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Money Laundering from Maqāsid Al-Sharī‘Ah Perspective with Particular Reference to Preservation of Wealth (Hifz Al-Mal) 从Maqāsid al - shari ' Ah的角度看洗钱，特别是关于财富的保存(Hifz Al-Mal)
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3209775
M. N. Hoque, Jamaliah Said, Prof Faruq Ahmad
{"title":"Money Laundering from Maqāsid Al-Sharī‘Ah Perspective with Particular Reference to Preservation of Wealth (Hifz Al-Mal)","authors":"M. N. Hoque, Jamaliah Said, Prof Faruq Ahmad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3209775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209775","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to evaluate the concept of money laundering in reference to the objective of the protection of wealth (Hifz al-māl). It also examines the process of money laundering on whether they are halal in the Sharīʿah. This study adopts a qualitative approach. It reviews and analyses authentic data in relevant literature and documents on the principles of maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, especially on those mentioned in the Qur’an and Sunnah. The significance of this study is that a new contribution through exploring the viewpoints of maqāsid al-Sharî'ah on the sources which are involved in the money laundering process and the wealth achieved through this process. From the teaching of the Quran and Sunnah, it can be concluded that the Sharīʿah restrictions on the process of money laundering are far more stringent than any other ordinary laws since the Sharīʿah emphasises more on the protection of wealth for the welfare of human beings.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130889662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Debtor’s Legal Standing in the Possession of Fiduciary Collateral in Indonesia 债务人在印度尼西亚拥有信托抵押品的法律地位
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3799767
Dwi Tatak Subagiyo
{"title":"Debtor’s Legal Standing in the Possession of Fiduciary Collateral in Indonesia","authors":"Dwi Tatak Subagiyo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3799767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3799767","url":null,"abstract":"The forms of collateral in Burgerlijk Wetboek (pawn and mortgages) are apparently less able to facilitate the needs of Micro, Small, Medium Enterpreneurs (MSMEs) who need capital but also still need to utilize the collateral objects. Fiduciary was created to accommodate the needs of the community to be able to obtain additional funds while still controlling collateral objects. These objects are still used in managing business activities and increase the chances of success of debt repayment so that this method is considered to be equally beneficial for debtors and creditors. The research that applies the normative juridical method will examine in depth about how the legal standing of fiduciary debtors and their correlation with the status of property rights, property rights, material security rights and rights and obligations of both the debtor and creditor, their existence in The Fiduciary Act (TFA) and their compatibility with this era.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121161858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Immigrant Next Door: Exposure, Prejudice, and Altruism 《邻家移民:暴露、偏见和利他主义
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3781974
Leonardo Bursztyn, Thomas Chaney, T. Hassan, Aakash Rao
{"title":"The Immigrant Next Door: Exposure, Prejudice, and Altruism","authors":"Leonardo Bursztyn, Thomas Chaney, T. Hassan, Aakash Rao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3781974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3781974","url":null,"abstract":"We study how decades-long exposure to individuals of a given foreign descent shapes natives’ attitudes and behavior toward that group, exploiting plausibly exogenous shocks to the ancestral composition of US counties. We combine several existing large-scale surveys, cross-county data on implicit prejudice, a newly-collected national survey, and individualized donations data from large charitable organizations. We first show that greater long-term exposure to Arab-Muslims: i) decreases both explicit and implicit prejudice against Arab-Muslims, ii) reduces support for policies and political candidates hostile toward Arab-Muslims, iii) increases charitable donations to Arab countries, iv) leads to more personal contact with Arab-Muslim individuals, and v) increases knowledge of Arab-Muslims and Islam in general. We then generalize our analysis, showing that exposure to any given foreign ancestry leads to more altruistic behavior toward that group.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132688874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
FIQH as a Source of Contemporary Law in Arab Countries FIQH是阿拉伯国家当代法律的来源
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3499483
L. Sykiainen
{"title":"FIQH as a Source of Contemporary Law in Arab Countries","authors":"L. Sykiainen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3499483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499483","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the role of Islamic legal doctrine (Fiqh) as a source of contemporary law in Arab countries. The continuing Islamization of their legal systems includes the codification of Fiqh, which has acquired the role of the material (historic) source of law. Fiqh also plays the role of the official (judicial) source of contemporary law in Arab countries. In Saudi Arabia, it is still the primary source of law. Fiqh plays an active role as a subsidiary source of contemporary law, above of all, in private law","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115280193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Legal and Illegal Earning in Islam: A Literature Review 伊斯兰教的合法与非法收入:文献综述
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3499695
