Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis最新文献

{"title":"The Etiology of Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Evaluation of Biopsy Specimen Cultures in Hospitalized Patients","authors":"Masahiro Kamono, Y. Kabeya, Eiseki Sohara, Akiko Taoda, Tomohiro Matsumoto, Takahiko Mine, T. Hasebe, A. Ueda, A. Takagi, M. Higaki","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000261","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the causative pathogens in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis is important for optimizing antibiotic therapy. Thus, we examined patient characteristics and investigated the efficacy of the combined use of blood culture and image-guided biopsy culture for identifying the causative pathogens of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. A case series study was conducted in hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis using electronic medical records. Twenty-three patients who had undergone both blood culture and image-guided biopsy to determine the causative pathogens were identified. Detailed patient characteristics were identified, and the detection rate of a causative pathogen was 57% using either blood or biopsy specimen culture. By combining the results of each culture, the detection rate was increased to 83%. We described the detailed characteristics of patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis from whom both blood and biopsy specimen cultures were obtained. We found that the combined use of blood culture and biopsy specimen culture is useful for enhancing the detection of causative pathogens in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123364579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of malaria by bio-therapeutics and drug delivery systems","authors":"M. A. Qaraghuli, Mohammad A. Obeid, O. Aldulaimi, V. Ferro","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a ubiquitous disease that can affect more than 40% of the world’s population who live with some risk of contracting this disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently highlighted the high spread of this disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the considerable fall in mortality rate over the past decade, the development of resistance against main treatment strategies still exists. This problem has provoked scientific efforts to develop various treatment strategies including use of vaccines, drug delivery systems, and biotherapeutics approaches. \u0000A vaccination strategy is being implemented to trigger direct clearance of the causative parasites from the human host. However, the complex life-cycle of Plasmodium parasites with continuous antigenic mutations has partly hindered this approach so far. The application of different types of drug delivery systems for the delivery of antimalarial drugs is also being considered in order to improve the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and reduce toxicity of existing anti-malarial drugs. A third approach has emerged from the high success of antibodies to treat complex diseases like cancer and autoimmune diseases. Various antibody engineering methods and formats have been proposed to tackle the notable sophisticated lifecycle of malaria. \u0000Within the malaria research field, the characteristics of these diverse treatment strategies, individually, are broadly acknowledged. This review article considers the current status of these approaches and the future outlook.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130170256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Phages to Exterminate Biofilms","authors":"M. Alkhulaifi","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms are thought to be always a major concern within the healthcare field and food industries. The resistance properties of biofilm mediated bacteria confer persistent that is being somewhat challenging to address. Biofilms can be more resistant to antibiotics than individual planktonic cells. For this reason, the use of novel alternative strategies to management biofilm formation is needed. Currently, phages as an anti-biofilm agent are suggested as possible replacements to antibiotics. In this review, some of diverse strategies to the prevention of biofilm formation have been exhibited by a number of studies. Phages use as anti-biofilm agents can involve either phage application prior to biofilm formation, application to biofilms that are already formed, or using phage impact that is found in association with other additional mechanisms that can physically disrupt the biofilm. The development novel methods as an anti-biofilm agent would hopefully add an important dimension to the search for new potent compounds to solve biofilm-associated infections problems.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"73 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114036715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum IL-6, IL-8 and CRP as Markers for Prediction of Bacteremia byGram Negative Rods in Febrile Cancer Patients and in Irradiated Rats","authors":"H. A. Farrag, M. Aboulwafa, K. Aboshanab, Amira A Abdelbaset","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, serum inflammatory mediator’s levels (IL-6 and IL-8) at fever onset to predict gram negative bacteremia in cancer patients have been determined. Also, the effect of gamma irradiation on IL-6 serum levels has been investigated using animal model at dose level 24.4 Gy. Seventy feverish in-patients were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected at onset of fever for assay of IL-6, IL-8, CRP, C3 and total leukocytic count. IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels were higher in patients with gram negative bacteremia than in those with non-microbial fever. For patients with gram negative bacteremia and those without there was significant difference in IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels (P=0.0001 and P=0.0059 respectively). While, CRP and C3 serum levels showed non-significant differences. Using (ROC), IL-6 was potentially useful with Sp, NPV of 100% and 398.6 pg/ml cut-off value and AUC of 1.000 compared to Sp 77.8%, NPV 60% and AUC of 0.844 for CRP. On the other hand, IL-8 values didn't show overlapping in the groups. In the animal model, (ROC) for IL-6 serum concentration in bacteremia groups (due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) with exposure to gamma radiation and bacteremia groups without exposure to gamma radiation showed a cut-off value of 25740 pg/ml with 58.3% Sn, NPV 64.3%. These results showed the potential usefulness of IL-6 and IL-8 as early predictors of gram-negative bacteremia than commonly used markers such as CRP and C3. Also, usefulness of serum IL-6 as marker discriminating between different fever episodes in cancer patients under radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121505797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of prevalence of Bartonella infections among patients with fever of unknown origin in the country of Georgia","authors":"L. Malania","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703-C1-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703-C1-007","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the Problem: Only few years ago the diseases caused by Bartonella spp., were viewed as medical curiosities. During recent years it has become apparent that Bartonella species are associated with many illnesses other than the previously recognized cat-scratch disease, trench fever, Carrion’s disease, neuroretinitis, Peliosis hepatis and bacillary angiomatosis. Bartonella-associated illnesses involve a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms. In the present study, our objective was to detect a presence and diversity of Bartonella species among patients with fever of unknown etiology in Georgia.