{"title":"A process-compatible passive RFID tag's digital design for subthreshold operation","authors":"Weiwei Shi, O. Choy","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463692","url":null,"abstract":"Based on deep submicron CMOS technologies and limit power availability, a low-power subthreshold passive UHF RFID tag's digital design is presented in this paper. The design uses specific techniques for ultra-low-voltage condition, addressing the long logic propagation time and wide-range-variation problems. According to the EPC C1G2 protocol, compensated addition is proposed in PIE decoding, and power-aware scheme is applied to the entire architecture. Additionally, double-edge-triggered technique helps to improve clock efficiency, reducing the complexity and power of the tag's clock generator. Galoi linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and one-hot counter are applied to meet the critical timing requirements in command handling blocks. To ensure the compatibility, the baseband processor was fabricated in 180nm, 130nm and 90nm CMOS technologies respectively, and the logic designs indicate good robustness in very-low supply voltage testing. Minimum operating voltages are at least 70 mV lower than the regular threshold voltage.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114223059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical characterization of a C-Element with LiChEn","authors":"Matheus T. Moreira, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463680","url":null,"abstract":"This demonstration presents the use of the Library Characterization Environment (LiChEn) for characterizing asynchronous standard cells. The tool was employed for the electrical characterization of a library with over five hundred asynchronous standard cells. In this work, a case study of a fundamental asynchronous component, the C-Element, will be presented to validate the use of the tool. LiChEn was designed due to the necessity of automating the process of characterizing asynchronous standard cells. Albeit this task can be done with tools from industrial EDA vendors, the use of these proved to require laborious manual work. These tools were designed for characterizing standard cells for synchronous systems and usually fail to recognize complex asynchronous logic. Moreover, asynchronous components are not available off the shelf in typical standard cell libraries, which constrains the asynchronous paradigm for full-custom approaches. As asynchronous techniques gain relevance in the research community, LiChEn can present a practical solution for a wider adoption of such techniques, by allowing an automated characterization of asynchronous standard cells.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121522083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelo G. Mandelli, Guilherme M. Castilhos, F. Moraes
{"title":"Enhancing performance of MPSoCs through distributed resource management","authors":"Marcelo G. Mandelli, Guilherme M. Castilhos, F. Moraes","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463689","url":null,"abstract":"The constant growth in the number of cores in SoCs implies an important issue: scalability. NoC-based MPSoCs offer scalability at the hardware level. However, the management of the MPSoC resources requires also scalable methods, to effectively extract the computational power offered by dozens of processors. State-of-the-art proposals adopt different approaches to tackle such problem, using the MPSoC clustering as the most common approach. The present work proposes a distributed mapping approach, using a clustering method, having as main goal to evaluate its pros and cons. Evaluation is carried-out using cycle accurate simulation, in large MPSoCs (up to 144 processors). Results show an important reduction in the total execution time of the applications running in the MPSoC, even if some processors are reserved for resources management.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124373821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilization of multi-bit flip-flops for clock power reduction","authors":"Zhi-Wei Chen, Jin-Tai Yan","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463635","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of multi-bit flip-flops in a synchronous design has been becoming a significant methodology for clock power reduction. However, some published approaches are usually based on the assumption that the bit number of the flip-flops is continuous or the number of the available flip-flops is infinite in a cell library. Under the physical limitation of the flip-flop cells in a real cell library, the bit number of the flip-flops is discrete and the number of the available flip-flops is finite. In this paper, given a synchronous system with a set of 1-bit flip-flops in a placement plane, the timing constraints of the associated signals in the flip-flops and the available flip-flops in a real cell library, based on the bit number of the available multi-bit flip-flops in the given cell library, an optimal approach is proposed to obtain the maximum power-saving result by merging 1-bit flip-flops into the available flip-flops. Compared with the original synchronous designs using 1-bit flip-flops, the experimental results show that our proposed approach reduces 38.4% of the flip-flop area and saves 24.9% of the clock power to maintain the synchronous property on the average for five tested examples in reasonable CPU time.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127601104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Berthet, P. Georgelin, Janvier Ntyame, Mathieu Raffin
