{"title":"Algorithms for distribution feeder reconfiguration","authors":"D. Bouchard, M. Salama, A. Chikhani","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548272","url":null,"abstract":"Power distribution systems typically have a radial configuration. Sectionalizing switches along a feeder and interfeeder tie switches are used to maintain a radial structure. For every switch closed, another switch is opened, resulting in a new system configuration. To date, few algorithms and data structures have been proposed. In this paper, distribution system buses and sections are represented as adjacency and incidence matrices. Three algorithms are presented for reconfiguration. The first determines the admittance matrix for a feeder. The second algorithm performs a branch exchange between two feeders, ensuring no loads are left disconnected from the system, and that the systems's radial configuration is maintained. A third algorithm updates system data for the new configuration.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132596415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Processes to achieve vibrating beams for an angular rate measurement sensor","authors":"B. Nikpour, L. Landsberger, B. Haroun, M. Kahrizi","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548042","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrating beam structures may be used as sensing elements in an angular rate measurement sensor. Achieving a square cross-sectional area with smooth vertical side walls and sharp edges is necessary for these beams. In this work, fabrication of beams with reasonably smooth vertical sidewalls and accurate dimensions, using anisotropic etching of silicon in TMAH, has been investigated. Beams with various thicknesses (500-100 microns) are fabricated. It is shown that by carefully aligning the mask at 45/spl deg/ from the <110> wafer flat, and by maintaining the concentration of TMAH at 25%, it is possible to achieve smooth vertical sidewalls with good uniformity along the length of the beam. Adequate control over the beam lateral dimension is achieved by etching in a 2-step procedure with the second step at a lower temperature (lower etch rate). Single-sided and double-sided masking techniques are investigated in order to fabricate the beams. An alternative design is presented to form the beams using a standard CMOS process.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116577355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connection splice fault location in fibre optic cables","authors":"C. Zarowski","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an algorithm for detecting and locating connection splice events (faults) in fibre optic cables by the digital signal processing of noisy optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) data. Gabor series expansions, Rissanen's (1978) minimum description length (MDL) criterion, and matched subspace detection methods are employed in the algorithm. It is assumed that the noise is zero-mean, white, Gaussian, and of known variance.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117206400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient least-squares approach for the design of 1-D and 2-D FIR digital filters with complex coefficients","authors":"E. Abdel-Raheem, F. El-Guibaly, A. Antoniou","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548266","url":null,"abstract":"An approach for the design of 1-D and 2-D FIR digital filters with complex coefficients is presented. In this approach, the error measure is formulated as a quadratic function and the filter coefficients are obtained by solving a set of linear equations. The proposed approach is more efficient than the eigenfilter approach regarding the amount of computation and design time. Moreover, the proposed approach leads to smaller least-squares errors. Design examples are included to illustrate the advantages of the approach.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132432151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical characterization of thin SiO/sub 2/ films created by negative-point oxygen corona discharge processing","authors":"S. Sayedi, L. Landsberger, M. Kahrizi","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548039","url":null,"abstract":"Corona-discharge processing to create SiO/sub 2/ layers has been the subject of several previous publications. The research showed that low-temperature (600/spl deg/C-800/spl deg/C) corona-processed SiO/sub 2/ films having thickness /spl sim/1000 /spl Aring/ had physical characteristics comparable to those obtained for films grown by standard thermal oxidation at higher temperatures (1000/spl deg/C-1200/spl deg/C). Also considering the temperature of processing, it was found that densities of fixed oxide charges and midgap interface states of the films were lower (better) than expected. In this report, thin oxide films (/spl sim/200 /spl Aring/) are grown using a negative point-to-plane corona discharge. A thorough electrical characterization is initiated in order to determine whether a corona-based technique has potential application in thin gate oxides for MOS devices. Preliminary results indicate that the electrical properties and reliability of corona-processed oxides may be favorable.