masih sangat rendah.\u0000Abstract: Argentina and Indonesia share a long history of being under Spanish colonial rule. When compared to Argentina, the influence of Spain's presence felt by Indonesia is much lighter, especially in the economic field. The objective of this essay is to examine and compare the bilateral relations maintained between Spain and Argentina compared to Spain and Indonesia in the field of economic cooperation mainly, but not limited to, the trade and investment sectors within the period of 2008-2017. The analysis of the essay will be carried out carefully and elaborated in two ways by using quantitative content analysis and Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threat (SWOT) analysis. The essay begins by providing a general overview of the profiles of Argentina and Indonesia and their economic relations with Spain and then comparing trade and investment volumes after the latest financial crisis. The results show economic bilateral relations between Indonesia and Spain is still less dynamic compared to the economic bilateral relations established between Argentina and Spain. Total trade between Argentina and Spain is still much higher compared to Indonesia and Spain. Argentina is seen as the main trade partner for Spain whereas Indonesia is only seen as a strategic partner in trade. In terms of investment, Spain is the b","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133865626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkiye at Crossroads","authors":"Emil Radhiansyah, Irsan Olii, N. Pratiwi","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Artikel jurnal ini membahas tentang pengaruh besar usaha Turki untuk bergabung dengan Uni Eropa terhadap kebijakan luar negerinya. Turki merupakan negara yang penting secara geopolitik dan memiliki sejarah dari Kekaisaran Ottoman, yang memberikan keuntungan dalam memperluas pengaruhnya di wilayah sekitarnya. Daripada hanya berfokus pada Uni Eropa, Turki dengan cerdik memilih untuk memperluas pengaruhnya, yang menguntungkan kepentingan nasionalnya. Di bawah pimpinan Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan (AKP) yang dipimpin oleh Recep Tayyip Erdogan dan Ahmet Davutoglu, kebijakan luar negeri Turki dirancang dengan baik dengan penerapan kebijakan \"strategic depth,\" juga dipadukan dengan prinsip \"zero problems\" dan \"good neighbors.\" Perubahan strategi ini menyebabkan Turki beralih dari orientasi Barat ke fokus lebih pada hubungan baik dengan negara-negara Muslim di Timur Tengah. Tentu saja, perubahan ini berdampak pada hubungan Turki dengan negara-negara Barat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mendorong perubahan kebijakan luar negeri Turki tersebut. Dengan memahami dinamika yang terlibat dan akibatnya bagi interaksi global Turki, artikel ini membantu memahami peran Turki dalam hubungan internasional dan memprediksi perkembangan diplomasi di masa depan.\u0000 \u0000Abstract: Long journey waiting for European Union membership gives an impact in Türkiye’s foreign policy direction. As a country with strategic geopolitic and with the legacy of the Ottoman Empire, give Türkiye advantage to widen its influence through region and made a benefit for its interest than waiting infront of European Uniondoorstop. Under the AKP (Justice and Development Party; JDP) with Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Ahmet Davotuglu architecking the Türkiye’s Foreign Policy with its “strategic depth” policy in collaboration with “zero problems” and “good neighbors” principles. Türkiye then changes it foreign policy orientation from west to the Mideast and especially to muslem countries around the neighbourhood. Offcourse with the changing give impacts onTürkiye’s relations with the west. This article tries to explain whatcauses the change in Türkiye’s Foreign Policy.","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126983630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implementation of the Jerusalem Embassy Act Under President Donald Trump (2017-2019)","authors":"Fahlesa Munabari, H. Hamdani","doi":"10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36080/jsgs.v1i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak :Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis kepentingan nasional dan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Donald J. Trump terkait pemindahan Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat di Israel dari Tel-Aviv ke Yerusalem pada 6 Desember 2017. Relokasi Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat telah ditetapkan dalam Undang-Undang Kedutaan Yerusalem yang disetujui oleh kongres Amerika Serikat ke-104 pada tahun 1995 pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Bill Clinton. Namun, selama beberapa dekade pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut tidak terealisasi hingga tahun 2016. Selanjutnya undang-undang tersebut direalisasikan pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Donald J. Trump yang didukung oleh anggota Kongres ke-115 pada tahun 2017. Menggunakan kerangka teori politik luar negeri dan kepentingan nasional, artikel ini berargumen bahwa keputusan pemindahan Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat dari Tel Aviv ke Yerusalem disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti pengaruh peran lobi Israel yang sangat mempengaruhi arah kebijakan luar negeri AS khususnya terkait Israel, karakteristik konservatif Partai Republik, kelompok Kristen Evangelis dan Zionis yang mendukung kepentingan Israel, dan hubungan bilateral khusus antara Israel dan Amerika Serikat.\u0000 \u0000Abstract: This article is aimed at analyzing the national interests and foreign policy of the United States under the leadership of President Donald J. Trump regarding the relocation of the United States Embassy in Israel from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem on December 6, 2017. The relocation of the United States Embassy had been stipulated in the Jerusalem Embassy Act approved by the 104th United States congress in 1995 during the administration of President Bill Clinton. However, for several decades the implementation of the law was not realized until 2016. Furthermore, the law was realized during the administration of President Donald J. Trump who was supported by members of the 115th Congress in 2017. Using the theoretical framework of foreign policy and national interest, this article argues that the decision to relocate the United States Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem was due to some factors such as the influential role of the Israeli lobby, which greatly influences the direction of US foreign policy especially with regard to Israel, the conservative characteristics of the Republic Party, the Evangelical and Zionist Christian groups, which support Israeli’s interests, and the special bilateral relations between Israel and the United States.","PeriodicalId":272480,"journal":{"name":"Budi Luhur Journal of Strategic & Global Studies","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124035332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}