A. Yakubu, Haruna Yawale, Yakubu Isa Abdulbari, Muhammad Salihu Abubakar
{"title":"Legal and Illegal Earning in Islam: A Literature Review","authors":"A. Yakubu, Haruna Yawale, Yakubu Isa Abdulbari, Muhammad Salihu Abubakar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3499695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499695","url":null,"abstract":"Wealth is one of the immeasurable blessings of Allah (SWT) that He bestowed human being with. There are various provisions for achieving the wealth. In human life earning plays an important role in making life meaningful. The aim of this paper is to discuss on how Islam encourages and prescribe Muslim legal earning and forbid Muslim illegal earning. Based on the literature findings this paper intends to see the Islamic rulings pertaining legal and illegal income earning. It is very common now to see a Muslim who are able to differentiate between legal and illegal earning. However, it is a shocking phenomenon and a sad fact that a large number of Muslims now do not differentiate between the legal and illegal earnings. Some people are involved in earning money and seeking employments in undesirable occupations (Khan & Halal, 2010).This paper used a basic qualitative research design. All data are analyzed by using secondary data especially from the Qur`an as well as Hadith and related literature. The findings of this paper show that there is a prohibition of illegal earning in Islam as well as the encouragement of Islam to legal earning and a punishment for a person who engage himself on illegal earning.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"357 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Of Bodies and Burkinis: Institutional Islamophobia, Islamic Dress, and the Colonial Condition 《身体与布基尼:伊斯兰恐惧症、伊斯兰服饰与殖民状况》
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-19 DOI: 10.1111/jols.12142
Brayson Kimberley
{"title":"Of Bodies and Burkinis: Institutional Islamophobia, Islamic Dress, and the Colonial Condition","authors":"Brayson Kimberley","doi":"10.1111/jols.12142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12142","url":null,"abstract":"The 2016 burkini controversy and the criminalization of visibly Muslim women in France is a violent reminder of the precarity of colonial bodies in public space. These laws demonstrate the ongoing management of colonial bodies and communities which speaks over time from historical colonization to present, and future, neocolonial narratives. This article moves beyond the dominant logics of security and gender oppression in the Islamic dress debate which, it is argued, are invoked in a strategic manner to obfuscate the colonial condition and engender a normative, institutional Islamophobia in the public‐political imaginary. It critiques the instrumental use of law in creating political space for such agendas and analyses the whiteness of public space and institutions. The article insists that it is necessary to acknowledge the epistemic lens of the colonial condition in the Islamic dress debate and critically reflects on the alienation and reduced capacity for action of bodies wearing Islamic dress.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125913699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Waqf Resource Mobilization for Poverty Alleviation Based on Maqasid Framework 基于Maqasid框架的Waqf扶贫资源调动
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-08 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3303707
Khalifa MohamedæAli
{"title":"Waqf Resource Mobilization for Poverty Alleviation Based on Maqasid Framework","authors":"Khalifa MohamedæAli","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3303707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3303707","url":null,"abstract":"This study adopts the framework practiced by various multilateral development banks (MDBs), particularly International Development Association (IDA), to explore the potential establishment of a global Waqf fund, as this framework is proven effective. The framework revolves around the IDA operations with replenishments, allocation of funds by implementing specific formulas and the determination approach, which is mainly to monitor effectiveness of the earlier processes. The study proposes to integrate Islamic vision of development based on Maqasid al-Shari’ah with IDA principles for the allocation of funds for a potentially global Waqf fund. The objective is to create more effective approach for raising and using resources for a global Waqf fund.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Security Design, Incentives, and Islamic Microfinance: Cross Country Evidence 安全设计、激励和伊斯兰小额信贷:跨国证据
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3274677
Yaoyao Fan, Kose John, F. Liu, Luqyan Tamanni
{"title":"Security Design, Incentives, and Islamic Microfinance: Cross Country Evidence","authors":"Yaoyao Fan, Kose John, F. Liu, Luqyan Tamanni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3274677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3274677","url":null,"abstract":"We provide cross country evidence from microfinance institutions (MFIs) that are Sharia-compliant and their comparisons with non-Sharia-compliant MFIs. We find that, compared with non-Sharia-compliant conventional MFIs, Sharia-compliant Islamic MFIs have less credit risk but are less profitable and financially sustainable, have better poverty outreach, and are less likely to ‘mission drift’. Our results highlight the differences in religiosity and security design between these two institutions. Our study also helps practitioners and policy makers improve the understanding of the difference between conventional and Islamic MFIs.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"12 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132463985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Responsible Finance Sukuk — Can They Bring Societal Value to a Value-Neutral Market? 负责任的金融伊斯兰债券——它们能给价值中立的市场带来社会价值吗?