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116104807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe outcome in influenza virus infected patients is associated with reduced accumulation of defective viral genomes","authors":"A. Falcón","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703-C1-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703-C1-004","url":null,"abstract":"I A virus (IAV) infection can be severe or even lethal in toddlers, the elderly and patients with certain medical conditions. Infection of apparently healthy individuals nonetheless accounts for many severe disease cases and deaths, suggesting that viruses with increased pathogenicity co-circulate with pandemic or epidemic viruses. Looking for potential virulence factors, we have identified a viral genetic determinant that contributes to infection outcome. A polymerase mutation identified in a fatal IAV case, when introduced into two different recombinant virus backbones, led to reduced defective viral genomes (DGs) production and increased pathogenesis in mice. These data provide genetic support for the association of pathogenicity and low DGs accumulation induced by mutations present in pathogenic viruses circulating in humans. Testing this association, we performed a genomic analysis of viruses isolated from a cohort of previously healthy individuals who suffered highly severe IAV infection requiring admission to intensive care unit, and patients with fatal outcome who additionally showed underlying medical conditions. These viruses were compared with those isolated from a cohort of mild IAV patients. Viruses from highly severe/fatal outcome patients showed significantly fewer DGs accumulation than control viruses, suggesting that low DGs abundance constitutes a new virulence viral pathogenic marker in humans, regardless of the mutations responsible.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130944216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalance Pseudomonas aeruginosa Among Libyan Patients and itsAssociation with Hospital's Environment in Benghazi","authors":"Jamila M.M ALshaiki, A. A. Toweir","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000257","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was carried out which included 300 clinical specimens such as urine, pus, throat swabs, ear swabs, blood, taken from patients admitted to different departments, in addition to 300 samples from the surrounding environment in four hospitals in Benghazi. The aim is to identify the major strains of P aeruginosa isolated from various sources in different hospitals from both the patients and surrounding environment, also to determine the level of resistance to the widely used antibiotics in clinical isolates of P aeruginosa. P aeruginosa were isolated from 91 clinical specimens and 18 from environmental sources. All were Gram negative motile bacilli, oxidase positive and grew at 42oC. All isolates were confirmed by Analytical Profile Index (API 20 NE) for their biochemical activity, all were positive for arginine dihydrogenase, citrate utilization and gelatin hydrolysis, while 37.4% were positive for aerobic glucose utilization. The antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out according to the disc diffusion method (modified kirby bauer technique). Out of 91 strains of P aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens and 18 strains from the environment, the most effective antibiotics were respectively Ciprofloxacin (82.2%, 83.3%), Imipenem (80.2%, 72.2%), Amikacin (72.5%, 77.8%) and Tobramycin (49.5%, 50%) Gentamicin showed lowest rate of sensitivity (42.2%, 50%). Other antibiotics tested: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, augmentin, pipemidic acid, colistin sulphate and nalidixic acid. The strains isolated were found to have high or total resistance to them. Pyocin typing was used for the characterization of 109 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated. The scheme of Gillies and Govan was adopted and the procedure gave 86.8% of clinical isolates were typable, while 50% of environmental isolates were typable, 12 (15%) of 79 typable strains isolates from clinical specimens were classifiable while 67 (85%) were nonclassifiable. More over all typable isolates from environment were nonclassifiable. The study concludes that Pseudomonas infection is high among our patients in Benghazi hospitals, and reflects the hospital environment as source of infection. This study also recommends that there should be a review in the current antibiotics policy.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120942898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious Diarrhoea with SIRS from Yokenella regensburgei","authors":"A. Milori, E. Miliori, I. Gkatsis, Koletti Gb, A. Vogiatzi, A. Paulou","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000255","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright: © 2017 Milori A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Infectious Diarrhoea with SIRS from Yokenella regensburgei Milori A1*, Miliori E2, Gkatsis I3, Koletti GB3, Vogiatzi A3, and Paulou A1 1Department of Microbiology, Hatzikosta Hospital Messolonghi, Greece 2School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 3Department of Internal Medicine, Hatzikosta Hospital Messolonghi, Greece","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130711044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusive and Common Subsets of Zika Virus Polyprotein Mutants","authors":"J. Weltman","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000256","url":null,"abstract":"Two subsets of Zika virus (ZIKV) polyprotein amino acid positions are identified. One subset (Exclusive) consists of mutating amino acid positions which were found only in polyproteins isolated from ZIKV of human origin. A second subset (Common) consists of mutating amino acid positions which were found both in ZIKV polyproteins of human origin and in ZIKV polyproteins of Aedes species mosquito origin. The dominance of the Exclusive subset in the polyprotein was found to range from the N-terminus structural proteins until non-structural protein NS3. Although no longer greater than the Common subset, elements of the Exclusive subset existed almost to the C-terminus of non-structural protein NS5. These results are considered in the context of reported epitopic and other biological characteristics of ZIKV.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127227667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgY Antibodies for the Prevention and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections","authors":"J. Zajac, A. Schubert, T. Dyck, C. Oelkrug","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000254","url":null,"abstract":"Major progress has been made both in the field of vaccination and also in therapies against H. pylori infections in recent years. But, the increasing number of H. pylori infections and its resistance to current antibiotics has become a worldwide problem, due to the direct correlation between H. pylori infections and gastritis, gastric ulcers as well as cancer. In this regard, new alternative therapies or prevention methods turned into a global need. Therefore, an oral administration of chicken antibodies IgY specific to H. pylori can be very advantageous. Antibodies like anti-UreB IgYs or anti-VacA IgYs, produced by adult avian species immunized previously with UreB and VacA antigens respectively, are highly effective as a prophylaxis against H. pylori but as well as a treatment of already existing infection.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115505647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}