{"title":"Peak power estimation using activity measured on emulator","authors":"C. Berthet, P. Georgelin, Janvier Ntyame, Mathieu Raffin","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463655","url":null,"abstract":"Peak power analysis is a critical requirement for the design of robust System-on-Chips (SoCs). Typically power estimation relies either on “rule of thumb” activity rates or on limited simulation runs that do not guarantee a real silicon worst case estimate. Rather, we have developed and implemented a method based on extracting activity data from an emulator box running a typical real-life application with suitable instrumentation. The search-and-refine method focuses on the time window exhibiting the highest activity. The time window is in a second step analyzed using Back-End power estimation tools. Results on a typical block of a SoC are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127698703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical leakage analysis using the deterministic modeling of cell leakage current","authors":"Jae Hoon Kim, Young Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463529","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach to estimate the n-sigma chip leakage current in the chip leakage probability density function of statistical leakage analysis (SLA) through gate-level deterministic leakage analysis (DLA). Although SLA provides accurate result than corner-based analysis, it is an impractical solution in recent technology comprising millions logic cells in a system since its computational complexity is O(N2). The proposed method uses DLA, and this makes it not only efficient but also suitable for use in the existing design environments. In addition, by providing the upper and lower bounds of SLA results, n-sigma chip leakage, the proposed method avoids the pessimism of existing DLA methods.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128131074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timon Brückner, Martin Kiebler, C. Zorn, W. Mathis, M. Ortmanns
{"title":"Discrete-time simulation of arbitrary digital/analog converter waveforms in continuous-time sigma-delta modulators","authors":"Timon Brückner, Martin Kiebler, C. Zorn, W. Mathis, M. Ortmanns","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463657","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the inclusion of arbitrary feedback pulses into the method of discrete-time simulation of continuous-time sigma-delta modulator is investigated. Although rectangular feedback pulses cover the majority of the published sigma-delta modulator circuits, there arise well known advantages from other waveform shapes, such as reduced sensitivity to excess-loop-delay in the feedback path, finite gain bandwidths in the operational amplifiers and clock-jitter. In order to also utilize the benefit of fast discrete-time simulations of continuous-time modulators in the case of non-rectangular digital-to-analog converter waveforms, this work provides the mathematical background for accurate modeling. Comparative simulations show a speed advantage of up to more than three order of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-drive capability buffer for highly variable resistive loads","authors":"E. Covi, A. Cabrini, G. Torelli","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463620","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of applications demands for integrated amplifiers able to drive highly variable loads. Emerging non volatile memory technologies have a storage element which presents highly variable resistance and needs well controlled current pulses to be programmed to the required state. In this paper, we propose a unity gain buffer amplifier which is able to drive resistances variable by up to three orders of magnitude and provide them with an adequate amount of current (up to 0.45 mA for a 10 kΩ load), as is required for programming operations of new-generation non volatile memories. The buffer, which is implemented with high voltage devices, has an input/output common mode from 0.4 V to 4.5 V with a supply voltage of 6 V and is able to reproduce fast pulses (down to 50 ns) with minimum rise and fall times of 15 ns.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121952551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianvito Urgese, M. Graziano, M. Vacca, M. Awais, S. Frache, M. Zamboni
{"title":"Protein alignment HW/SW optimizations","authors":"Gianvito Urgese, M. Graziano, M. Vacca, M. Awais, S. Frache, M. Zamboni","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463779","url":null,"abstract":"Biosequence alignment recently received an amazing support from both commodity and dedicated hardware platforms. The limitless requirements of this application motivate the search for improved implementations to boost processing time and capabilities. We propose an unprecedented hardware improvement to the classic Smith-Waterman (S-W) algorithm based on a twofold approach: i) an on-the-fly gap-open/gap-extension selection that reduces the hardware implementation complexity; ii) a pre-selection filter that uses reduced amino-acid alphabets to screen out not-significant sequences and to shorten the S-W iterations on huge reference databases.We demonstrated the improvements w.r.t. a classic approach both from the point of view of algorithm efficiency and of HW performance (FPGA and ASIC post-synthesis analysis).","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127900278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Moraes, Matheus T. Moreira, C. Lucas, D. Corrêa, Douglas de O. Cardoso, M. Magnaguagno, Guilherme M. Castilhos, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans
{"title":"A generic FPGA emulation framework","authors":"F. Moraes, Matheus T. Moreira, C. Lucas, D. Corrêa, Douglas de O. Cardoso, M. Magnaguagno, Guilherme M. Castilhos, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2012.6463758","url":null,"abstract":"Verification techniques face growing challenges, as digital system design becomes increasingly complex. Currently, verification is believed to be the main bottleneck for expedite complex designs, consuming at least 70% of the whole system development effort. This paper proposes a new, generic hardware emulation framework to improve the observability of designs as well as reducing emulation-based verification intrusiveness. The proposed emulator provides enhanced observability and controllability of inner workings of the system when compared to commercial FPGA-based emulators and is less intrusive on the design under verification. As FPGA-vendor specific products, the proposed emulator is generic, supporting in principle any digital system design. To enhance flexibility, stimuli generation and response capture is under control of a host computer and communication between the host and the design under verification may occur through an Ethernet interface or through PCIe interfaces in supported platforms. The prototype of the proposed framework is operational and presents promising results in terms of observability and controllability enhancement, although further work is needed to improve the framework emulation performance.","PeriodicalId":269365,"journal":{"name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)","volume":"10 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130254369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}