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/CMLJ/KMZ011
Edana Richardson
{"title":"Responsible Finance Sukuk — Can They Bring Societal Value to a Value-Neutral Market?","authors":"Edana Richardson","doi":"10.1093/CMLJ/KMZ011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/CMLJ/KMZ011","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional responsible finance provides investors with an opportunity to combine financial returns with broader societal impact in their investment activity. This emphasis on financial and extra-financial considerations has led to suggestions that there are innate similarities between responsible finance and Islamic finance, as financial activity guided by religious principles. It has not been until recently, however, that the sukuk market has sought to establish its place within the wider responsible finance market. This has led to debut issuances of green, social and sustainability sukuk, and the piecemeal development of precedents for future issuances. This article explores legal aspects of the nascent responsible finance sukuk market. In doing so, it provides an in-depth discussion of the legal structure of responsible finance sukuk issuances and reflects on claims that Islamic finance and responsible finance are naturally compatible.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129739154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Reducing Poverty and Income Inequalities: Current Approaches and Islamic Perspective 减少贫困和收入不平等:当前的方法和伊斯兰的观点
Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4197/islec.31-1.5
Abdel-Hameed M. Bashir
{"title":"Reducing Poverty and Income Inequalities: Current Approaches and Islamic Perspective","authors":"Abdel-Hameed M. Bashir","doi":"10.4197/islec.31-1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/islec.31-1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Islamic approach to reducing (income) inequalities and alleviating poverty focuses on the mechanisms historically used and succeeded in reducing inequalities. Both obligatory (zak?h) and voluntary (?adaq?t) mechanisms are used to motivate the rich to spend generously on poverty reduction programs. It is an obligation on the rich to pay the compulsory (zak?h) on their wealth but they are also encouraged to spend more above the obligatory sum by way of charity (?adaqah). In return, they are promised eternal bliss and everlasting happiness in the life to come. On the other hand, zak?h evasion is considered a punishable crime (in this life and the hereafter) and denying the zak?h altogether is equivalent to rejecting Islam. This belief in reward and punishment plays as a strong incentive and motivation for charitable behavior. Hence, effective collection and utilization of the proceeds from zak?h and ?adaq?t are the mechanisms advocated by Islam to redistribute wealth and reduce income inequalities. المقاربة الإسلامية للحد من أوجه عدم المساواة (الدخل) وتخفيف وطأة الفقر يركز على الآليات الناجحة المستخدمة تاريخيا في ذلك. ولتحفيز الأغنياء على إنفاقهم بسخاء على برامج الحد من الفقر تستخدم آلتي الزكاة الواجبة والصدقات المستحبة. يجب على الأغنياء أن يدفعوا الزكاة على ثرواتهم ولكن الإسلام يشجعهم أيضا على إنفاق أكثر فوق مبلغ الزكاة عن طريق الصدقة. وفي المقابل، فإنهم وعدوا بالنعيم الأبدي والسعادة الأبدية في الحياة الأخروية. ومن ناحية أخرى، يعتبر التهرب من الزكاة جريمة يعاقب عليها في هذه الحياة وفي الآخرة وإن إنكار الزكاة يعتبر رفضا للإسلام وخروجا منه. هذا الاعتقاد في الجزاء والعقاب هو حافز ودافع قوي للسلوك الخيري. ومن ثم فإن الجمع والصرف الفعالين للزكاة والصدقات هي الآليات التي دعا إليها الإسلام لإعادة توزيع الثروة والحد من أوجه التفاوت في الدخل.","PeriodicalId":269513,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Law & Law of the Muslim World eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128077420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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