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131724829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meta-induction: 3-level generalization from examples in object-oriented design","authors":"S. Segapeli, A. Cavarero","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548096","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper is about generalization from examples. We want to study the methods to turn an example into a class (a concept). We distinguished between three levels in generalization. First, simple generalization, which is the \"classical way\" to turn an example into a class. Second, abstraction, which is an upper level of generalization: we will generalize more than necessary, keeping common features if we consider several individuals; it may allow future re-use. Third, a meta level exists: it is induction of metaclasses. A metaclass may be considered as a class of classes; it contains the behaviours of classes. These three levels of generalization seem to be essential to a modern Object-Oriented Design, which would take into account abstraction, re-use, behaviours and metaclasses.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"558 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113986332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image denoising for reduced-search fractal block coding","authors":"S. Bal, W. Kinsner","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548130","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the process of image denoising to improve the efficiency of the reduced-search fractal block coding (FBC) of greyscale images by reducing the first-order entropy of the image. The reduced-search FBC is a lossy compression technique that exploits the block-wise self-affinity of an image where portions of the image are represented by scaled and isometrically transformed copies of other portions of the image. The efficiency of this process increases with increased redundancy which is the result of lowering the entropy. Image denoising is concerned with separating noise from an image and then suppressing the noise as much as possible without altering the image itself. In this paper spatial smoothing and wavelet denoising are compared. It is shown that denoising increases the efficiency of reduced-search FBC. Spatial smoothing, however, causes a loss of signal that wavelet denoising does not. In either case, the reconstruction qualities of the peak-signal-to-noise ratio at approximately 34 dB and compression ratios of 18.9:1 and higher have been achieved. This is an improvement over the 31 dB and 18.1:1 for non-denoised images.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123005825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel low cost direct sequence spread spectrum synchroniser","authors":"J. van de Groenendaal, R. Braun","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548032","url":null,"abstract":"Spread spectrum systems have become more and more popular, with many commercial systems appearing on the market. One of the more complicated areas of spread spectrum systems is code acquisition and tracking. Many acquisition and tracking methods have been presented in the literature. These various methods differ in complexity, performance and cost. We present a novel spread spectrum synchroniser that may be simpler and more cost effective than other synchronisation systems. Acquisition and tracking is achieved using one network, and the decision as to whether the system is in lock only occurs once the two sequences are aligned. No intermediate decision is required on the state of synchronisation. This feature of the synchroniser makes it cost effective and easy to implement. The drawback of having simplified the overall structure of the synchroniser is that the system requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio. This is a characteristic of systems requiring the detection of the incoming pseudo-noise sequence. One of the interesting aspects of the synchroniser is that the code-phase frequency grid is evaluated randomly as opposed to the deterministic evaluation by standard acquisition implementations.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129086198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The measurement of digital receiver phase errors associated with analog-to-digital conversion","authors":"R. Inkol, K. Baetz, M. Herzig, R. Saper","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548250","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of digital signal processing techniques have motivated their application in communications, radar and electronic warfare receivers. In practice, the quantization and other error mechanisms associated with analog-to-digital converters often determine the performance of these systems. Phase errors in digital receivers are important for many applications. In practice, they are often determined by analog-to-digital conversion errors. This paper demonstrates a practical method of measuring phase errors in the time domain which is useful for characterizing the performance of analog-to-digital converters and other subsystems in a digital receiver.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129051255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Shen, A. M. Robinson, W. Allegretto, Yuan Ma, Bing Yu, M. Hu
{"title":"Magnetically actuated CMOS micromachined cantilever-in-cantilever devices","authors":"B. Shen, A. M. Robinson, W. Allegretto, Yuan Ma, Bing Yu, M. Hu","doi":"10.1109/CCECE.1996.548044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.1996.548044","url":null,"abstract":"A CMOS-compatible magnetically actuated micromachined cantilever device is described. The structure employs the concept of nested cantilevers to enhance the angular deflection produced by Lorentz forces acting at the ends of each cantilever. Devices fabricated by two CMOS processes were tested. Static and dynamic bi-directional deflection responses were measured; static deflections of more than 2.5/spl deg/ and dynamic resonance deflections of 65/spl deg/ were obtained, Resonant frequencies were observed from 4.5 kHz to 56 kHz. Numerical simulations were performed and agree well with experiment.","PeriodicalId":269440,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115930647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}